Relationship between the combination of polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and psychological distress during pregnancy: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.

No studies have examined the association of the combination of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-6 PUFAs intake with psychological distress during pregnancy. To examine these associations, we divided Japanese pregnant women into 25 groups based on combining quintiles of n-3 PUFAs intake and quintiles of n-6 PUFAs intake. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess the risk of psychological distress during pregnancy (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥ 5 or 13). Compared to the third quintile of both n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs intake, the groups with unbalanced intake, high intake of both, and low intake of both were associated with a higher risk of both Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥ 5 and 13 in early and mid-pregnancy. Further research is needed to identify the precise combination of n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs intake associated with the lowest psychological distress during pregnancy.

[Surgical treatment of an endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor].

A 62-year old man with an abnormal chest radiograph was referred to our hospital for further evaluation. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a 3.0 cm tumor on the hilum of the right S3 segment. Bronchofiberscopic findings showed a polypoid tumor arising from right B3. Brushing cytology under bronchofiberscopy couldnot diagnose the tumor. The tentative preoperative diagnosis was primary lung cancer or a metastatic lung tumor. To confirm the histopathological diagnosis, a right upper lobectomy was performed. Intraoperative histopathological examination showed a pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor.

Characterization and biological evaluation of the introduction of PLGA into biosilicate®.

The aims of this study were to characterize different BS/PLGA composites for their physicochemical and morphological characteristics and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biological performance. The physicochemical and morphological modifications were analyzed by pH, mass loss, XRD, setting time, and SEM. For in vitro analysis, the osteoblast and fibroblast viability was evaluated. For in vivo evaluations, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed in a tibial defect in rats. After incubation, all composites presented lower values in pH and mass loss over time. Moreover, XRD and SEM analysis confirmed that the composites degraded over time. Additionally, pore formation was observed by SEM analysis after incubation mainly in BS/PLGA groups. BS/PLGA showed significantly increased in osteoblast viability 24 h. Moreover, BS/PLGA composites demonstrated an increase in fibroblast viability in all periods analyzed when compared to BS. In the in vivo study, after 2 and 6 weeks of implantation of biomaterials, histopathological findings revealed that the BS/PLGA composites degrades over time, mainly at periphery. Moreover, can be observed the presence of granulation tissue, bone formation, Runx-2, and RANKL immunoexpression in all groups. In conclusion, BS/PLGA composites present appropriate physicochemical characteristics, stimulate the cellular viability, and enhance the bone repair in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1063-1074, 2017.

Transurethral resection in prostatic cancer.

Complications arising from transurethral and open subcapsular prostatectomy were studied in 121 patients with prostatic cancer and in 121 patients matched in age and prostate weight who had undergone prostatectomy for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). After transurethral resection, cancer patients had a significantly longer hospital stay than did patients with BPH (P less than 0.01) and more had complications, such as perforation and bleeding. Compared to transurethral prostatectomy, open resection resulted in greater blood loss and more complications for the cancer patients. It is concluded that transurethral resection is as safe for most cancer patients as it is for patients with BPH, but the dangers of massive bleeding and dissemination of the cancer cells should not be overlooked.

Urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy.

The incidence of urinary tract infections was determined in 1,660 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy. Preoperative infection was found in 25% of all patients and in 35% of the 276 patients aged 80 years or over. Of the 1,251 patients without a preoperative infection, 17% had postoperative infections. The incidence of new postoperative infection was significantly related to the duration of surgery and the weight of the resected prostate. The incidence of infection was higher in summer than in winter months.

Epididymitis after transurethral prostatectomy.

Transurethral prostatectomy was performed in 2,407 patients and open subcapsular prostatectomy in 308 patients. Postsurgical epididymitis developed in 1.0% of the patients undergoing transurethral resection and in 3.2% of the patients undergoing open resection (P less than 0.05). Factors associated with the incidence of epididymitis, such as prostate weight and operating time, were also associated with the incidence of urinary tract infection. Epididymitis was significantly associated with the presence of preoperative catheterization and postoperative urinary tract infection.

Comparison of transurethral and open subcapsular prostatectomy: relation to weight of the prostate.

