Comparison of endoscopic and pathological findings of the upper gastrointestinal tract in transplant candidate patients undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis treatment: a review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Dyspepsia is a common disorder in kidney transplant recipients, and the risk of post-transplant complications is increased in candidates with upper gastrointestinal disease. We evaluated gastrointestinal lesions of kidney transplant candidates on dialysis. METHODS: In this study, endoscopic and pathological findings in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms on the waiting list were compared. RESULTS: The most common non-ulcerous lesions in the endoscopic examination were gastritis (62.3%), erosive gastritis (38.7%), duodenal erosion or duodenitis (18.9%) and esophagitis (13.2%). The ulcerous lesion was present in only 3 patients. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcerated lesion and non-ulcerated lesion rates were similar in both dialysis groups. Histopathological examination revealed Helicobacter pylori (HP) positivity in 28.3% of patients. HP positivity rate was significantly higher in PD patients than in HD patients (38.7% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.046). Chronic gastritis (75.5%) was the most common pathological finding. HP positivity rate was 37.5% in patients with chronic gastritis, but HP was negative in patients without chronic gastritis. In multivariate analysis, male gender, urea and albumin levels were associated with the presence of pathological chronic gastritis. The presence of gastritis, total cholesterol and ferritin levels were found significant for HP positivity. A total cholesterol > 243 mg/dL was significantly related to an increased risk of the presence of HP positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal lesions and HP infection are common in dialysis patients. Dialysis modality may affect the frequency of some lesions. It may be useful to have an endoscopic examination before entering the transplant waiting list for all candidates.

Effect of fluid management guided by bioimpedance spectroscopy on cardiovascular parameters in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Fluid overload is the main determinant of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients. However, assessment of fluid overload can be difficult in clinical practice. We investigated whether objective measurement of fluid overload with bioimpedance spectroscopy is helpful in optimizing fluid status. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, and controlled study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 156 hemodialysis patients from 2 centers were randomly assigned to 2 groups. INTERVENTION: Dry weight was assessed by routine clinical practice and fluid overload was assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy in both groups. In the intervention group (n = 78), fluid overload information was provided to treating physicians and used to adjust fluid removal during dialysis. In the control group (n = 78), fluid overload information was not provided to treating physicians and fluid removal during dialysis was adjusted according to usual clinical practice. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was regression of left ventricular mass index during a 1-year follow-up. Improvement in blood pressure and left atrial volume were the main secondary outcomes. Changes in arterial stiffness parameters were additional outcomes. MEASUREMENTS: Fluid overload was assessed twice monthly in the intervention group and every 3 months in the control group before the mid- or end-week hemodialysis session. Echocardiography, 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement, and pulse wave analysis were performed at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS: Baseline fluid overload parameters in the intervention and control groups were 1.45 ± 1.11 (SD) and 1.44 ± 1.12 L, respectively (P = 0.7). Time-averaged fluid overload values significantly decreased in the intervention group (mean difference, -0.5 ± 0.8 L), but not in the control group (mean difference, 0.1 ± 1.2 L), and the mean difference between groups was -0.5 L (95% CI, -0.8 to -0.2; P = 0.001). Left ventricular mass index regressed from 131 ± 36 to 116 ± 29 g/m(2) (P < 0.001) in the intervention group, but not in the control group (121 ± 35 to 120 ± 30 g/m(2); P = 0.9); mean difference between groups was -10.2 g/m(2) (95% CI, -19.2 to -1.17 g/m(2); P = 0.04). In addition, values for left atrial volume index, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness parameters decreased in the intervention group, but not in the control group. LIMITATIONS: Ambulatory blood pressure data were not available for all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of fluid overload with bioimpedance spectroscopy provides better management of fluid status, leading to regression of left ventricular mass index, decrease in blood pressure, and improvement in arterial stiffness.

Does surgeon specialization add value to surgeon volume in gastric cancer surgery?

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the combined impact of surgeon specialization and surgeon volume on both short- and long-term outcomes in patients underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS: Patients with cStage1-3 gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative-intent surgery between January 2010 and December 2020 were evaluated. The impact of surgeon specialization and surgeon volume on clinical outcomes was scrutinized, both individually and in combination. For the purpose of assessing the combined effect, surgeons were classified into three groups: Non-specialized low-volume (NS-low), non-specialized high-volume (NS-high), and specialized high-volume (S-high). Postoperative outcomes and survival were evaluated. The adjusted effect sizes were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Total of 537 patients operated by twelve surgeons were included in the analysis. For all cohort, the 30d-, in-hospital and 90d-mortality were 3.5%, 3%, and 6.3%, respectively. High surgeon volume alone had a significant impact (OR: 0.31 [0.10-0.82, p = 0.023]) on 30-day mortality. However, upon evaluating the combined effects of the parameters, while the most favorable 30-day mortality rate was observed in the S-high group, neither the NS-low group (OR: 3.82 [1.10-18.17, p = 0.054]) nor the NS-high group (OR: 1.37 [0.23-8.37, p = 0.724]) demonstrated a statistically significant difference when compared to the S-high group. The NS-low group showed poor results for several types of postoperative outcomes. In terms of overall survival, the S-high group outperformed, while the NS-low and NS-high groups presented with notably worse outcomes (HRs: 2.04 [1.51-2.75, p < 0.001], and 1.75 [1.25-2.44, p = 0.001], respectively). CONCLUSION: The primary factor influencing short-term outcomes for patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery was found to be surgeon volume, while specialization provided a limited additional value. However, specialization emerges as an independent factor with a greater contribution to long-term survival than the impact attributed to high-volume.

