RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal condition worldwide with variable severity and complications. Alcohol and gallstones are the leading causes of acute pancreatitis, while pancreatic ischemia is uncommon. Although venous thrombosis, especially adjacent to the inflamed pancreas, is a common complication of acute pancreatitis, arterial thrombosis secondary to pancreatitis has rarely been described. On the other hand, arterial thromboembolic events, secondary to cardiovascular diseases, are a rare cause of pancreatic ischemia. Herein, we present an interesting case of acute ischemic pancreatitis secondary to aortic atheromatosis complicated with multi-organ infarcts. DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE: An 80-year-old male patient presented with nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting accompanied by peripheral edema and ascites. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging investigation showed acute moderate to severe pancreatitis with multiple splenic and renal infarcts. An intraluminal free-floating aortic thrombus, secondary to atheromatosis of the descending aorta, was the cause of the complications. A conservative approach was successfully implemented, including supportive measures, antiplatelets, and vasodilators. CONCLUSION: Identification of acute pancreatitis' cause, especially in the setting of a systemic disease like atheromatosis, is a challenging task and of great importance, given the implications on treatment decision-making and prevention of recurrent episodes. HIPPOKRATIA 2021, 25 (3):138-140.