[Telemedicine: validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the experience of health professionalsTelemedicina: validação de um questionário para avaliar a experiência dos profissionais de saúde]. / Telemedicina: validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la experiencia de los profesionales de la salud.

Objective: This objective of this work is to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate health professionals' experience with telemedicine systems. Methods: Based on an abbreviated, locally validated Spanish-language version of the patient questionnaire developed by Parmanto et al., a group of experts developed a version to evaluate the experience of health professionals who provide telemedicine services. The psychometric behavior of the items was tested in an initial sample of 129 professionals, using exploratory factor analysis. The comprehensibility of the items was then assessed through cognitive interviews. Finally, in a new sample of 329 professionals, the construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); its criteria of external validity were assessed by comparing the score with that of a summary question. Results: A 12-item questionnaire was obtained, with a two-factor structure and acceptable adjustment indicators documented through CFA. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were appropriate. The criteria of external validity showed optimal results. Conclusions: The instrument obtained has adequate psychometric properties and will contribute to the objective evaluation of the experience of health professionals who perform telemedicine.

Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar um questionário para avaliar a experiência dos profissionais de saúde com os sistemas de telemedicina. Métodos: Com base na versão abreviada em espanhol ­ e validada localmente ­ do questionário para pacientes desenvolvido por Parmanto et al., um grupo de especialistas gerou uma versão de consenso para avaliar a experiência de profissionais de saúde que prestam serviços de telemedicina. O comportamento psicométrico dos itens foi testado em uma primeira amostra de 129 profissionais, por meio de análise fatorial exploratória. Em seguida, sua compreensibilidade foi avaliada por meio de entrevistas cognitivas. Por fim, em uma nova amostra de 329 profissionais, avaliou-se a validade de construto do questionário por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), e sua validade de critério externo, mediante a avaliação de sua pontuação com a de uma pergunta resumo. Resultados: Obteve-se um questionário de 12 itens com estrutura de dois fatores, com indicadores de ajuste aceitáveis, documentados pela AFC. A confiabilidade, a validade convergente e a validade discriminante foram adequadas. A validade de critério externo apresentou ótimos resultados. Conclusões: O instrumento obtido possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas e contribuirá para a avaliação objetiva da experiência dos profissionais que realizam telemedicina.

Translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of two questionnaires on shared decision making.

OBJECTIVE: To translate, transcultural adapt, and validate the "CollaboRATE" measure and the "Ask 3 Questions" intervention in Argentina, allowing us to quantify the degree of use and implementation of shared decision making (SDM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected in an academic hospital in Buenos Aires. Physician-patient pairs were invited to participate following their scheduled outpatient visits. MEASUREMENTS: Two processes were carried out as follows: (a) The translation and transcultural adaptation process, in which translations were produced and then adapted to Spanish. (b) The validation process, in which questionnaires were completed by patient-physician pairs, the results of which were subsequently analysed. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and construct validity (principal component analysis) were assessed. RESULTS: The final Spanish versions of "CollaboRATE" and "Ask 3 Questions" were tested in a primary care sample of 56 participants. Both instruments presented adequate reliability and validity. Internal consistency yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 98.3 for the "CollaboRATE" measure and 0.77 and 0.69 for the patients and physicians versions of the "Ask 3 Questions" intervention. Principal components analysis showed eigenvalues of first component >1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We obtained valid and reliable Spanish versions of the "CollaboRATE" measure and the "Ask 3 Questions" intervention. These versions can be used for the assessment of SDM in clinical visits, and to obtain new information which could help the monitoring of its implementation.

[Psychometric validation in Spanish of the Brazilian short version of the Primary Care Assessment Tools-users questionnaire for the evaluation of the orientation of health systems towards primary care]. / Validación psicométrica en español de la versión corta brasileña del cuestionario Primary Care Assessment Tools: usuarios para la evaluación de la orientación de los sistemas de salud hacia la atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the Brazilian short version of the PCAT for adult patients in Spanish. DESIGN: Analysis of secondary data from studies made to validate the extended version of the PCAT questionnaire. LOCATION: City of Córdoba, Argentina. Primary health care. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 46% of parents, whose children were enrolled in secondary education in three institutes in the city of Cordoba, and the remaining 54% were adult users of the National University of Cordoba Health Insurance. MAIN MEASURES: Pearson's correlation coefficient comparing the extended and short versions. Goodness-of-fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, average variance extracted, and Cronbach's alpha values, in order to assess the construct validity and the reliability of the short version. RESULTS: The values of Pearson's correlation coefficient between this short version and the long version were high .818 (P<.001), implying a very good criterion validity. The indicators of good global adjustment to the confirmatory factor analysis were good. The value of composite reliability was good (.802), but under the variance media extracted: .3306, since 3 variables had weak factorials loads. The Cronbach's alpha was acceptable (.85). CONCLUSIONS: The short version of the PCAT-users developed in Brazil showed an acceptable psychometric performance in Spanish as a quick assessment tool, in a comparative study with the extended version.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a standardized international questionnaire on use of alternative and complementary medicine (I-CAM - Q) for Argentina.

BACKGROUND: The widespread and growing use of alternative and complementary medicine (CAM) worldwide has been thoroughly described. In Argentina the limited information on the use of CAM has been reported between 40 and 55 %. However, the rate of use is extremely variable worldwide. For this purpose the international questionnaire on the use of complementary and alternative medicines (I-CAM - Q), was developed. The implementation of a translated and cross-culturally adapted version of the questionnaire would allow for a reliable and standardized evaluation of the rate of use of CAM in Argentina. It would be a great step towards improving what we know about the healing habits of our population. METHODS: The forward and back-translation method was used. Four translators were involved. A committee was commissioned to reconcile the different versions. The process of cross-cultural adaptation was made by consulting 17 alternative and complementary medicine experts using the DELPHI method. The retrieved questionnaire was evaluated in 18 patients sampled by convenience (9 men, different educational and self-reported health levels). The interviews consisted of three parts: an initial demographics questionnaire; the administration of the I-CAM-Q and finally the cognitive interview, which included reviewing the questionnaire and reexamining questions that generated doubts during the interview. The comprehension of the questions was also evaluated. As a last step, using the information obtained from the interviews, the final version of the questionnaire was drafted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The questionnaire seems to have been accepted by most patients during the interviews. Conflictive elements that emerged did not seem to have an impact on its administration. The flexibility of the questionnaire allowed to add professionals and practices which contributed to a more accurate local adaptation. Further research should focus on assessing the questionnaire's psychometric performance and validity, which so far has not been done.