Outcomes of the Use of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Wound Dressings for the Treatment of Partial-Thickness Facial Burns.

The purpose of this study was to assess clinical, functional and cosmetic outcomes of the use of hyaluronic acid-based wound dressings for partial-thickness facial burns. Patients with partial-thickness facial burns hospitalized at the Burn Center between April 2014 and April 2017 were evaluated. Data pertaining to demographic characteristics, etiology, and degree of burn and percentage of burn to TBSA were collected. Pain, infection rates, reapplication rates, length of hospital stay, duration of healing, and presence of scar formation were analyzed. Median percentage of burn to TBSA was 15% (interquartile range [IQR]: 9-20). Fifteen patients had only facial burns, while 39 patients had burns on other parts of the body in addition to the face. Nine patients had deep partial-thickness burns, while 45 had superficial partial-thickness burns. Median length of hospital stay was 7 days (IQR: 3-15) for the entire study population and 4 days (IQR: 2-7.5) for patients who had only facial burns. Median healing time was 9 days (IQR: 7-12). Fifty-one (94%) patients had a Vancouver Scar Scale score of zero at 6 months. Use of hyaluronic acid-based wound dressings for facial burns is an effective and safe option.

Comparison of all renal replacement therapy modalities in terms of COVID-19 infection rate & mortality in the COVID-19 pandemic and importance of home therapies.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the infection rate and infection-related mortality among all renal replacement therapies during the COVID-19 pandemics. METHODS: One thousand three hundred thirty-six end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who had applied for renal replacement therapy between March 2020 and January 2021 were included in the study. COVID-19 infection and mortality rates were compared between patient groups. RESULTS: The COVID-19 infection rate in the whole study group was 13.12% (n: 178). The highest infection rate was in the center hemodialysis, 16.33% (n: 139). There was no COVID-19 infection in home hemodialysis (HHD). Mortality rate was 2.87% (n: 39) in the whole cohort and 3.87% (n: 33) in center hemodialysis (CHD), 1.47% (n:5) in kidney transplant (Tx), and 0.81% (n: 1) in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) group. COVID-19 infection rate of home replacement therapy (HRT) (n: 39) patients was significantly lower than CHD (n: 139) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 infection rate and mortality were significantly lower than those of CHD in all home-based modalities subgroups.

Bioimpedance spectroscopy for the detection of hypervolemia in peritoneal dialysis patients.

A practical, inexpensive, and reliable method is needed for the assessment of volume status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) for detection of hypervolemia. The study enrolled 79 prevalent PD patients (mean age: 47 +/- 14 years; PD duration: 30 +/- 17 months; 55% men; 19% with diabetes) from a single center. Echocardiography and body composition analysis using the BIS technique [50 frequencies (Body Composition Monitor: Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany)] were performed. Overhydration (OH) and extracellular water (ECW) in liters and OH/ECW ratio were used as volume indices. The mean left ventricular (LV) mass index was 117 +/- 37 g/m2, and 46% of patients had LV hypertrophy (LVH). Mean OH and OH/ECW ratio were 1.3 +/- 1.7 L and 7.6% +/- 9.3% respectively The OH/ ECW ratio correlated with LV mass index (r = 0.237, p < 0.036) and with left atrium index (r = 0.354, p < 0.001). Compared with patients not having LVH, patients with LVH had higher OH values (1.79 +/- 1.82 L vs 0.93 +/- 1.62 L, p = 0.003). In linear regression analysis, the OH/ECW ratio was an independent risk factor for LVH (t = 2.558, p = 0.01). In PD patients, BIS is a reliable method for evaluating volume status. The OH/ECW measured by BIS is a major determinant of LV mass. Control of hypervolemia and blood pressure is associated with better cardiac condition.

The relationship between lymphocyte subsets, nutritional status and tuberculin reactivity in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.

