FTO rs9939609 A allele influences anthropometric outcome in response to dietary intervention, but not in response to physical exercise program.

PURPOSE: The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is involved in energy homeostasis. The A allele of the rs9939609 (SNP; T>A) is associated with obesity and higher food intake, while its effect in energy expenditure remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether FTO rs9939609 is associated with the anthropometric outcomes of a physical exercise program and a dietary intervention. METHODS: We studied two independent samples. The first was composed by children and adolescents in which overweight and obese individuals were submitted to a physical exercise program (n = 136) and normal weight participants served as a control group (n = 172). The second sample was composed by obese women submitted to a hypocaloric dietary intervention (n = 126). RESULTS: Physical exercise and dietary intervention were effective, independently of genotype. We found no association of FTO rs9939609 with obesity in children and adolescents (p = 0.67). The rs9939609 affected the response to dietary intervention in obese women: A allele carriers reduced 2.7 cm less of abdominal circumference (AC) than homozygous TT (p = 0.04), while no effect was observed in response to physical exercise in overweight and obese children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The A allele is associated with a worse outcome in response to the hypocaloric dietary intervention regarding abdominal circumference reduction; the same allele did not show interaction with any anthropometric outcomes in response to the exercise program applied.

Association between Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) polymorphisms and lipid and glucose metabolism.

Recent evidences had shown activation of TLR (toll-like receptors) and NLR (nod-like receptors) in response to imbalance in nutrients intake, such as lipid and glucose. The main aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between 11 SNPs in TLR2, TLR4, NLRC4, CARD8 and NEK7 genes and lipid and glucose metabolism. Sample was composed by healthy children and adolescents (n = 158) and adults (n = 115). DNA extraction was obtained by salting-out and sample genotyping by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry based system. LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose and insulin were measured by standard automated methods. Means were compared by t-test or Mann-Whitney test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to verify association between polymorphisms and lipid and glucose markers. Seven polymorphisms in 5 genes were associated with lipid and glucose parameters. For lipid parameters, the following associations were found: higher LDL-C levels and C allele of rs1554973 (TLR4) and G allele of rs6671879 (NEK7); higher HDL-cholesterol levels and A allele of rs13105517 (TLR2); higher total cholesterol and TT genotype of rs3804099 (TLR2) and G allele of rs6671879 (NEK7); higher triglycerides levels and G allele of rs455060 (NLRC4). For glucose parameters associations were found between C allele of rs7258674 (CARD8) and higher glucose levels, and between C allele of rs212704 (NLRC4) and G allele of rs455060 (NLRC4) and insulin levels. These findings indicate a relationship between polymorphisms of TLRs and NLRs genes and markers of lipid and glucose metabolism.

Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene associated with maximal fat oxidation and LDL-C levels in non-obese adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene, maximal fat oxidation rates and the lipid profile levels in non-obese adolescents. METHODS: 72 schoolchildren, of both genders, aged between 11 and 17 years, participated in the study. The anthropometric and body composition variables, in addition to total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, insulin, and basal glycemia, were evaluated. The sample was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of the polymorphism: non-carriers of the Arg64 allele, i.e., homozygous (Trp64Trp: n=54), and carriers of the Arg64 allele (Trp64Arg+Arg64Arg: n=18), in which the frequency of the Arg64 allele was 15.2%. The maximal oxygen uptake and peak of oxygen uptake during exercise were obtained through the symptom-limited, submaximal treadmill test. Maximal fat oxidation was determined according to the ventilatory ratio proposed in Lusk's table. RESULTS: Adolescents carrying the less frequent allele (Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg) had higher LDL-c levels (p=0.031) and lower maximal fat oxidation rates (p=0.038) when compared with non-carriers (Trp64Trp). CONCLUSIONS: Although the physiological processes related to lipolysis and lipid metabolism are complex, the presence of the Arg 64 allele was associated with lower rates of FATMAX during aerobic exercise, as well as with higher levels of LDL-c in adolescents.