[Spanish translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the ADTC scale (Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool)] / Traducción al español, adaptación transcultural y validación de la escala ADTC (Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool).

OBJETIVES: Obtain a version to validate it in a population of adults with AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1) Translation into Spanish and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire from the original version in English, through a seven-step process. 2) Evaluation of the unidimensionality of the resulting scale by means of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), of its reliability by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and of its validity by evaluating the correlation of its score with those of the POEM and DLQI questionnaires. (external reference criteria). RESULTS: The version resulting from the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process was well understood by the target population. The AFE of the 66 questionnaires documented the unidimensionality of the scale based on compliance with all the criteria used for its verification. Its reliability was excellent (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.917) and its score had a very high correlation with the external reference criteria (POEM: Spearman's Rho 0.85; p < 0.0001; DLQI Spearman's Rho = 0.81; p < 0 .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The version translated into Spanish and adapted for transculturation of the ADCT questionnaire has appropriate psychometric characteristics, which will contribute to optimizing the care processes of Spanish-speaking patients.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cuestionario ADCT (Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool) permite objetivar en forma breve y autoadministrada la repercusión de la dermatitis atópica (DA) sobre la vida cotidiana de quien la padece. OBJETIVO: Obtener una versión validarla en una población de adultos con DA. MATERIALES Y METODOS: 1) Traducción al español y adaptación transcultural del cuestionario a partir de la versión original en inglés, a través de un proceso de siete pasos. 2) Evaluación de la unidimensionalidad de la escala resultante mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), de su confiabilidad mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, y de su validez mediante la evaluación de la correlación de su puntaje con los de los cuestionarios POEM y DLQI (criterios externos de referencia). RESULTADOS: La versión resultante del proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural fue bien comprendida por la población blanco. El AFE de los 66 cuestionarios documentó la unidimensionalidad de la escala a partir del cumplimiento de todos los criterios utilizados para su verificación. Su confiabilidad fue excelente (Alfa de Cronbach: 0,917) y su puntaje tuvo muy alta correlación con los criterios de referencia externos (POEM: Spearman's Rho 0,85; p < 0,0001; DLQI Spearman's Rho = 0,81; p < 0,0001). CONCLUSION: La versión traducida al español y adaptada transculturación del cuestionario ADCT tiene características psicométricas apropiadas, lo que contribuirá a optimizar los procesos de cuidado de pacientes de habla hispana.

Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the ACE tool for assessing competencies in evidence-based medicine in medical students.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the tool 'Assessing Competency in evidence-based medicine (EBM)' (ACE) to Spanish and to implement it in a cohort of medical students for the evaluation of the instrument's psychometric properties. DESIGN: Bilingual translators produced a translation and backtranslation of the original instrument, with interim consensus in each stage with oversight and input by a group of experts. We then performed cognitive interviews to adapt the wording of the tool culturally. Finally, we implemented the final version in a cohort of medical students on a virtual general practice course with EBM modules. SETTING: Medical School in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Due to restrictions to in-person teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted this study in the context of virtual learning. PARTICIPANTS: We included 125 fourth and fifth-year medical students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured internal consistency with the Kuder-Richardson coefficient (>0.6 as a threshold for reliability) and construct validity through a Pearson's correlation between the examinations carried out with the translated instrument and the results of the regular examinations of EBM in the same students (expected values of at least 0.3 to 0.7). We also compared the total score of the instrument of fifth-year students to fourth-year students. RESULTS: As for measurements for internal consistency, the coefficient Kuder-Richardson resulted in a value of 0.268, below our prespecified threshold. For construct validity, the Pearson correlation between the sum of the items and regular examinations was 0.139, also below our prespecified threshold. However, fifth-year students averaged 0.94 points more than fourth-year students (95% CI 0.24 more to 1.65 more). CONCLUSION: The translated and cross-culturally adapted version of the ACE tool into Spanish had low reliability and validity in an MBE course taught and evaluated in a virtual environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

Proposal for a short version of an international questionnaire to detect bullying: adaptation to Argentine Spanish language and exploratory factor analysis. / Propuesta de una versión abreviada de un cuestionario internacional para pesquisar acoso escolar: adaptación al español de Argentina y análisis factorial exploratorio.

INTRODUCTION: Bullying encompasses intentional intimidation, abuse, and physical or psychological harassment behaviors by a student (bully) against another student (victim) repeatedly. It includes physical and verbal abuse, social exclusion, and cyberbullying. Victims miss school more often and have a higher risk for somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, and suicide. Although the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) is a bullying screening questionnaire (19 items) validated in Spain in 2016, there was no validated instrument available in Argentina. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a short version adapted to Argentine Spanish of the APRI. POPULATION AND METHOD: The APRI, a questionnaire to screen for bullying among adolescents, was cross-culturally adapted to Argentine Spanish language and then questionnaire items were reduced by a mathematical process (exploratory factor analysis) and a conceptual process (expert committee). Participants were adolescents aged 13-17 years who were attending secondary public schools in the city of Boulogne Sur Mer, San Isidro, province of Buenos Aires. RESULTS: A short questionnaire version made up of 14 items divided into 2 dimensions (physical abuse and social and verbal victimization) was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The resulting short questionnaire is semantically equivalent to the original version and also has adequate apparent and content validity.