AIM: Skin test anergy is common in patients with uremia and during maintenance hemodialysis treatment. However, up to date only one study concerning skin test in peritoneal dialysis patients has focused on the issue. Our cross-sectional controlled study was conducted to analyze the correlation of purified protein derivative (PPD) test response with demographical features, nutritional parameters and the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients PATIENTS AND METHODS: Stable 30 hemodialysis (HD) patients (16 men, 14 women) and 30 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (17 men, 13 women) were included. Thirty healthy cases (15 men, 15 women) with a mean age of 32.4 ± 9.4 constituted the control group. RESULTS: In the HD group, 14 patients (46.6%) were PPD positive, and in the PD group 16 patients (53.3%) were PPD positive. In the PPD-positive HD patients 64.2% (9/14), and in the PPD-positive PD patients 62.4% (10/16) had an induration of 10 mm or greater. In the control group, 21 of 30 patients (70%) were PPD positive. Comparison of both HD and PD groups with the control group showed significant differences in PPD reactivity (p < 0.01). Albumin levels were significantly high in the control groups (p < 0.01), and cholesterol levels were significantly high in the PD and the control groups (p < 0.05). Transferrin levels were significantly high in the PD (p < 0.01). The lymphocyte counts were significantly high in the control group compared to the HD patients (p < 0.05). The lymphocyte subset percentages CD19 were high in the control groups (p < 0.05), and CD16/56 was significantly high in the PD groups (p < 0.05). All the parameters were also similar between PPD-positive and -negative same groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PPD positivity was lower in the PD and HD groups. The PPD test responses were not related to the peripheral lymphocyte counts, subsets and malnutrition parameters.

Open adrenalectomy: A 20-year review of our experience in a developing country.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to present our 20-year experience regarding open adrenalectomy (OA) during laparoscopic era in a developing country Turkey. Materials and Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study of patients with adrenal mass undergoing OA in the surgery department of our hospital, between January 1993 and January 2013, was carried out. All operations were performed by two surgeons. Results: Ninety patients who underwent OA in our clinic were reviewed retrospectively. The mean number of adrenal operations per month during this period was 0.38 ± 0.12. The patient included 35 men (38.8%) and 55 women (61.2%), with a mean age of 46.4 ± 17 years. The mean body mass index was 28.4 ± 5.25, and the mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.6 ± 0.57. The mean operative time was 88 ± 27 min. The mean maximum diameter of all the lesions was 4.8 ± 1.3 cm (range: 1.2-21 cm). The mean blood loss was 118 ± 23 ml during the operations. Postoperative complications were observed in four patients (5.5%). There was no mortality. The length of hospital stay was 6.2 ± 2.1 days. The most frequent type of the histological type was benign adenoma (48.8%). Conclusion: OA in a developing country is a safe method as an alternative for laparoscopic adrenalectomy which has a difficult learning curve.

RésuméIntroduction: Le but de cette étude est de présenter nos 20 ans dæexpérience de læadrénalectomie ouverte (OA) lors de la laparoscopie dans un pays en développement. Matériaux et méthodes: Une étude rétrospective et descriptive a été prévue dans le service de chirurgie générale de notre hôpital, incluant des patients ayant subi entre janvier 1993 et janvier 2013 une adrénalectomie ouverte pour une masse adrrénalienne. Toutes les opérations ont été effectuées par 2 chirurgiens. Résultats: Quatre-vingt-dix patients qui ont subi une adrénalectomie ouverte dans notre clinique ont été évalués rétrospectivement. Le nombre moyen dæopérations adrénaliennes par mois au cours de cette période était de 0,38 ± 0,12. Læâge moyen des patients était de 46,4 ± 17 ans: 35 (38,8%) étaient des hommes et 55 (61,2%) étaient des femmes. Læindice de masse corporelle (IMC) moyen était de 28,4 ± 5,25 et le score moyen de læAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) était de 2,6 ± 0,57. La durée moyenne d'opération était de 88 ± 27 minutes. Le diamètre moyen de toutes les lésions était de 4,8 ± 1,3 cm (entre 1,2 et 21 cm). La quantité moyenne de saignements rencontrés au cours des opérations était de 118 ± 23 ml. Des complications postopératoires ont été observées chez quatre patients (5,5%). La mortalité næa été observée chez aucun des patients. La durée moyenne dæhospitalisation était de 6,2 ± 2,1 jours. Le type histologique le plus courant était læadénome bénin (48,8%). Conclusion: Dans un pays en développement, læadrénalectomie ouverte est une alternative sûre à læadrénalectomie laparoscopique qui a une courbe dæapprentissage difficile.