FTO rs9939609 Does Not Interact with Physical Exercise but Influences Basal Insulin Metabolism in Brazilian Overweight and Obese Adolescents.

Purpose: The rs9939609 SNP (T > A) in FTO gene is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed at verifying whether this SNP influenced biochemical outcomes of children and adolescents who are overweight/obese submitted to a program of physical exercise and also if there was influence on basal levels of these biochemical variables. Methods: The sample was composed by 432 children and adolescents grouped in three ways (obese, overweight, and normal weight); of these, 135 children and adoloescents who are obese and overweight were submitted to a physical exercise program for 12 weeks. All were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Results: The children and adolescents who are overweight/obese and carriers of AA genotype had higher levels of insulin (p=0.03) and HOMA (p=0.007) and lower levels of glucose (p=0.003), but the SNP did not modulate the response to physical exercise. Conclusions: In our study, the rs9939609 AA genotype was associated with parameters related to insulin metabolism but did not interact with physical exercise.

Sleep deprivation and drowsiness of medical residents and medical students.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of residents and medical students. METHODS: we applied a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to a population of residents and medical students. RESULTS: hundred five residents and 101 undergraduate medical students participated. Residents presented higher mean PSQI (6.76±2.81) with poorer sleep quality when compared with undergraduates (5.90±2.39); Both had similar measures of sleepiness by ESS (p=0.280), but residents showed lower duration and lower subjective sleep quality. CONCLUSION: medical students and residents presented sleep deprivation, indicating the need for preventive actions in the medical area.

Lesões cutâneas em praticantes de boxe de academia / Skin injuries in boxing academy athletes

Este estudo buscou identificar prevalência de lesões cutâneas em praticantes amadores de boxe. Pesquisa transversal com entrevistas para obtenção dos dados pessoais, rotina de treinamento físico, medidas antropométricas e avaliações cutâneas. Dados analisados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado, p<0,05. Participaram 51 atletas de boxe (34 homens), faixa etária média 25,61 anos. O motivo da prática foi socialização e lazer (73,3%), reduzir ou manter peso (40%) e participar de competições (16,6%). Em ambos os sexos foram encontradas lesões cutâneas traumáticas crônicas (27,5%) e agudas (23,5%), principalmente localizadas em membros superiores. Predominaram hematomas (17,6%), bolhas (19,6%) e calos (37,3%). Mulheres (31,3%) foram mais propensas à quebra das unhas dos quirodáctilos do que homens (3,7%) (p<0,05). A duração do treino diário foi significativa para lesões crônicas (p=0,004). Nesta amostra houve baixa ocorrência de ferimentos e lesões infecciosas, prevaleceram calos, localizados em mão direita e associados ao maior tempo de treinamento.

This study identified the prevalence of skin lesions in amateur boxers. Cross-sectional survey with interviews to obtain personal data, physical training routine, anthropometric measurements and skin evaluations. Data analyzed by Fisher's exact test and chi-square, p <0.05. 51 boxing athletes (34 men) participated, with an average age of 25.61 years. The reason for the practice was socialization and leisure (73.3%), reducing or maintaining weight (40%) and participating in competitions (16.6%). Chronic (27.5%) and acute (23.5%) skin lesions were found in both sexes, mainly located in the upper limbs. Hematomas (17.6%), blisters (19.6%) and calluses (37.3%) predominated. Women (31.3%) were more likely to break fingernails than men (3.7%) (p <0.05). The duration of daily training was significant for chronic injuries (p = 0.004). In this sample there was a low incidence of wounds and infectious lesions and the most prevalent disorders in the boxing practitioners were calluses located on the right hand associated the longer training

Anthropometric measures and blood pressure in school children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of blood pressure and body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and triceps skinfold, in children and adolescents in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1,441 students from public schools, aged from 10 to 16 years (655 boys and 786 girls). The following indicators were assessed: weight, height, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pubertal stage, and socioeconomic status. Pearson correlation tests and multivariate logistic regression were used, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: We found weak correlations among all the anthropometric parameters and systolic and diastolic levels, with coefficients values ranging from 0.18 to 0.28 (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, only body mass index [odds ratio (OR)=2.9; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.9-4.5] and triceps skinfold (OR=1.9; 95%CI 1.3-3.1) were found as predictors of high blood pressure, regardless of abdominal adiposity, sexual maturation and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Total body adiposity seems to be a better predictor of high blood pressure risk than abdominal fat in this population.

Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene associated with maximal fat oxidation and LDL-C levels in non-obese adolescents / Polimorfismo Trp64Arg do gene ADRB3 associado à oxidação máxima de gorduras e à concentração de LDL-c em adolescentes não obesos

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene, maximal fat oxidation rates and the lipid profile levels in non-obese adolescents. Methods: 72 schoolchildren, of both genders, aged between 11 and 17 years, participated in the study. The anthropometric and body composition variables, in addition to total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, insulin, and basal glycemia, were evaluated. The sample was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of the polymorphism: non-carriers of the Arg64 allele, i.e., homozygous (Trp64Trp: n = 54), and carriers of the Arg64 allele (Trp64Arg + Arg64Arg: n = 18), in which the frequency of the Arg64 allele was 15.2%. The maximal oxygen uptake and peak of oxygen uptake during exercise were obtained through the symptom-limited, submaximal treadmill test. Maximal fat oxidation was determined according to the ventilatory ratio proposed in Lusk's table. Results: Adolescents carrying the less frequent allele (Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg) had higher LDL-c levels (p = 0.031) and lower maximal fat oxidation rates (p = 0.038) when compared with non-carriers (Trp64Trp). Conclusions: Although the physiological processes related to lipolysis and lipid metabolism are complex, the presence of the Arg 64 allele was associated with lower rates of FATMAX during aerobic exercise, as well as with higher levels of LDL-c in adolescents.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o polimorfismo Trp64Arg do gene ADRB3, as taxas de oxidação máxima de gorduras e as concentrações do perfil lipídico em adolescentes não obesos. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 72 escolares, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 11 e 17 anos. Foram avaliadas as variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal, além do colesterol total, lipoproteina de alta densidade, lipoproteina de baixa densidade, triglicerídeos; insulina e glicemia basal. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos, segundo a presença ou não do polimorfismo: não portadores do alelo Arg64, ou seja, homozigotos (Trp64Trp: n = 54) e portadores do alelo Arg64 (Trp64Arg + Arg64Arg: n = 18), em que a frequência do alelo Arg64 foide 15,2%. O consumo máximo de oxigênio e pico de consumo máximo de oxigênio durante o exercício foram obtidos por meio do teste aeróbio submáximo de sintoma limitado em esteira. A oxidação máxima de gorduras foi determinada de acordo com a razão de trocas ventilatórias propostas na Tabela de Lusk. Resultados: Os adolescentes portadores do alelo menos frequente (Trp64Arg e Arg64Arg) apresentaram maiores concentrações de lipoproteina de baixa densidade (p = 0,031) e menores taxasde oxidação máxima de gorduras (p = 0,038) quando comparados aos não portadores (Trp64Trp). Conclusões: Embora os processos fisiológicos relacionados à lipólise e ao metabolismo de lipídeos sejam complexos, a presença do alelo Arg64 associou-se a menores taxas de FATMAX durante exercício aeróbio, bem como maiores níveis de lipoproteina de baixa densidade em adolescentes.

Exercícios físicos aquáticos e equilíbrio em idosos: uma revisão sistemática / Aquatic physical exercises and balance in the elderly: a systematic review / Ejercicios físicos acuáticos y el equilibrio en los ancianos: una revisión sistemática

O objetivo foi verificar os efeitos de exercícios aquáticos no equilíbrio de idosos. Os artigos foram identificados por busca sistemática no Pubmed, SciELO e Lilacs, descritores "elderly", "exercise" e "water"; "elderly", "water" e "balance"; "elderly", "water" e "gait"; "elderly", "water" e "balance". A fase inicial totalizou 545 artigos e, afinal, ficaram 9 artigos para análise na revisão sistemática. Conclui-se que o exercício aquático é capaz de promover melhoras e manutenção no equilíbrio de idosos.