Introducción. El acoso escolar (bullying) comprende conductas de intimidación, hostigamiento y acoso físico o psicológico ejercidas intencionalmente por un escolar (acosador) contra otro (víctima) en forma reiterada. Incluye el maltrato físico y verbal, la exclusión social y el ciberacoso (ciberbullying). Las víctimas incrementan el ausentismo escolar y tienen más riesgo de desarrollar síntomas somáticos, ansiedad, depresión y suicidio. Si bien el cuestionario Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) para la pesquisa de acoso escolar (19 ítems) fue validado en España en 2016, no se contaba con una herramienta validada en Argentina. Objetivo. Obtener una versión abreviada adaptada al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI. Población y método. Se realizó una adaptación transcultural al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI para la pesquisa de acoso escolar en adolescentes y, posteriormente, la reducción de ítems mediante un proceso matemático (análisis factorial exploratorio) y conceptual (comité de expertos). Participaron adolescentes de 13 a 17 años que cursaban estudios secundarios en dos escuelas estatales de la localidad Boulogne Sur Mer en San Isidro, provincia de Buenos Aires. Resultados. Se obtuvo una versión abreviada del cuestionario, conformada por 14 ítems divididos en dos dominios: maltrato físico y victimización verbal y social. Conclusiones. El cuestionario abreviado obtenido tiene equivalencia semántica con la versión original y cuenta, además, con una adecuada validez aparente y de contenido. Palabras clave: acoso escolar, encuestas y cuestionarios, adolescente, Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument.

[Food insecurity in the area of influence of the Center of Family and Community Medicine "San Pantaleón" (Province of Buenos Aires).] / Inseguridad alimentaria en el área de influencia del Centro de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria "San Pantaleón" (Provincia de Buenos Aires).

Introduction: Last years, food insecurity is a raising problem in Argentina and is a key indicator of population health. The principal aim of this study was to determine food insecurity prevalence in a population of Buenos Aires suburbs, considering as secondary objectives: 1) to evaluate associated variables with food insecurity; 2) to perform provisional statistical validation of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Methods: It was conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional research study was conducted. Check the FIES survey in people over 15 years of age in the Barrio Santa María in Bajo Boulogne, San Isidro district, Buenos Aires. A probabilistic sampling was carried out. The data will be analyzed following the Rasch model proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Results: 222 people were interviewed, finding a prevalence of moderate / severe food insecurity of 47.29% and severe of 6.57%. We found an independent association with a female head of household OR 2.22; (95%CI 1.27 to 3.87) and having more than 4 cohabitants in the home OR 2.24; (95%CI 1.25 to 4.02). The provisional validation of the FIES survey was carried out in our sample through the testing of the Rasch model assumptions. Conclusion: food insecurity is a problem present in our population. It was carried out the validation of an instrument to measure it, easy to apply and that allows valid comparisons between local and international measurements.

Introducción: La inseguridad alimentaria es una problemática en aumento en los últimos años en Argentina y resulta un indicador clave del estado de salud de la población. Este estudio se propuso determinar su prevalencia en una población del conurbano bonaerense planteándose como objetivos secundarios: 1) evaluar variables que se asocien con la inseguridad alimentaria; 2) realizar la validación estadística provisional de la Escala de la Inseguridad Alimentaria basada en la Experiencia (FIES). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de investigación descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se utilizó la encuesta FIES en personas mayores de 15 años del Barrio Santa María en el Bajo Boulogne, partido de San Isidro, provincia de Buenos Aires. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico. Se analizaron los datos siguiendo el modelo Rasch propuesto por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 222 personas hallando una prevalencia de inseguridad alimentaria moderada/severa de 47,29% y severa de 6,57%. Se observó una asociación independiente con una jefatura de hogar femenina OR 2,22; (IC95% 1,27 a 3,87) y con tener más de 4 convivientes en el hogar OR 2,24; (IC95% 1,25 a 4,02). Se realizó la validación provisional de la encuesta FIES en nuestra muestra a través del testeo de las asunciones del modelo Rasch. Conclusión: la inseguridad alimentaria es un problema presente en nuestra población. Se realizó la validación de un instrumento para medirla, de sencilla aplicación y que permite realizar comparaciones válidas entre mediciones locales e internacionales.

Adaptation and validation of the Argentine version of an instrument to assess continuing professional development activities. / Adaptación y validación de la versión argentina de un instrumento para evaluar actividades de desarrollo profesional continuo.

INTRODUCTION: Canadian researchers developed a self-administered questionnaire to ask participants of continuing professional development (CPD) activities about their intention to translate the knowledge acquired in the classroom into clinical practice. The questionnaire may facilitate quality improvement processes in such CPD activities. OBJECTIVE: To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the original English REACTION questionnaire (A theoRy-basEd instrument to assess the impACT of continuing professional development activities on professional behavIOr chaNge) for its use in Argentina. POPULATION AND METHODS: The 12 questionnaire items were translated and cross-culturally adapted using a five-step process. The construct validity was assessed using an exploratory factor analysis, whereas reliability, with Cronbach's coefficient and the G coefficient. RESULTS: The final questionnaire version was administered to a sample of 133 physicians who attended 9 CPD activities at a teaching hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (average age: 38 years; 23.3 %, men; 76 %, family physicians). The exploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors (social influence, confidence in one's abilities, and ethical judgment). Cronbach's coefficient was 0.82 and the G coefficient, 0.72. CONCLUSIONS: The Argentine version of the REACTION questionnaire was adapted and validated to assess the impact of CPD centered on clinical skills training on physicians' intention to implement it in their practice.

