Voltage-tunable Q factor in a photonic crystal microcavity.

A photonic crystal microcavity with a tunable quality factor (Q factor) has been implemented on the basis of a bound state in the continuum using the advanced liquid crystal cell technology platform. It has been shown that the Q factor of the microcavity changes from 100 to 360 in the voltage range of 0.6 V.

[Issues of legal responsibility of the pathologist]. / Voprosy yuridicheskoi otvetstvennosti patologoanatoma.

Medical care refers to a risky type of activity, since as a result of its provision, harm to the patient's health may be caused and prerequisites for the onset of legal (civil, disciplinary, administrative and criminal) liability may arise. The legal liability of a pathologist in the event of an incorrect diagnosis by the attending physician on the basis of an incorrect conclusion of the pathologist may occur due to violations due to low qualifications, frivolity, negligence, failure to comply with the rules, procedures for providing medical care, job descriptions, official duties. If the incorrect conclusion of the pathologist was of an objective nature (for example, in the case of an incorrect interpretation of a diagnostically difficult case), it should go beyond the scope of punishable shortcomings in the activities of the pathologist. The financial responsibility of a pathologist may occur when its burden is placed on a medical organization for harm caused to the life or health of a patient, due to the establishment, among other things, of the legality of the actions (inaction) of a medical worker with whom the medical organization is in an employment relationship. A medical organization, in case of satisfaction of the patient's claims by the court, as a rule, in a regression procedure, may involve the relevant medical worker who caused the harm in the issue of compensation, compensate for their financial and reputational losses. The most important thing in such cases is to resolve the issue of establishing the grounds for bringing a medical worker to responsibility.

[The role and place of pathology services in ensuring and improving the quality of medical care: Organizational and legal aspects].

The paper considers the legal and organizational issues of the activity of pathology services in improving medical care. It shows the main (diagnostic and medico-organizational) areas of pathology work to improve the quality of medical care.

Surface modes in "photonic cholesteric liquid crystal-phase plate-metal" structure.

The light transmission spectrum has been calculated for a "cholesteric liquid crystal-phase plate-metal" structure. It is shown that the system can have an isolated waveguide surface mode with characteristics efficiently controllable by external fields acting on the cholesteric. The degree of localization of surface modes and the transmission coefficients have been found to differ considerably for the light of different polarizations.

Photonic bound states in the continuum governed by heating.

A photonic crystal microcavity with the liquid crystal resonant layer tunable by heating has been implemented. The multiple vanishing resonant lines corresponding to optical bound states in the continuum are observed. The abrupt change in the resonant linewidth near the vanishing point can be used for temperature sensing.

Hybrid Tamm and quasi-BIC microcavity modes.

The microcavity in the form of a liquid crystal defect layer embedded in a one-dimensional photonic crystal is considered. The microcavity mode has a tunable radiation decay rate in the vicinity of a bound state in the continuum. It is demonstrated that coupling between the microcavity mode and a Tamm plasmon polariton results in hybrid Tamm-microcavity modes with a tunable Q factor. The measured spectral features of hybrid modes are explained in the framework of the temporal coupled mode theory.

[Use of sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with poor prognosis].

We evaluated overall and relapse-free survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) with poor prognosis. The study involved 92 patients (median age 54.1 years, male 63%, female 29%), retrospectively; 48.9% had poor prognosis. They received oral sunitinib 59 mg/day in 6 cycles (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off). Median overall survival was 17.6 months, relapse-free--10.8 months. Risk of progression in the poor and good prognosis groups was identical (HR=09). Overall response was 29% in poor prognosis and 40%--in good one (p = 0.07). Drug tolerability was acceptable in both groups. Sunitinib was effective in both groups of MRCC patients.

Electric field-controlled transformation of the eigenmodes in a twisted-nematic Fabry-Pérot cavity.

The polarized optical states in the transmission spectrum of a twisted-nematic Fabry-Pérot cavity with the distinctly broken Mauguin's waveguide regime have been theoretically and experimentally investigated. Specific features of the electric field-induced transformation of the polarization and spectral characteristics of eigenmodes of the neighboring series at the overlap resonant frequencies have been examined. It is demonstrated that the linear polarizations of eigenmodes at the cavity boundaries remain nearly orthogonal and their frequency trajectories reproduce the avoided crossing phenomenon. The experimental data are confirmed analytically and by the numerical simulation of light transmission through the investigated anisotropic multilayer with the use of a Berreman matrix method. The results obtained can be generalized to any materials with the helix response.