The objective was to verify the effects of aquatic exercises on the balance of the elderly. The articles were identified by systematic search in Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs, descriptors "elderly", "exercise" and "water"; "Elderly", "water" and "balance"; "Elderly", "water" and "gait"; "Elderly", "water" and "balance". The initial phase totaled 545 articles and the final one was 9 articles for analysis in the systematic review. It is concluded that aquatic exercise is capable of promoting improvements and maintenance in the balance of the elderly.

El objetivo fue verificar los efectos de los ejercicios acuáticos sobre el equilibrio de los ancianos. Los artículos fueron identificados por búsqueda sistemática en Pubmed, SciELO y Lilacs, descriptores "ancianos", "ejercicio" y "agua"; "Ancianos", "agua" y "equilibrio"; "Ancianos", "agua" y "marcha"; "Ancianos", "agua" y "equilibrio". La fase inicial totalizó 545 artículos y la última fue de 9 artículos para su análisis en la revisión sistemática. Se concluye que el ejercicio acuático es capaz de promover mejoras y mantenimiento en el equilibrio de los ancianos.

Sleep deprivation and drowsiness of medical residents and medical students / Privação do sono e sonolência excessiva em médicos residentes e estudantes de medicina

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of residents and medical students. Methods: we applied a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to a population of residents and medical students. Results: hundred five residents and 101 undergraduate medical students participated. Residents presented higher mean PSQI (6.76±2.81) with poorer sleep quality when compared with undergraduates (5.90±2.39); Both had similar measures of sleepiness by ESS (p=0.280), but residents showed lower duration and lower subjective sleep quality. Conclusion: medical students and residents presented sleep deprivation, indicating the need for preventive actions in the medical area.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de sono e a sonolência diurna de residentes comparando com estudantes de medicina. Método: foram aplicados questionário sociodemográfico, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburg (PSQI) e Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) numa população de residentes e estudantes de medicina. Resultados: participaram 105 residentes e 101 estudantes da graduação médica. Os residentes apresentaram maior média do PSQI (6,76+2,81) com pior qualidade de sono quando comparados aos acadêmicos (5,90+2,39); ambos tiveram medidas semelhantes de sonolência pela ESE (p=0,280), porém os residentes mostraram menor duração e pior qualidade subjetiva de sono. Conclusão: estudantes e residentes apresentaram privação de sono indicando necessidade de ações preventivas na área médica.

Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male Brazilian adolescents / Uso da atividade física e da aptidão cardiorrespiratória na identificação de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em adolescentes Brasileiros

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely ≥ 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group.

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar o impacto da atividade física (AF) e níveis da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) na prevalência de excesso de peso e níveis hipertensivos em adolescentes. Estudo observacional, transversal, com 614 meninos de 10 a 14 anos, que foram avaliados quanto à estatura, massa corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal (CA) e pressão arterial (PA). Utilizou-se teste de corrida (Léger Test) para avaliar a APCR. O nível de AF foi avaliado por questionário (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall), classificando-os conforme prática < ou ≥ 300 minutos/semana. Estágio maturacional foi autoavaliado de acordo com o desenvolvimento dos pelos pubianos, proposto por Tanner. Testes estatísticos de análises descritivas, bivariada e multivariada foram utilizados. Do total, 50% dos escolares apresentaram AF < 300 minutos/semana e 67,6% com APCR insatisfatória. Indivíduos com alterações no IMC (excesso de peso), CA (obesidade abdominal) ou PA (valores hipertensivos) apresentaram maiores frequências de APCR insatisfatória em todas as faixas etárias, enquanto que o histórico de AF não se mostrou significativo. A APCR insatisfatória apresentou-se como melhor parâmetro para o diagnóstico de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (CV) do que o histórico de AF, independente da faixa etária.