Introducción. Investigadores canadienses desarrollaron un cuestionario autoadministrado para indagar sobre la intención de los participantes de actividades de desarrollo profesional continuo (DPC) de transferir los conocimientos adquiridos en ámbitos áulicos a la práctica clínica. Su uso podría facilitar los procesos de mejora de la calidad en dichas actividades de DPC. Objetivo. Realizar la traducción y adaptación transcultural y validación del cuestionario REACTION (A theoRy-basEd instrument to assess the impACT of continuing profesional development activities on profesional behavIOr chaNge) para su uso en la Argentina, a partir de la versión original en inglés. Población y métodos. Se realizó la traducción y adaptación transcultural de los 12 ítems del instrumento, con un proceso de cinco pasos. La validez de constructo se exploró mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio, y la confiabilidad, a través del coeficiente de Cronbach y el coeficiente G. Resultados. La versión final del cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra de 133 médicos asistentes a 9 actividades presenciales de DPC de un hospital universitario de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (edad promedio: 38 años; el 23,3 %, hombres; el 76 %, médicos de familia). El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó 3 factores (influencia social, confianza en las capacidades propias y criterio ético). El coeficiente de Cronbach fue 0,82 y el coeficiente G fue 0,72. Conclusiones. Se realizó la adaptación y validación de la versión argentina del instrumento REACTION para evaluar el impacto del DPC enfocado en el entrenamiento de habilidades clínicas en la intención de los médicos de implementarlo en su práctica.

[Validation of the Spanish version of the Lubben Social Network Scale-6]. / Validación de la versión en español de la Escala de Red Social Lubben-6.

Social support is an important determinant of health. The Lubben-6 Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) is one of the most used by the international community and its application is simple and brief. To date there are no works that have validated this scale in the Spanish language. Aim: Validate the spanish version of the LSNS-6. Methods: The Spanish version of the questionnaire was generated through the translation, back-translation and transcultural adaptation of the LSNS-6, made with native translators and adapted by a bilingual committee. The construct validity was evaluated using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. We first considered a single factor (family or friends), and then two factors (family and friends). We compared results using Goodness-of-fit index (GFI). The validity of external criteria was evaluated by correlating the score of the questionnaire with that assigned by a professional counselor trained during an in-depth in-person interview conducted at the patient's home. Results: We interviewed 150 older adults, 54% men; mean age 76.3 years. The GFI presented adequate values ​​for the two-factor model (P Chi2 = 0.069; NFI = 0.97; NNFI = 0.99; RMR st. = 0.03; the RMSEA showed a marginal value, 0.085); While the Pearson correlation was 0.665 (p <0.001). Conclusion: The Spanish version of the LSNS-6 scale is valid and reliable.

Introducción: El apoyo social es un determinante importante de la salud. La Escala de Red Social de Lubben-6 (LSNS-6) es una de las más utilizadas por la comunidad internacional y su aplicación es sencilla y breve. No existen a la fecha trabajos que hayan validado esta escala en el idioma español. Objetivo: Validar al español la escala LSNS-6. Métodos: Fue generada una versión en Español del cuestionario a través de la traducción, retrotraducción y adaptación transcultural del LSNS-6. La ​vali​dez de constructo fue evaluada mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, considerando inicialmente un factor y luego dos. Los resultados fueron comparados mediante indicadores de buen ajuste (IBA). La ​va​lidez de criterio externo fue evaluada mediante la correlación del puntaje del cuestionario con el asignado por una orientadora sociosanitaria profesional entrenada durante una entrevista presencial en profundidad realizada en el domicilio del paciente. Resultados: Entrevistamos 150 adultos mayores (54 % hombres; edad media 76,3 años). Los IBA presentaron valores adecuados para el modelo de dos factores; Chi Cuadrado / Grado de libertad 1,81; "p" ajustada al Chi Cuadrado: 0,069; error de aproximación cuadrático medio (RMSEA) 0,085; Indice de ajuste normado (NFI) 0,97; índice de ajuste no normado (NNFI) 0,99; residuo cuadrático medio estandarizado (RMR st) 0,03. La correlación Pearson del puntaje de la versión en español del LSNS-6 con el asignado por la orientadora sociosanitaria fue de 0.665 (p < 0.001). Conclusiones: La versión en español de la escala LSNS-6 es válida y confiable.

[Validation of a Spanish questionnaire on telemedicine usability]. / Validación de un cuestionario en español sobre la usabilidad de la telemedicina.

Telemedicine is the provision of services by health professionals through the use of information and communication technologies. Its implementation is usually carried out through systems of va riable usability. In 2016, Parmanto et al, developed and validated a questionnaire in English that measures its usability and allows to evaluate all factors that influence it. In 2019, we translated, adapted cross-culturally, and published this questionnaire in Spanish. With the aim of transforming it into a reliable and accessible tool, the utility of which is indisputable in the current context, we carried out a research work that allowed its validation and simplification.

La telemedicina es la prestación de servicios de la salud mediante la utilización de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Su implementación se realiza a través de sistemas cuya usabilidad es variable. En 2016, Parmant y col., desarrollaron y validaron un cuestionario en inglés que mide su usabilidad y permite evaluar los factores que influyen en la misma. En 2019, tradujimos, adaptamos transculturalmente y publicamos este cuestionario en español. Con el objetivo de transformar el mismo en una herramienta confiable y accesible, cuya utilidad es indiscutible en el contexto actual, llevamos a cabo un trabajo de investigación que permitió su validación y simplificación.

Psychometric properties and operating characteristics of the Spanish-adapted version of the CRAFFT questionnaire in adolescents from Greater Buenos Aires. / Propiedades psicométricas y características operativas de la versión adaptada al castellano del cuestionario CRAFFT en adolescentes del conurbano bonaerense.

INTRODUCION: The Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family and Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) questionnaire is an instrument used in the screening for problematic alcohol and substance use, abuse or dependence in adolescents. While there is a Spanish-adapted and validated version for Argentine adolescents (CRAFFTa), it cannot be applied indiscriminately because it has not been assessed in different sociocultural settings. OBJECTIVE: To assess the transferability of the CRAFFTa as a screening tool for problematic alcohol and drug use, abuse or dependence in an adolescent population of low socio-economic level. POPULATION AND METHODS: An anonymous survey was administered to low-income adolescents living in Greater Buenos Aires and attending two secondary schools. The Spanish-adapted version of the CRAFFT questionnaire, validated for its use in Argentina, was administered, while the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers, substance use and abuse subscale (POSITuas) questionnaire was used as a reference test. RESULTS: A total of 146 questionnaires were completed (completion rate: 89.6 %). Reliability was 0.681; criterion validity: 0.697; sensitivity: 93.4; specificity: 72.5; precision: 0.886; positive predictive value: 0.898; negative predictive value: 0.966. Compound reliability was 0.872; average variance extracted: 0.718. Convergent validity was acceptable in the confirmatory factor analysis, and a single-factor structure was used. CONCLUSION: The operating characteristics of the CRAFFTa questionnaire are acceptable for its use in the screening for problematic alcohol and substance use, abuse or dependence in a low-income adolescent population.