[Antiviral action of membranotropic compounds modified by adamantane and norbornene pharmacophores exerted on different HIV-1 strains].

The anti-HIV activity of new membranotropic compounds, i.e. of the polycarboxylate matrix and of its derivatives modified by adamantane and norbonene, was studied in respect of HIV-1 strains, whose tropicity to coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 was different, as well as in respect of HIV-1 variants resistant to azidothymidine (AZT) in a continuous culture of human lymphoid cells (MT-4) and in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood from healthy donors. Testing of complex compounds in a culture of infected MT-4 human lymphoid cells showed an effective inhibition of viral reproduction of LAV.04 (CXCR4-tropic variant) and of HIV11(EVK) as well as AZT-resistant variants. The studied pharmacophores-modified compounds displayed, in infection of the primary culture of human mononuclear cells of the HIV-1 R5 and X4 strains, a notable antiviral activity with their HIV efficiency significantly exceeding the one of the original matrix.

[Effect of interferon on cell cycle phases in cultured human tumor cells]. / Deistvie interferona na raspredelenie po fazam kletochnogo tsikla kul'tiviruemykh opukholevykh kletok cheloveka.

The action of homological and heterological (pig) leukocytic interferon on cell cycle kinetics of cultivated human tumour cells (lines HeLa, CaOv) and diploid strain was studied by flow cytofluorimetry. The cells of HeLa line and dFch strain demonstrated low sensitivity to interferon administration. The cells of interferon-sensitive line CaOv reacted by the change in cell cycle kinetics (arrest in G2/M). The action of heterological interferon on sensitive cells was similar to that of homological one.

[Effects of interferon on the kinetics of the cell cycle of human lymphoma cultured cells]. / Vliianie interferona na kinetiku kletochnogo tsikla kul'tiviruemykh kletok limfom cheloveka.

The effect of homological and heterological (mice, pigs) interferon on cell cycle kinetics of human lymphoma cell in cultures (lines Molt-4, P3HRj, Namalva, Raji) was studied by the cytofluorimetric method. Different cell populations demonstrated unequal sensitivity to the antiproliferative interferon action. In sensitive cell populations (lines Molt-4, P3HRJ) nonspecific changes were revealed in the cell cycle kinetics. The action of the homological and heterological interferon on the investigated tumour cells was nearly the same.

[Construction of an expression plasmid vector for accomplishing in vivo delivery of recombinant biologically active proteins. 2. Synthesis of HBcAG in a vaccine strain of Salmonella choleraesuis]. / Konstruirovanie ékspressionnogo plazmidnoto vektora dlia osushchestvleniia dostavki in vivo rekombinantnykh biologicheski aktivnykh belkov. 2. Sintez HBcAg v vaktsinnom shtamme Salmonella choleraesuis.

The capacity of a previously described plasmid vector pAZ to deliver bioactive proteins to targets in vivo has been studied. This vector molecule has a strong constitutive promoter, is extremely stable in cells of vaccinal S. choleraesuis strain, and encodes the synthesis of marker protein beta-galactosidase which helps monitor the vector's fate in the host. The gene encoding hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has been inserted into pAZ under its constitutive promoter. The resultant recombinant plasmid p19-24 has been used to transform Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli and S. choleraesuis) cells. Transformed cells produce immunologically active HBcAg. p19-24 was stable in S. choleraesuis cells during their culturing and during this strain persistence in mice. Triple oral immunization of rabbits in a dose of 1 x 10(9) S. choleraesuis cells TC177 induced the production of virus-specific antibodies. Successful transformation of cells of another vaccinal strain S. abortus ovis by this plasmid extends the potentialities of the vector. The results demonstrate good prospects of using pAZ vector for the construction of live oral vaccines.

[Effect of promoter duplication in the synthetic interferon gene on the level of its expression]. / Vliianie duplikatsii promotorov v iskusstvennom gene interferona na uroven' ego ékspressii.

The expression of the artificial gene for the human leukocyte interferon (IFN) synthesized by the chemo-enzymic method has been studied in Escherichia coli cells. The genetic constructions in which the IFN gene transcription is carried out from A2 and B promoters of T7 phage or from E. coli lacZ UV5 gene promoter have been obtained, based on pEMB101 plasmid. In addition, the level of interferon production, depending on the promoter used, has been studied. It has been shown that the tandemly located promoters increase efficiency of the IFN gene expression.

[Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6): current status]. / Virus gerpesa 6-go tipa (HHV-6): sovremennoe sostoianie voprosa.

Molecular, biological, and immunological studies on the recently identified human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) suggest that the virus is involved in the etiology of at least several lymphoproliferative diseases. Furthermore, HHV-6 may be an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of several other diseases, including cervical carcinoma, oral carcinoma, multiple sclerosis, and HIV infection. Analyzing the data available in the literature shows it necessary to conduct systematic investigations and to emphasize the importance of the problem for national public health.

[Experimental evaluation of delivery means of potential anti-HIV microbicides]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka sredstv dostavki potentsial'nykh anti-VICh-mikrobotsidov.

The purpose was to develop an effective drug of local intravaginal membranetropic microbicide based on polycarboxylate and matrix modified by norbonene and/or peptide (simulator of CCR5 coreceptor). The drug was added to the composition of polyacrykic acid-polyvinylpyrrolidone (interpolymer complexes) in order to prevent the interplay of its non-specific groups with proteins. The antiviral effect and absence of toxicity of the finished microbicide form were demonstrated on the human lymphoid MT-4 culture.

[Inhibitor of the action of swine leukocyte interferon]. / Ingibitor deistviia svinogo leikotsitarnogo interferona.

Studies on the antagonists of interferon effect ("stimulon", "TAI", "blocker", "antiinterferon") formed under the influence of viruses and mitogens as well as those found in noninfected tissues deal largely with their blocking effect on the antiviral activity of interferon. Previously we had found an inhibitor of antiviral effect in preparations of human cadaverous and swine leukocyte interferons. This paper presents the results of studies on some physico-chemical properties of an inhibitor of the effect of swine leukocyte interferon and its antiproliferative activity. The inhibitor is resistant to the effect of nucleases and lyophilization, manifests limited heterospecificity towards interferons and cell cultures, has marked antiproliferative activity in different cell cultures including those of tumor origin.

[Sensitivity of a continuous cell culture of human ovarian carcinoma to interferon preparations of different origins]. / Izuchenie chuvstvitel'nosti perevivaemoi kul'tury kletok kartsinomy iaichnika cheloveka k preparatam inteferona razlichnogo proiskhozkdeniia.

A comparative study of homologous (human) and heterologous (porcine and bovine) leukocyte interferon preparations showed them to have antiviral and antiproliferative effects on CaOv tumor cells culture derived from human ovary carcinoma. These effects were lower in heterologous than in homologous interferon preparations.

[Antiviral and anticellular activity of human leukocytic and fibroblastic interferons in homo- and heterologous cells]. / Antivirusnaia i antikletochnaia aktivnost' leikotsitarnogo i fibroblastnogo interfronov v gomo- i geterologicheskikh kletkakh.

Investigations of the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of human alpha and beta interferons were carried out in homologous and heterologous cell cultures (EBTr and TR - human embryo trachea cells). Both interferons were shown to inhibit the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus and incorporation of 3H-thymidine in homologous cells. In heterologous cells of bovine embryo trachea the antiviral and antiproliferative effect was observed only with human alpha interferon.

[Optimal conditions for demonstrating the antimitotic action of interferon]. / Optimal'nye usloviia proiavleniia antimitoticheskogo deistviia interferona.

The effect of human leukocyte interferon (HLI) on three human cell cultures of different origin was studied. HLI inhibited the mitotic activity (MA) of human ovary carcinoma cell culture and to a lower extent that of a diploid cell culture. At the same time HLI preparation exerted a nonspecific stimulating effect on MA of the primary human embryo cell culture. The optimal conditions for the determination of the antimitotic effect of interferon on cells of tumor origin include: a seed dose of 5 X 10(4) cells/ml, addition of interferon to the culture 24 hours after cell seeding; the maximum effect of interferon is observed at 24 hours after addition to the culture.

[The properties of monoclonal antibodies to HIV gag gene proteins]. / Svoistva monoklonal'nykh antitel k belkam gena gag VICh.

Immunization of BALB/c mice with natural purified HIV antigen, fusion of spleen cells with myeloma cells and subsequent selection of hybrid clones using recombinant gag antigen of HIV gave hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to HIV. The immune blotting method demonstrated that 3 clones interacted with protein p24 and 4 clones with protein p17 of HIV. Competitive EIA led to a conclusion that the resulting MCA detected at least 3 antigenic determinants in proteins, products of gag gene of HIV. The potentials of using these MCA for the detection of viral antigen in HIV-infected continuous cell lines were demonstrated.