Dermatological aspects influencing the practice of physical activities by obese individuals / Aspectos dermatológicos que influenciam a prática de atividades físicas em obesos

Abstract Objective : The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the major skin diseases affecting obese individuals and their influence on physical activity. Methods : Relevant articles were identified by systematically searching PubMed from 2000 to 2014, using the descriptors "skin diseases" and "obesity", "skin disease" and "obesity", "skin diseases" and "physical activity", "skin disease" and "physical activity". The PEDro Scale (in Brazilian Portuguese) was used to rate the methodological quality of the studies. Results : A total of 320 articles were examined in the first phase. In the end, 11 articles met the proposed criteria and were included for analysis in the systematic review. We investigated cutaneous manifestations of diseases and classified them according to their effects under 5 categories: metabolic (n = 10), aesthetic (n = 7), inflammatory (n = 6), mechanical (n = 5) and infectious (n = 3). The most frequent dermatoses among obese were acanthosis nigricans, acrochordon (skin tags), stretch marks, plantar keratodermia, intertrigo, bacterial and fungal infections. Acanthosis nigricans was found to be the most important metabolic implication of obesity. Conclusion : Although neglected, skin lesions are common in obesity and have implications for physical activity because they cause pain, discomfort, friction, infection, inflammation, embarrassment, limitation or difficulty of movement. Strategies to promote skin health may result in a better integration of physical activity into routine therapy and improve the quality of life of obese individuals.

Resumo Objetivo : O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar revisão sistemática das principais dermatoses no obeso e sua influência na prática de atividades físicas. Método : Os artigos relevantes foram identificados por busca sistemática no Pubmed, publicados de 2000 a 2014, com os descritores "skin diseases" e "obesity", "skin disease" e "obesity", "skin diseases" e "physical activity", "skin disease" e "physical activity Para a pontuação da qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi utilizada a Escala de PEDro - Português (Brasil). Resultados : A fase inicial totalizou 320 artigos. Ao final, após a verificação dos critérios propostos, foram mantidos 11 artigos para análise na revisão sistemática, que investigaram manifestações cutâneas classificadas em repercussões metabólicas (n=10), estéticas (n = 7), inflamatórias (n = 6), mecânicas (n = 5) e infecciosas (n = 3). As dermatoses mais frequentes foram acantose nigricans, acrocordons, estrias, ceratodermia plantar, intertrigo, infecções bacterianas e fúngicas, sendo as repercussões metabólicas, em especial, a acantose nigricansa principal representante. Conclusão : Embora negligenciadas, as lesões dermatológicas são comuns na obesidade e apresentam implicações nas atividades físicas pela dor, desconforto, atrito, infecção, inflamação, constrangimento, limitação ou dificuldade na execução dos movimentos. Ações de promoção da saúde cutânea podem resultar em melhor integração da atividade física na rotina terapêutica e na qualidade de vida do obeso.

Beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene association with overweight and asthma in children and adolescents and its relationship with physical fitness / Associação do gene ADRB2 com sobrepeso e asma em crianças e adolescentes e sua relação com a aptidão física

Objective: To investigate the association of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) with the occurrence of asthma and overweight and the gene's influence on anthropometric, clinic, biochemical and physical fitness variables in children and adolescents. Methods: Subjects were evaluated for allelic frequencies of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score, waist circumference (WC), pubertal stage, resting heart rate (HRres), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), Homeostasis Metabolic Assessment (HOMA2-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The participants were divided in four groups: overweight asthmatic (n=39), overweight non-asthmatic (n=115), normal weight asthmatic (n=12), and normal weight non-asthmatic (n=40). Results: Regarding the Gln27Glu polymorphism, higher total cholesterol was observed in usual genotype individuals than in genetic variant carriers (p=0.04). No evidence was found that the evaluated polymorphisms are influencing the physical fitness. The Arg16 allele was found more frequently among the normal weight asthmatic group when compared to the normal weight non-asthmatic group (p=0.02), and the Glu27 allele was more frequently found in the overweight asthmatics group when compared to the normal weight non-asthmatic group (p=0.03). Conclusions: The association of Arg16 allele with the occurrence of asthma and of the Glu27 allele with overweight asthmatic adolescents evidenced the contribution of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene to the development of obesity and asthma.