Introducción. El cuestionario Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family and Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) es un instrumento de tamizaje de riesgo de consumo problemático, abuso o dependencia de alcohol y sustancias en adolescentes. Si bien cuenta con una versión validada y adaptada al castellano para su utilización en adolescentes argentinos (CRAFFTa), su uso no puede generalizarse, ya que no ha sido evaluado en diferentes contextos socioculturales. Objetivo. Evaluar la transferibilidad del CRAFFTa como herramienta de pesquisa de consumo problemático, abuso y dependencia de alcohol y otras sustancias en una población adolescente de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Población y métodos. Se encuestó en forma anónima a una muestra de adolescentes de una localidad de bajos recursos del conurbano bonaerense que concurrían a dos escuelas secundarias. Se aplicó el cuestionario CRAFFT adaptado al español y validado para su uso en Argentina, y se empleó el cuestionario Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers substance use and abuse subscale (POSITuas) como prueba de referencia. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 146 cuestionarios completos (tasa de respuesta del 89,6 %). La confiabilidad fue 0,681; validez de criterio: 0,697; sensibilidad: 93,4; especificidad: 72,5; precisión: 0,886. Valor predictivo positivo: 0,898; y negativo: 0,966. La fiabilidad compuesta fue 0,872; varianza media extractada: 0,718. La validez convergente fue aceptable en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, y se empleó una estructura unifactorial. Conclusiones. Las características operativas del CRAFFTa son aceptables para su uso en el rastreo de consumo problemático de alcohol y abuso de sustancias en una población adolescente de bajos recursos.

Adaptación transcultural y validación de la versión en español del cuestionario de carga de tratamiento en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que concurren a centros de atención primaria del sector público de salud. San Juan / Transcultural adaptation and validation of the spanish version of the treatment burden questionnaire for people with diabetes mellitus type 2 that attend to primary health care centers within the public health care system. San Juan

Introducción: el Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) evalúa la carga que implica el autocuidado de personas con enfermedades crónicas y el impacto que la asistencia sanitaria genera en su calidad de vida. Objetivos: adaptar y validar psicométricamente la versión en español del cuestionario TBQ-esclerosis múltiple al contexto de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en pacientes atendidos en el sector público de Argentina. Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico de adaptación transcultural y validación psicométrica de un cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). La validez de criterio concurrente se evaluó a través de la correlación Pearson con tres escalas (OMS-5, PHQ-9 y test de Morisky-Green). La fiabilidad se analizó a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, de la fiabilidad compuesta y la varianza media extractada. Resultados: participaron 256 personas. La versión adaptada fue adecuadamente comprendida por la población destinataria. El AFE (n=100) permitió hipotetizar cuatro dominios: 1) tratamiento farmacológico; 2) asistencia sanitaria/sistema de salud; 3) mantenimiento de un estilo de vida y su repercusión económica; 4) esfera psicosocial. En el AFC (n=156) las cargas factoriales del 87,5% (14/16) de los ítems fueron mayores a 0,5 con significancia estadística. Se documentó correlación inversa (-0,46; p=0,0002) con el puntaje OMS-5 y directa (0,36; p=0,0046) con PHQ-9. Los pacientes categorizados como "no adherentes" mediante la escala de Morisky-Green-Levine arrojaron un resultado de TBQ-DM de 16,99 (IC 95%: 0,95 a 33,03) puntos más que los pacientes categorizados como "adherentes" (p=0,0383). La consistencia interna del cuestionario fue muy buena (alfa de Cronbach: 0,87), su fiabilidad compuesta fue aceptable y su validez divergente, baja. Conclusiones: el TBQ en español adaptado a DM2 tiene aceptables propiedades psicométricas. Su implementación podría ofrecer cuidados basados en la persona.

Introduction: the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) assess the load that implies the self-care for people with chronic diseases and the impact that medical assistance produce in their quality of life. Objectives: to adapt and psychometrically validate the spanish version of the TBQ-multiple sclerosis questionnaire to the diabetes mellitus (DM) context in patients treated in the Argentinian public health sector. Materials and methods: analytic study of transcultural adaptation and psychometric validation of a questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. Concurrent criterion validity was evaluated through Pearson correlation with three scales (WHO-5, PHQ-9, Morisky-Green Test). Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. Results: 256 people participated. The adapted version was adequately understood by the target population. EFA (n=100) allowed for the hypothesis of four domains: 1) pharmacological treatment; 2) healthcare/health system; 3) maintenance of a lifestyle and its economic impact; 4) psychosocial sphere. In the CFA (n=156), the factor loadings of 87.5% (14/16) of the items were greater than 0.5 with statistical significance. An inverse correlation (-0.46; p=0.0002) with the WHO-5 index and a direct correlation (0.36; p=0.0046) with the PHQ-9 scale were documented. Patients categorized as "non-adherent" by the Morisky-Green-Levine scale had a TBQ-DM score of 16.99 (95% CI: 0.95 to 33.03) points higher than patients categorized as "adherent" (p=0.0383). The internal consistency of the questionnaire was very good (Cronbach's alpha: 0.87), its composite reliability was acceptable, and its divergent validity was low. Conclusions: the spanish TBQ adapted to DM2 has acceptable pyshcometric properties. Its implementation can help offer a person-centered care.

