Mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions from industrial thermal processes.

Very little is known about mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBCDD/F) in industrial thermal processes. In this study, the occurrences and characteristics of PBCDD/F from various incineration and metallurgical processes were investigated. In addition, PBCDD/F analytical protocols based on HRGC/HRMS were developed and optimized. The sum of isomer group concentrations ranged from 1.7-3740 pmol Nm(-3) for PBCDF and 0.2-582 pmol Nm(-3) for PBCDD. For some metallurgical industries, the amounts of PBDD/F and PBCDD/F emitted were similar to or even higher than the amounts of PCDD/F. The sources of bromine and brominated-precursors in these processes should be evaluated. The PBCDD/F characteristics investigated included isomer group patterns, ratio of bromine and chlorine incorporated in PBCDD/F, and ratio of halogenated furans to dioxins. Lower brominated PBCDD/F were binomially distributed. But in some cases, the concentrations of higher brominated PBCDD/F were much higher than predicted from the binomial distribution. The formation mechanisms of PBDD/F, PBCDD/F, and PCDD/F in these processes were also evaluated.

Occurrence and characteristics of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions from industrial thermal processes.

The occurrence and characteristics of 2,3,7,8-substituted polybrominated and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/F and PCDD/F) from various combustion and metallurgic industrial thermal processes were investigated. PBDD/F levels from metallurgic processes (TEQ) concentrations from 0.14 to 1.5 ng Nm(-3), mass concentrations from 0.56 to 5.8 ng Nm(-3)) were markedly higher than those from combustion processes (TEQ) concentrations from 0.010 to 0.054 ng Nm(-3), mass concentrations from 0.025 to 0.15 ng Nm(-3)). This indicated that metallurgic processes could be important sources of PBDD/F. Consequently, more attention should be paid to the metallurgical emission sources in addition to combustion of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and related products. Specific isomeric patterns for PCDD/F from various industrial sources were highly consistent, while PBDD/F patterns were not. This revealed that PCDD/F might form through a common mechanism such as de novo synthesis mechanism, while PBDD/F might form by different mechanisms in thermal processes such as precursor mechanisms. Finally, an approach to identify the PBDD/F sources in ambient air by using the PBDD/F to PCDD/F ratio was developed.

[Removal efficiency of dioxins in flue gas from MSW incineration by using bag house and activated carban filter/adsorbor].

This paper study the removal efficiency of dioxins in the flue gas from small-scale MSW incinerator, by using bag house, activated carban filter/adsorbor, and the combined unit of the bag house and activated carban filter/adsorbor. The removal efficiencies of the above three units respectively were 39.7%, 61.9%, 93.4% at 850-900 degrees C. It was shown that the combined unit of the bg house and activated carban filter/adsobor could reduce the operation cost, as well as meet the national criterion.

[Dioxins contents in fly ash of MSW incinerator in three city].

The distribution of dioxins concentration in fly ash, which comes from three municipal wastes incinerator (MWI) in China, was studied in this paper by experimentation. It was concluded that 2, 3, 7, 8-PCDD/Fs homologue patterns of various type of fly ash were quite similar for all three MWIs. Further more, the concentrations of higher-chlorinated congeners of dioxins were remarkably higher than those of lower-chlorinated congeners. The poison effect of dioxins in the fly ash was mainly caused by PCDFs. If use active carbon powder before the equipment of bag house, the concentration of dioxins will be 1.8 times of that produced without active carbon powder. At the same time, the concentration of dioxins in flue gas will decrease accordingly.