Objetivo: Investigar a associação dos polimorfismos Arg16Gly e Gln27Glu do gene receptor β2-adrenérgico (ADRB2) com a ocorrência de asma e sobrepeso, bem como a influência do gene sobre variáveis antropométricas, clínicas, bioquímicas e de aptidão física em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Os indivíduos foram avaliados quanto à frequência alélica do gene ADRB2, estatura, peso, índice de massa corporal, IMC-escore Z, circunferência abdominal, estágio puberal, frequência cardíaca de repouso, pressão arterial, colesterol total, glicose, insulina, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, triglicerídeos, Homeostasis Metabolic Assessment (HOMA2-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max). Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos: sobrepeso asmático (n=39), sobrepeso não asmático (n=115), peso normal asmático (n=12) e peso normal não asmático (n=40). Resultados: Com relação ao polimorfismo Gln27Glu, foi observado maior valor de colesterol total nos indivíduos do genótipo usual do que naqueles que carregam a variante (p=0,04). Não foi encontrada evidência de que os polimorfismos avaliados influenciem a aptidão física. O alelo Arg16 foi encontrado em maior frequência no grupo de peso normal asmático comparado com o grupo de peso normal não asmático (p=0,02) e o alelo Glu27 foi mais frequentemente encontrado no grupo de sobrepeso asmático comparado com o grupo de peso normal não asmático (p=0,03). Conclusões: A associação do alelo Arg16 com a ocorrência de asma e a associação do alelo Glu27 com adolescentes com sobrepeso asmáticos evidenciam a contribuição do gene ADBR2 para o desenvolvimento da obesidade e da asma.

Frequência de síndrome metabólica em escolares / Frequency of metabolic syndrome in scholares / Frequencia del síndrome metabólico en estudiantes

Objetivo: Comparar a frequência de síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças e adolescentes com e sem excesso de peso de uma escola de Curitiba. Métodos: Participaram 182 indivíduos, entre 10 e 16 anos de idade. A SM foi classificada pela presença de 3 ou mais dos critérios do Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII), adaptado por Leite et al (2009). Foi utilizado o teste T Student e Qui-Quadrado (p<0,05).Resultados: A SM ocorreu em 13,7% com proporções semelhantes entre os gêneros(x²=0,12; p=0,913). Foi observada maior freqüência de SM nos escolares com excesso de peso em relação aos com peso adequado (x²=36,019; p=0,00). Os componentes mais alterados foram: HDL-c e circunferência abdominal. Conclusão: Observou-se elevada proporção de SM em crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso.

Objective: To assess the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescent with and without overweight from school of Curitiba. Methods: Participated 182 subjects aged between 10 – 16 years. They were classified as having MS since they present 3 or more Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, adapted by Leite et al(2009). The T test and the Chi-square test was used (p<0,05). Results: MS was present in13.7%, with similar proportions of boys and girls (x²=0,12; p=0,913). MS was more frequently observed in scholars with overweight compared to normal weight (x²=36,019;p=0,00). The components most affected were: HDL-C and waist circumference. Conclusion: The results indicated a high MS frequency in children and adolescents with overweight.

Objetivo: Comparar la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) en los niños y adolescentes con y sin exceso de peso, de la escuela de Curitiba. Métodos: Participaron 182 sujeto,entre 10 y 16 años de edad. El SM fue clasificado por la presencia de 3 o más de loscriterios del Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII), adaptado por Leite et al (2009). Se utilizóel test T Student y test chi-cuadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: El SM ocurrió en 13,7% conproporciones semejantes entre géneros (x²=0,12; p=0,913). El SM se vio en frecuenciaen los estudiantes con exceso de peso en relación con adecuado (x²=36,019; p=0,000).Los componentes más alterados son: HDL-c y circunferencia de la cintura. Conclusión: Se vio la elevación de la proporción del SM en niños y adolescentes con exceso de peso.