Propuesta de una versión abreviada de un cuestionario internacional para pesquisar acoso escolar: adaptación al español de Argentina y análisis factorial exploratorio / Proposal for a short version of an international questionnaire to detect bullying: adaptation to Argentine Spanish language and exploratory factor analysis

Introducción. El acoso escolar (bullying) comprende conductas de intimidación, hostigamiento y acoso físico o psicológicoejercidas intencionalmente por un escolar(acosador) contra otro (víctima) en formareiterada. Incluye el maltrato físico y verbal, la exclusión social y el ciberacoso (ciberbullying). Las víctimas incrementan el ausentismo escolar y tienen más riesgo de desarrollar síntomassomáticos, ansiedad, depresión y suicidio. Si bien el cuestionario Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) para la pesquisa de acoso escolar (19 ítems) fue validado en España en 2016, no se contaba con una herramienta validadaen Argentina. Objetivo. Obtener una versión abreviadaadaptada al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI. Población y método. Se realizó una adaptación transcultural al español hablado en Argentina del cuestionario APRI para la pesquisa deacoso escolar en adolescentes y, posteriormente, la reducción de ítems mediante un procesomatemático (análisis factorial exploratorio) y conceptual (comité de expertos). Participaron adolescentes de 13 a 17 años que cursabanestudios secundarios en dos escuelas estatales de la localidad Boulogne Sur Mer en San Isidro, provincia de Buenos Aires. Resultados. Se obtuvo una versión abreviada delcuestionario, conformada por 14 ítems divididosen dos dominios: maltrato físico y victimización verbal y social. Conclusiones. El cuestionario abreviado obtenidotiene equivalencia semántica con la versiónoriginal y cuenta, además, con una adecuada validez aparente y de contenido.

Introduction. Bullying encompasses intentional intimidation, abuse, and physical or psychological harassment behaviors by a student (bully) against another student (victim) repeatedly. It includes physical and verbal abuse, social exclusion, and cyberbullying. Victims miss school more often and have a higher risk for somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, and suicide. Although the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI) is a bullying screening questionnaire (19 items) validated in Spain in 2016, there was no validated instrument available in Argentina. Objective. To obtain a short version adapted to Argentine Spanish of the APRI. Population and method. The APRI, a questionnaire to screen for bullying among adolescents, was cross-culturally adapted to Argentine Spanish language and then questionnaire items were reduced by a mathematical process (exploratory factor analysis) and a conceptual process (expert committee). Participants were adolescents aged 13-17 years who were attending secondary public schools in the city of Boulogne Sur Mer, San Isidro, province of Buenos Aires. Results. A short questionnaire version made up of 14 items divided into 2 dimensions (physical abuse and social and verbal victimization) was obtained. Conclusions. The resulting short questionnaire is semantically equivalent to the original version and also has adequate apparent and content validity.

Validación en español de un cuestionario para la evaluación de la calidad de la mentoría en investigación en ciencias de la salud / Spanish validation of a questionnaire for the quality evaluation of research mentoring in health sciences

Introducción. Es relevante contar con un cuestionario breve y auto-administrado para evaluar la calidad de los procesos de mentoría en investigación en la comunidad científica hispanohablante. Objetivos. Validar una versión abreviada, auto-administrada y en español del cuestionario multidimensional Evaluación de las competencias de mentoría. Métodos.1) Traducción y adaptación transcultural; 2) Reducción de la versión traducida; 3) Validación de la versión abreviada en una muestra local de 159 participantes respecto de su validez de constructo (análisis factorial confirmatorio) y de criterio (correlación de su puntaje total con el de una pregunta agregada y con la versión extensa del cuestionario). Resultados. Obtuvimos un cuestionario abreviado, en español y auto-aministrado de 17 ítems divididos en cinco dimensiones: 1) Mantenimiento de una comunicación efectiva, 2) Alineación de expectativas, 3) Evaluación del conocimiento,4) Promoción de la independencia, 5) Promoción del desarrollo profesional. El modelo hipotetizado ajustó de manera aceptable a los datos de nuestra muestra de validación (RMSEA=0,045; CFI=0,992; TLI=0,99 y WRMR=0,564). Todos los parámetros estimados para los ítems individuales tuvieron significancia estadística, oscilando las cargas factoriales estandarizadas entre 0,571 y 0,936. La fiabilidad compuesta de los diferentes dominios estuvo comprendida entre 0,764 y0,865, y la varianza media extractada, entre 0,522 y 0,644, en concordancia con lo recomendado. La validez convergente fue adecuada ya que las cargas factoriales estandarizadas de 94 % de los ítems del modelo final fueron mayores a 0,6 y con significancia estadística (valor t>1,96). La correlación entre los cinco factores fue alta (0,740 a 0,944). En la mayoría de las comparaciones, el cuadrado de dichas correlaciones fue superior a la varianza media extractada, lo que refleja una validez divergente o discriminante baja. El puntaje de la versión abreviada tuvo una correlación positiva y alta (Coeficiente de Pearson 0,847; p<0,001) con la pregunta agregada como criterio externo concurrente de validación y muy alta correlación (coeficiente de Pearson: 0,988;p<0,001) con el puntaje de la versión original traducida de 26 ítems. Conclusiones. La versión abreviada en español del cuestionario Evaluación de las competencias de mentoría tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y puede ser aplicada en forma auto-administrada, lo que la vuelve la primera herramienta en español para evaluar procesos de mentoría en investigación. (AU)

