Simulating the Same Physics with Two Distinct Hamiltonians.

We develop a framework and give an example for situations where two distinct Hamiltonians living in the same Hilbert space can be used to simulate the same physics. As an example of an analog simulation, we first discuss how one can simulate an infinite-range-interaction one-axis twisting Hamiltonian using a short-range nearest-neighbor-interaction Heisenberg XXX model with a staggered field. Based on this, we show how one can build an alternative version of a digital quantum simulator. As a by-product, we present a method for creating many-body maximally entangled states using only short-range nearest-neighbor interactions.

Entanglement Quantification in Atomic Ensembles.

Entanglement measures quantify nonclassical correlations present in a quantum system, but can be extremely difficult to calculate, even more so, when information on its state is limited. Here, we consider broad families of entanglement criteria that are based on variances of arbitrary operators and analytically derive the lower bounds these criteria provide for two relevant entanglement measures: the best separable approximation and the generalized robustness. This yields a practical method for quantifying entanglement in realistic experimental situations, in particular, when only few measurements of simple observables are available. As a concrete application of this method, we quantify bipartite and multipartite entanglement in spin-squeezed Bose-Einstein condensates of ∼500 atoms, by lower bounding the best separable approximation and the generalized robustness only from measurements of first and second moments of the collective spin operator.

Deletion of Alox15 improves kidney dysfunction and inhibits fibrosis by increased PGD2 in the kidney.

BACKGROUND: Lipid-metabolizing enzymes and their metabolites affect inflammation and fibrosis, but their roles in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been completely understood. METHODS: To clarify their role in CKD, we measured the mRNA levels of major lipid-metabolizing enzymes in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) kidneys of C57BL/6 J mice. Mediator lipidomics was performed to reveal lipid profiles of CKD kidneys. RESULTS: In 5/6 Nx kidneys, both mRNA and protein levels of Alox15 were higher when compared with those in sham kidneys. With respect to in situ hybridization, the mRNA level of Alox15 was higher in renal tubules of 5/6 Nx kidneys. To examine the role of Alox15 in CKD pathogenesis, we performed 5/6 Nx on Alox15-/- mice. Alox15-/- CKD mice exhibited better renal functions than wild-type mice. Interstitial fibrosis was also inhibited in Alox15-/- CKD mice. Mediator lipidomics revealed that Alox15-/- CKD mouse kidneys had significantly higher levels of PGD2 than the control. To investigate the effects of PGD2 on renal fibrosis, we administered PGD2 to TGF-ß1-stimulated NRK-52E cells and HK-2 cells, which lead to a dose-dependent suppression of type I collagen and αSMA in both cell lines. CONCLUSION: Increased PGD2 in Alox15-/- CKD mouse kidneys could inhibit fibrosis, thereby resulting in CKD improvement. Thus, Alox15 inhibition and PGD2 administration may be novel therapeutic targets for CKD.

Ferulic acid esters of glucosylglucose from Allium macrostemon Bunge.

Three new ferulic acid esters of glucosylglucose, 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)-[ß- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-ß-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid A, 1), 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-{ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-4)-[ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)]}-[ß- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-ß-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid B, 2), and 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-{ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-[ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)]}-[ß- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-ß-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid C, 3) were isolated together with tuberonoid A (4), from the leaves of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of the spectroscopic and chemical data.

Potential benefit of rapid genetic testing for Pallister-Hall syndrome.

Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS) is defined as a group of characteristic manifestations caused by a monoallelic GLI3 pathogenic variant. A two-month-old infant was referred to our institution because of undetermined sex. The infant had atypical genitalia with postaxial polysyndactyly, a hypothalamic mass, and an imperforate anus. We identified a known pathogenic variant of the GLI3 gene within one week and diagnosed the infant with PHS. The parents assigned the infant as male, considering the 46,XY karyotype, normal testosterone secretion, possible male identity, and the natural history of PHS. In infants with atypical genitalia and other malformations, such as polydactyly, a hypothalamic mass, or an imperforate anus, rapid GLI3 testing may provide information for planning lifelong management, including sex assignment.

A New Flavonoid from Camellia sinensis Fermented Tea.

A new flavonoid, quercetin 3-0-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l-6)-(2-E-p-coumaroyl)-D-D-glucopyranoside-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, was isolated from the fermented tea of Camellia sinensis L. (Pu-erh tea) from China. The chemical structure was elucidated based on analyses of the spectroscopic data.