Hábitos solares, queimaduras e fotoproteção em atletas de meia maratona / Solar exposition, burns and photoprotection in half marathon athletes

Meia maratona é competição desenvolvida ao ar livre, considerada como prática em expansão e de grande exposição solar. Verificar hábitos solares e frequência de queimaduras em atletas de meia maratona. Estudo transversal de 220 atletas, de ambos os sexos, de 18 a 68 anos, que participaram da meia maratona de setembro de 2012, na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Todos preencheram questionário sobre lesões cutâneas, bem como hábitos de exposição e proteção solar. Utilizou-se a análise de freqüência para descrever as prevalências, sendo que para as associações foram aplicados os testes de Qui-quadrado. Predominou atletas masculinos, adultos, praticantes de corrida de longa distância, procedentes do sul do Brasil (86,3%), e com pele branca (74%). Cerca de 13,2% dos atletas declararam alta sensibilidade da pele e facilidade de se queimar quando exposto ao sol. A maior adesão ao filtro solar foi verificada no sexo feminino, que apresenta frequência de aplicações diárias em maior proporção do que os homens. A prevalência de queimadura solar não se mostrou significativamente associada ao sexo (15% homens e 20,4% mulheres, p=0,359; x2=0,839). Neste grupo de atletas, identificou-se que os hábitos solares adotados são impróprios pela exposição que ocorre na prática esportiva. Há necessidade de ampliar medidas fotoprotetoras para adeptos de meia maratona e outros esportes ao ar livre.

Half marathon competition is developed outdoors, considered expanding practical and great sun exposure. To assess sun habits and frequency of burns in elite half marathon. Cross-sectional study of 220 athletes, of both sexes, 18-68 years old, who participated in the half marathon in September 2012 in the city of Curitiba - PR. All completed a questionnaire about skin lesions, as well as habits of exposure and sun protection. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square. The predominant male athletes, adults, runners long distance, coming from southern Brazil (86.3%), and white (74%). Approximately 13.2% of the athletes reported high sensitivity and ease of skin burn when exposed to the sun. A greater adherence to sunscreen was observed in females, which features daily frequency applications in greater proportion than men. The prevalence of sunburn was not significantly associated with gender (15% men and 20.4% women, p = 0.359, x2 = 0.839). In this group of athletes, it was identified that the sun habits are inadequate sports practice. There is need to expand photoprotective measures for half marathon enthusiasts and other outdoor sports.

Indicadores antropométricos e pressão arterial em escolares / Anthropometric measures and blood pressure in school children

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre pressão arterial e índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal, razão cintura/estatura e dobra cutânea tricipital em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, do qual participaram 1.441 escolares de 10 a 16 anos de idade (655 meninos e 786 meninas), selecionados por amostragem aleatória sistemática. Avaliaram-se a massa corporal, a estatura, a circunferência abdominal, a espessura da dobra cutânea tricipital, as pressões arteriais - sistólica e diastólica - o estágio maturacional e a classe econômica. Utilizaram-se os testes de correlação parcial de Pearson e a regressão logística multivariada, considerando-se p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Todos os indicadores antropométricos demonstraram fracas correlações com os níveis sistólicos e diastólicos, com coeficientes (r) variando de 0,18 a 0,28 (p < 0,001). Na análise multivariada, os únicos preditores antropométricos associados ao risco de pressão arterial elevada foram o índice de massa corporal (OR = 2,9; IC 95%: 1,9-4,5) e a dobra cutânea tricipital (OR = 1,9; IC 95%: 1,3-3,1), independentes da adiposidade abdominal, maturação sexual e nível econômico. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta faixa etária, a adiposidade corporal total parece ser melhor determinante do risco de elevação da pressão arterial do que a adiposidade abdominal.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of blood pressure and body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and triceps skinfold, in children and adolescents in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1,441 students from public schools, aged from10 to 16 years (655 boys and 786 girls). The following indicators were assessed: weight, height, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pubertal stage, and socioeconomic status. Pearson correlation tests and multivariate logistic regression were used, considering p < 0.05. RESULTS: We found weak correlations among all the anthropometric parameters and systolic and diastolic levels, with coefficients values ranging from 0.18 to 0.28 (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only body mass index [odds ratio (OR) = 2.9; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.9-4.5] and triceps skinfold (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.3-3.1) were found as predictors of high blood pressure, regardless of abdominal adiposity, sexual maturation and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Total body adiposity seems to be a better predictor of high blood pressure risk than abdominal fat in this population.