Introduction. It is relevant to have a short and self-administered questionnaire to assess research mentoring processquality in the Spanish-speaking scientific community. Objectives. To validate a short and self-administered version in Spanish of the multidimensional questionnaire Mentoring Competency Assessment. Methods.1) Translation and cross-cultural adaptation; 2) Reduction of the translated version; 3) Validation of the shortenedversion in a local sample of 159 participants regarding its construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and its criterion validity (correlation of its total score with that of an additional question and with the long version of the questionnaire). Results. We obtained an abbreviated (17 items) and self-administered questionnaire in Spanish, divided into five constructs: 1) Maintaining effective communication, 2) Aligning expectations, 3) Addressing knowledge, 4) Promoting independence, 5) Promoting professional development. The hypothesized model fit acceptably to the data from our validation sample (RMSEA=0.045; CFI=0.992; TLI=0.99 and WRMR=0.564).All the parameters estimated for the individual items were statistically significant, with their standardized factor loads ranging from 0.571 to 0.936. The composite reliability of the different domains ranged between 0.764 and 0.865, and the mean extracted variance, between 0.522 and 0.644, in accordance with the recommended range. Convergent validity was adequate since the standardized factor loads of 94 % of the items in the final model were greater than 0.6 and with statistical significance (t-value >1,96). The correlation between the five factors was high (0.740 to 0.944) and in most of the comparisons, the square of these correlations was higher than the average variance extracted, reflecting low divergent or discriminant validity. The score of the shortened version had a positive and high correlation (Pearson coefficient 0.847;p <0.001) with the additional question as a concurrent external validation criterion and a very high correlation (Pearson coefficient: 0.988; p <0.001) with the score of the original 26-item translated version. Conclusions. The shortened Spanish version of the Mentoring Competency Assessment questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties and can be applied in a self-administered way, which makes it the first tool in Spanish to assessresearch mentoring processes. (AU)

Telemedicina: validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la experiencia de los profesionales de la salud

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar y validar un cuestionario para evaluar la experiencia de los profesionales de la salud con los sistemas de telemedicina. Métodos. A partir de la versión abreviada en español y validada localmente del cuestionario para pacientes desarrollado por Parmanto y col., un grupo de expertos consensuó una versión para evaluar la experiencia de profesionales de la salud que brindan servicios de telemedicina. El comportamiento psicométrico de los ítems se testeó en una primera muestra de 129 profesionales a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio. Luego, se evaluó su comprensibilidad a través de entrevistas cognitivas. Por último, en una nueva muestra de 329 profesionales, se evaluó la validez de constructo del cuestionario mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), y su validez de criterio externo, mediante la evaluación de su puntaje con el de una pregunta de resumen. Resultados. Se obtuvo un cuestionario de 12 ítems con una estructura de dos factores con indicadores de ajuste aceptables, documentada mediante AFC. La fiabilidad, la validez convergente y la validez discrimi- nante fueron apropiadas. La validez de criterio externo mostró resultados óptimos. Conclusiones. El instrumento obtenido cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y contribuirá a la evaluación objetiva de la experiencia de los profesionales que realizan telemedicina.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. This objective of this work is to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate health professionals' experience with telemedicine systems. Methods. Based on an abbreviated, locally validated Spanish-language version of the patient questionnaire developed by Parmanto et al., a group of experts developed a version to evaluate the experience of health professionals who provide telemedicine services. The psychometric behavior of the items was tested in an ini- tial sample of 129 professionals, using exploratory factor analysis. The comprehensibility of the items was then assessed through cognitive interviews. Finally, in a new sample of 329 professionals, the construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); its criteria of external validity were assessed by comparing the score with that of a summary question. Results. A 12-item questionnaire was obtained, with a two-factor structure and acceptable adjustment indica- tors documented through CFA. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were appropriate. The criteria of external validity showed optimal results. Conclusions. The instrument obtained has adequate psychometric properties and will contribute to the objec- tive evaluation of the experience of health professionals who perform telemedicine.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Desenvolver e validar um questionário para avaliar a experiência dos profissionais de saúde com os sistemas de telemedicina. Métodos. Com base na versão abreviada em espanhol e validada localmente do questionário para pacientes desenvolvido por Parmanto et al., um grupo de especialistas gerou uma versão de consenso para avaliar a experiência de profissionais de saúde que prestam serviços de telemedicina. O comportamento psicométrico dos itens foi testado em uma primeira amostra de 129 profissionais, por meio de análise fatorial exploratória. Em seguida, sua compreensibilidade foi avaliada por meio de entrevistas cognitivas. Por fim, em uma nova amostra de 329 profissionais, avaliouse a validade de construto do questionário por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), e sua validade de critério externo, mediante a avaliação de sua pontuação com a de uma pergunta resumo. Resultados. Obteve-se um questionário de 12 itens com estrutura de dois fatores, com indicadores de ajuste aceitáveis, documentados pela AFC. A confiabilidade, a validade convergente e a validade discriminante foram adequadas. A validade de critério externo apresentou ótimos resultados. Conclusões. O instrumento obtido possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas e contribuirá para a ava- liação objetiva da experiência dos profissionais que realizam telemedicina.

Telemedicina: validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la experiencia de los profesionales de la salud / Telemedicine: validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the experience of health professionals / Telemedicina: validação de um questionário para avaliar a experiência dos profissionais de saúde

RESUMEN Objetivo. El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar y validar un cuestionario para evaluar la experiencia de los profesionales de la salud con los sistemas de telemedicina. Métodos. A partir de la versión abreviada en español y validada localmente del cuestionario para pacientes desarrollado por Parmanto y col., un grupo de expertos consensuó una versión para evaluar la experiencia de profesionales de la salud que brindan servicios de telemedicina. El comportamiento psicométrico de los ítems se testeó en una primera muestra de 129 profesionales a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio. Luego, se evaluó su comprensibilidad a través de entrevistas cognitivas. Por último, en una nueva muestra de 329 profesionales, se evaluó la validez de constructo del cuestionario mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), y su validez de criterio externo, mediante la evaluación de su puntaje con el de una pregunta de resumen. Resultados. Se obtuvo un cuestionario de 12 ítems con una estructura de dos factores con indicadores de ajuste aceptables, documentada mediante AFC. La fiabilidad, la validez convergente y la validez discriminante fueron apropiadas. La validez de criterio externo mostró resultados óptimos. Conclusiones. El instrumento obtenido cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y contribuirá a la evaluación objetiva de la experiencia de los profesionales que realizan telemedicina.