Long-term effects of losartan on proteinuria and renal function in patients with renal amyloidosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan on proteinuria in secondary amyloidosis cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with renal biopsy-proven AA amyloidosis with proteinuria were included in the study. All the patients had received colchicine treatment for at least 18 months. The patients were divided into two groups with similar age and gender distributions. Eight patients were given losartan at a dose of 50 mg/day for 12 months and the other 8 patients served as controls. Mean arterial blood pressure, proteinuria, serum albumin level and renal function were determined at the initiation of the study and after 1 and 12 months. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in proteinuria, serum albumin level, renal function or mean arterial blood pressure at the initiation of the study. In the losartan group daily proteinuria decreased significantly from 5.2 +/- 0.7 g at the initiation of the study to 3.9 +/- 1.2 g at 1 month and 3.6 +/- 0.8 g at 12 months, while in the control group it changed from 4.6 +/- 1.0 g to 4.7 +/- 1.0 g and 6.1 +/- 1.2 g, respectively. The increment at 12 months was significant. After 12 months of treatment with losartan, proteinuria was significantly lower in comparison to the degree of proteinuria in the control group. Serum albumin level increased significantly in the losartan group but was unchanged in the control group. In the control group, creatinine clearance showed a significant decrease. There was no significant difference in mean arterial blood pressure measurements, serum creatinine levels, total protein, albumin and creatinine clearance levels between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Losartan seemed to prevent an increase in proteinuria without altering the creatinine clearance level in patients with amyloidosis type AA during a 12-month period. This indicates that losartan may be used to decrease proteinuria in this patient group. However, our results are only preliminary and need to be confirmed by larger studies.

Angiotensin-II receptor antagonist losartan reduces microalbuminuria in hypertensive renal transplant recipients.

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that losartan lowers macroproteinuria in diabetic or non-diabetic renal transplant recipients (RTx) similar to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Microalbuminuria (MAU) may reflect subclinical hyperfiltration damage of the glomerulus. It could be a marker of kidney dysfunction in renal transplantation. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of losartan in hypertensive RTx with MAU. This study was conducted in 17 (M/F: 4/13) stable RTx. No change was made in the medical treatment of the patients. All cases received 50 mg/day losartan therapy for 12 wk. Renal functions and MAU were determined 12 and 6 wk and just before the treatment as well as sixth and twelfth week of the treatment in all patients. Losartan satisfactorily lowered systemic blood pressure. A significant reduction in MAU was observed from 103 +/- 53 microg/min at the beginning to 59 +/- 25 microg/min in the sixth week and 47 +/- 24 microg/min in the twelfth week (p=0.0007 and 0.0005, respectively). From the sixth week of the treatment, the therapy significantly decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte levels but did not change mean leukocyte and platelet counts, urea, creatinine levels and creatinine clearances. No serious side-effect was observed during the study. In conclusion, we found that losartan decreased MAU in hypertensive RTx. For that reason, it might be considered as the first choise antihypertensive agent for the renoprotection in selected patients.

Prevalence of transfusion transmitted virus infection and its effect on renal graft survival in renal transplant recipients.

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the prevalence of transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) infection in renal transplant recipients (RTxs) and its effects on allograft survival. We investigated the prevalence of TTV and its effects on liver injury and graft survival in RTxs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in 33 consecutive RTxs (8 females, 25 males) and 100 blood donors (35 females, 65 males). A nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect TTV DNA in serum. Serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and 24-h protein excretion were determined in both TTV-positive and-negative patients. The total number of blood transfusions, the duration of hemodialysis and the total duration after transplantation were recorded in RTxs. In addition, hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus DNA antibodies were determined in all patients. RESULTS: TTV DNA was detected in 51.5% of RTxs and in 7% of the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In the RTx group, 64.7% of TTV-positive and 56.2% of TTV-negative patients had undergone a previous blood transfusion. However, the blood transfusion replacement rate, total duration of dialysis therapy and posttransplant period did not differ between these two groups. Five (15.1%) patients in the RTx group had abnormal liver function tests (ALT >40 IU/l). Of these patients, 2 were anti-HCV-positive, 1 was HBsAg-positive and anti-HCV- plus TTV DNA-positive and the serologic tests of the remaining 2 patients were all negative. Among the TTV-positive patients, 2 (11.7%) were anti-HCV-positive, 1 (5.8%) was HBsAg-positive and 3 (17.6%) were HGV DNA-positive. The baseline serum creatinine levels did not differ significantly between the TTV-positive and-negative patients, being 1.5 +/- 0.6 and 1.4 +/- 0.6 mg/dl, respectively ( p > 0.05). Two of the TTV-positive patients and 1 of the TTV-negative patients had proteinuria. A 1-year follow-up of TTV-positive and-negative patients demonstrated neither acute nor chronic graft rejection. CONCLUSION: In RTxs, TTV infection was more prevalent than in the normal population. In our patients the virus did not have an important effect on renal graft rejection and did not cause liver injury. However, the question of whether TTV infection may affect graft survival requires further long-term investigation in larger groups.