Análise da qualidade de vida e do nível de atividade física em universitários / Analysis of the quality of life and physical activity level in undergraduate students

O estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade de vida e o nível de atividade física em universitários. Participaram 178 universitários (83 do sexo masculino e 95 do sexo feminino). Mensuraram-se a qualidade de vida, pelo WHOQOL-Bref, e o nível de atividade física, por intermédio do IPAQ. Em relação à qualidade de vida, os indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentaram valores maiores que os das mulheres, mas com diferenças significativas apenas para o domínio físico, psicológico e qualidade de vida geral. Em sua maioria, os participantes foram classificados como ativos e muito ativos (homens=71,1% e mulheres=53,7%), os homens apresentando níveis mais elevados de atividade física. As correlações entre os domínios da qualidade de vida e o nível de atividade física foram fortes e positivas para ambos os sexos. Conclui-se que os domínios da qualidade de vida e o nível de atividade física apresentam diferenças entre os sexos e demonstram fortes relações positivas em universitários.

The study aimed to analyze the quality of life and physical activity level in undergraduate students. Participated in the study 178 undergraduate students (83 males and 95 females). Quality of life was measured by WHOQOL-Bref, and the physical activity level, through the IPAQ. Regarding the quality of life, the male subjects showed higher values for women, however, only with significant differences in the physical domain, psychological domain and overall quality of life. Most participants were classified as active and very active (men=71.1% and women=53.7%), with men showing higher levels of physical activity. The correlations between the quality of life domains and physical activity levels were strong and positive for both genders. We concluded that the domains of quality of life and physical activity level differ between the genders and show positive strong relationships in undergraduate students.

Pressão arterial elevada, excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal em crianças e adolescentes / High blood pressure, overweigth and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a frequência de pressão arterial elevada em meninos e meninas de 10 a 16 anos de idade, analisando sua associação com o excesso de peso corporal e a obesidade abdominal. Foram avaliadas 764 crianças e adolescentes (365 meninos e 399 meninas) provenientes de cinco escolas da rede pública de Curitiba. Avaliaram-se a estatura, o peso corporal, a circunferência abdominal e as pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica de repouso. Foram utilizados o teste t de Student e Qui-Quadrado. Para todas as análises considerou-se p<0,05. As frequências de pressão arterial elevada e de excesso de peso corporal nos escolares foram iguais a 18,6% e 30,8%, respectivamente. Em 33,1% dos alunos constatou-se obesidade abdominal. Neste estudo a prevalência de pressão arterial elevada constitui um fator a ser investigado.

This study was to investigate the frequency of elevated blood pressure in boys and girls aged 10-16 years, and its association with overweight and abdominal obesity. A total of 764 children and adolescents (365 boys and 399 girls) from five public schools of Curitiba City had their height, weight, waist circumference, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured. Body mass index (kg/m²) was classified in accordance with national reference, for age and gender. Student T-test, Chi-squared Test were calculated. For all analysis, the level of significance was set at p<0,05. Elevated blood pressure and overweight, respectively, were frequent in 18,6% and 30,8% of the students, similarly between genders (p≥0,05). The abdominal obesity was in 33,1%.In this study the prevalence of high blood pressure shows a factor to be investigated.