ABSTRACT Objective. This objective of this work is to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate health professionals' experience with telemedicine systems. Methods. Based on an abbreviated, locally validated Spanish-language version of the patient questionnaire developed by Parmanto et al., a group of experts developed a version to evaluate the experience of health professionals who provide telemedicine services. The psychometric behavior of the items was tested in an initial sample of 129 professionals, using exploratory factor analysis. The comprehensibility of the items was then assessed through cognitive interviews. Finally, in a new sample of 329 professionals, the construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); its criteria of external validity were assessed by comparing the score with that of a summary question. Results. A 12-item questionnaire was obtained, with a two-factor structure and acceptable adjustment indicators documented through CFA. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were appropriate. The criteria of external validity showed optimal results. Conclusions. The instrument obtained has adequate psychometric properties and will contribute to the objective evaluation of the experience of health professionals who perform telemedicine.

RESUMO Objetivo. Desenvolver e validar um questionário para avaliar a experiência dos profissionais de saúde com os sistemas de telemedicina. Métodos. Com base na versão abreviada em espanhol - e validada localmente - do questionário para pacientes desenvolvido por Parmanto et al., um grupo de especialistas gerou uma versão de consenso para avaliar a experiência de profissionais de saúde que prestam serviços de telemedicina. O comportamento psicométrico dos itens foi testado em uma primeira amostra de 129 profissionais, por meio de análise fatorial exploratória. Em seguida, sua compreensibilidade foi avaliada por meio de entrevistas cognitivas. Por fim, em uma nova amostra de 329 profissionais, avaliou-se a validade de construto do questionário por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), e sua validade de critério externo, mediante a avaliação de sua pontuação com a de uma pergunta resumo. Resultados. Obteve-se um questionário de 12 itens com estrutura de dois fatores, com indicadores de ajuste aceitáveis, documentados pela AFC. A confiabilidade, a validade convergente e a validade discriminante foram adequadas. A validade de critério externo apresentou ótimos resultados. Conclusões. O instrumento obtido possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas e contribuirá para a avaliação objetiva da experiência dos profissionais que realizam telemedicina.

Adaptación y validación de la versión argentina de un instrumento para evaluar actividades de desarrollo profesional continuo / Adaptation and validation of the Argentine version of an instrument to assess continuing professional development activities

Introducción. Investigadores canadienses desarrollaron un cuestionario autoadministrado para indagar sobre la intención de los participantes de actividades de desarrollo profesional continuo (DPC) de transferir los conocimientos adquiridos en ámbitos áulicos a la práctica clínica. Su uso podría facilitar los procesos de mejora de la calidad en dichas actividades de DPC.Objetivo. Realizar la traducción y adaptación transcultural y validación del cuestionario REACTION (A theoRy-basEd instrument to assess the impACT of continuing profesional development activities on profesional behavIOr chaNge) para su uso en la Argentina, a partir de la versión original en inglés.Población y métodos. Se realizó la traducción y adaptación transcultural de los 12 ítems del instrumento, con un proceso de cinco pasos. La validez de constructo se exploró mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio, y la confiabilidad, a través del coeficiente de Cronbach y el coeficiente G.Resultados. La versión final del cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra de 133 médicos asistentes a 9 actividades presenciales de DPC de un hospital universitario de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (edad promedio: 38 años; el 23,3 %, hombres; el 76 %, médicos de familia). El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó 3 factores (influencia social, confianza en las capacidades propias y criterio ético). El coeficiente de Cronbach fue 0,82 y el coeficiente G fue 0,72.Conclusiones. Se realizó la adaptación y validación de la versión argentina del instrumento REACTION para evaluar el impacto del DPC enfocado en el entrenamiento de habilidades clínicas en la intención de los médicos de implementarlo en su práctica.

Introduction. Canadian researchers developed a self-administered questionnaire to ask participants of continuing professional development (CPD) activities about their intention to translate the knowledge acquired in the classroom into clinical practice. The questionnaire may facilitate quality improvement processes in such CPD activities.Objective. To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the original English REACTION questionnaire (A theoRy-basEd instrument to assess the impACT of continuing professional development activities on professional behavIOr chaNge) for its use in Argentina.Population and methods. The 12 questionnaire items were translated and cross-culturally adapted using a five-step process. The construct validity was assessed using an exploratory factor analysis, whereas reliability, with Cronbach's coefficient and the G coefficient.Results. The final questionnaire version was administered to a sample of 133 physicians who attended 9 CPD activities at a teaching hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (average age: 38 years; 23.3 %, men; 76 %, family physicians). The exploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors (social influence, confidence in one's abilities, and ethical judgment). Cronbach's coefficient was 0.82 and the G coefficient, 0.72.Conclusions. The Argentine version of the REACTION questionnaire was adapted and validated to assess the impact of CPD centered on clinical skills training on physicians' intention to implement it in their practice

Validación de un cuestionario en español sobre la usabilidad de la telemedicina / Validation of a Spanish questionnaire on telemedicine usability

Resumen La telemedicina es la prestación de servicios de la salud mediante la utilización de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Su implementación se realiza a través de sistemas cuya usabilidad es variable. En 2016, Parmant y col., desarrollaron y validaron un cuestionario en inglés que mide su usabilidad y permite evaluar los factores que influyen en la misma. En 2019, tradujimos, adaptamos transculturalmente y publicamos este cuestionario en español. Con el objetivo de transformar el mismo en una herramienta confiable y accesible, cuya utilidad es indiscutible en el contexto actual, llevamos a cabo un trabajo de investigación que permitió su validación y simplificación.

Abstract Telemedicine is the provision of services by health professionals through the use of information and communication technologies. Its implementation is usually carried out through systems of variable usability. In 2016, Parmanto et al, developed and validated a questionnaire in English that measures its usability and allows to evaluate all factors that influence it. In 2019, we translated, adapted cross-culturally, and published this questionnaire in Spanish. With the aim of transforming it into a reliable and accessible tool, the utility of which is indisputable in the current context, we carried out a research work that allowed its validation and simplification.