The results of transurethral prostatectomy in 2,269 men and open subcapsular prostatectomy in 300 men were compared. The only significant differences between the two groups were in the duration of hospital stay (18.3 vs 26.2 days) and the number of days that the drainage catheter was indwelling (5.4 days in the transurethral and 10.9 days in the open surgery group [P less than 0.01, both comparisons]). Blood loss, the need for transfusion, the amount of blood transfused, and the duration of surgery, catheterization, and hospital stay were all related to prostate size. Transurethral resection was superior to open resection for prostates weighing less than 20 gm; prostates of 20 gm to 30 gm were the easiest to enucleate.

Fulminant hepatitis following bone marrow transplantation in hepatitis B virus carrier siblings.

A 19-year-old male healthy hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier developed fulminant hepatitis following allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from his brother, who was also a healthy HBV carrier, during the first complete remission of acute myelogenic leukemia (M1, FAB classification). Serum markers related to both HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were elevated during active liver injury when a point mutation in the precore (pre-C) region occurred in the HBV. The patient received low-dose interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), while the dose of cyclosporin A was tapered; the patient eventually recovered from the liver injury. Fulminant hepatitis due to HBV and/or HCV following BMT is rare, and it is considered to have a very poor prognosis. The rationale for the use of low-dose IFN-alpha with cyclosporin A (CyA) is discussed.

The effects of physical activity on rehabilitation for acute hepatitis.

We studied 19 patients with acute hepatitis who were instructed to follow a 5-stage exercise regimen. The mean period of hospitalization was 31.9 days, slightly shorter than the mean duration for acute hepatitis patients. The exercise program had no adverse effects on the patients. They returned to works an average of 9.5 days after discharge, demonstrating a marked reduction in the rehabilitation period. Hepatitis should be primarily treated under the internist's management. However, physical exercise should be recognized as an equally important treatment modality.

Evaluation of blood cultures following laparoscopy.

To determine the incidence of transient bacteremia associated with laparoscopy, a prospective study was carried out in 113 patients with diverse liver diseases. Blood samples for aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained for each patient immediately before laparoscopy, within three minutes after creation of pneumoperitoneum and within three minutes after needle biopsy of the liver. Five subjects were culture positive, and all isolates were of the propionibacterium species. Positive cultures did not correlate with the nature of underlying liver disease, and none of these patients developed clinical evidence of bacterial infection. Positive isolates might be assumed to be contaminants, but the fact propionibacterium has been known to cause endocarditis cannot be ignored. Until further evidence accumulates, antibiotic coverage in "high risk" patients with cardiac lesions who are predisposed to endocarditis undergoing laparoscopy may be warranted.

A case of microhepatoma associated with schistosomiasis japonica diagnosed by enhanced ultrasonography after hepatic intraarterial injection of carbon dioxide gas.

The patient was a 58-year old man whose complaints were generalized malaise and right epigastralgia. He had liver cirrhosis and schistosomiasis japonica, previously diagnosed by laparoscopy. Computed tomography (CT) showed a high density funicular shadow in the liver. However no tumorous lesions in the liver were visualized. Ultrasonography (US) of the liver showed a reticulate or scaly pattern, but no images of tumorous lesions. Hepatic angiography showed a single, deeply colored image about 1cm in diameter, in the segmentum anterosuperior. Preoperative and intraoperative enhanced US with hepatic intraarterial injection of carbon dioxide gas was performed. It showed a hyperechoic tumor shadow about 1cm in the segmentum anterior. The segmentum anterosuperior including the tumor was partially resected. Pathologically, the tumor was found to be a hepatoma of Edmondson type II, caused by cirrhosis and schistosomiasis japonica. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Enhanced US with hepatic intraarterial injection of carbon dioxide gas was useful for the diagnosis and treatment of the microhepatoma associated with schistosomiasis japonica.

[A model of quality of life in the patients with Crohn's disease].

PURPOSE: To identify the integrated impact of psychological, social, and clinical factors onto the quality of life (QOL) in the patients with Crohn's disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty two out-patients participated in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in which health-related QOL (SF36), disease-specific symptoms, psychological adaptation and social support were measured. Multi-variable regression models were used to test the impact of clinical, psychological, and social factors on the patient's QOL and symptom reports. RESULTS: The patient's symptoms and health-related QOL were significantly associated not only with disease activities, but also with the patient's psychological adaptation and the quality of social support. CONCLUSION: The results strongly suggest that a psychoeducational intervention may be useful in combination with a clinical intervention to improve the patient's QOL.