[Role of myosins in depression of sensitivity of Helix neurons to acetylcholine in a cellular analog of habituation].

We investigated the involvement of cytoskeleton motor proteins, myosins, in the molecular mechanism of sensitivity depression to acetylcholine in Helix command neurons of defensive behavior in a cellular analog of habituation. There were analyzed the effects of several drugs disturbing myosin function: ML-7 and MLCK-IP-18--blockers of myosin light chain kinase, blebbistatin--an inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II, Y-27632--inhibitor of kinases ROCK-I and ROCK-II (activate mainly non-muscle myosin II) on the depression of acetylcholine-induced inward current. It was found that ML-7 and MLCK-IP- 18 weakened current depression; blebbistatin and Y-27632 did not change the depression. The results of experimental inhibitory analysis and mathematical modeling of the effects of inhibitors on the number of membrane-bound cholinergic receptors allow to suggest the involvement ofmyosins (excluding non-muscle myosin II) in the transports of acetylcholine receptors (endo- and exocytosis) that are responsible for sensitivity changes in neuron somatic membrane to acetylcholine in a cellular analog of habituation.

[Role of actin microfilaments in depression of acetylcholine-induced current in Helix lucorum neurons on cellular analogue of habituation].

Toxins that impair the function of actin microfilaments in cytoskeleton, cytochalasin B (disrupts microfilaments by inhibiting actin polymerization) and phalloidin (binds polymeric F-actin, stabilizing it and interfering with the function of actin-rich structures) reduce the depression of acetylcholine-induced inward current in Helix lucorum command neurons of defensive behavior during rhythmical local acetylcholine applications to soma (cellular analogue of habituation). These results and mathematical simulation allow us to suggest that the depression of cholinosensitivity of extrasynaptic membrane zones in command neurons on the cellular analogue of habituation is associated with the involvement of actin microfilaments in reduction of the number of membrane cholinoreceptors.

[Interaction of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multilamellar liposomes].

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the influence of the flavonoid taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) on the temperature-dependent phase transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multilamellar liposomes. Taxifolin was added to organic solution of the lipid during the procedure of liposomes preparation (addition from-within) or to a suspension of prepared liposomes (addition from-without). In the first case, liposomes contained from 2 to 50 mol% of taxifolin added from-within; in the second case, lyposomes were treated with 0.001% or 0.01% taxifolin. In both cases, the effect was similar. When the concentration of taxifolin increased, the temperature of lipid melting decreased while the width of transition considerably enlarged. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed that taxifolin did not rupture multilamellar liposomes, while the formation of ripple-phase was retarded in all bilayers even when the liposomes were treated from without. This suggested the ability of taxifolin to penetrate through numerous bilayers of multilamellar liposomes.

[Treatment of thorax wounds].

Results of surgical treatment of 154 patients with thorax injuries are analyzed. Most of the patients (93 ps, 60.4%) had penetrating wounds. X-ray examination remains the open most method of diagnosis. The pleural cavity drainage with prolonged aspiration was the main treatment method for the patients with closed thoracic trauma and open trauma without organs injury. Lethality was 7.8% among all the patients and 12.9% among ones with thoracic penetrating wounds. There were no postoperative lethal outcomes. The rate of postoperative complications was 22.7%. Videothoracoscopy and video-assisted mini-thoracotomy are effective methods for diagnosis and treatment, reduce the rate of postoperative complications and lethal outcomes, limit the indications to wide thoracotomy.

[Impact of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on the thyroid morphofunctional state in experimental hyperthyroidism].

Within 5 days of hypoxia there was an increase in thyroid functional activity, but on days 15-30 there was a decrease in T3 and T4 concentrations and an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone. Clear correlations were found between the morphometric indices of the thyroid epithelium and the blood concentration of T3 and T4. There was a relationship between the levels of thyroid hormones and the state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

[Economic effectiveness of using a live measles vaccine in an agricultural area of the Ukrainian SSR]. / Ekonomicheskaia éffektivnost' ispol'zovaniia zhivoi korevoi vaktsiny v usloviiakh sel'skokhoziaistvennoi oblasti USSR.

Economic effectiveness of vaccination against measles in an agricultural region of the Ukrainian SSR has been studied. At the period preceding vaccination expenses for each measles patient in the country were three times as low as those in towns. At the period of vaccination a considerable decrease in expenses covering the payment of sick-leave certificates given to mothers taking care of their sick children, in losses connected with absenteeism, in expenses for gamma globulin prophylaxis and the hospital treatment and outpatient servicing of measles patients was observed due to the sharp drop of the total morbidity rate and the increased number of school children among measles patients. In urban and rural areas the equalization of expenses for each patient occurred. In spite of increased expenses for each measles patient, the considerable economy of sums spent for controlling measles was achieved: about 70,000 rubles per annum.

[Identification of a new steroid transforming strain of mycobacteria as Mycobacterium neoaurum]. / Identifikatsiia novogo shtamma transformiruiushchikh steroidy mikobakterii kak Mycobacterium neoaurum.

The ability to utilize sterols as a sole source of carbon was studied in 80 strains and consortia of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. One of the strains, which efficiently transformed both individual sterols and their mixtures, was identified as Mycobacterium neoaurum, based on the analysis of the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene.

[Comparative aspects of the course of periodic disease without and with amyloidosis (analysis of 437 case studies)]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika techeniia periodicheskoi bolezni bez amiloidoza i s amiloidozom (analiz 437 nabliudenii).

The paper is concerned with an analysis of a course of periodic disease (PD) without and with amyloidosis using also a method of the determination of survival rates in 437 patients followed up for 20 yrs. A course of PD without amyloidosis was benign and did not affect the patients' survival. In the development of amyloidosis the prognosis was unfavorable and determined by a degree of generalization of amyloidosis.

[Effect of alcohol consumption and hepatobiliary pathology on morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity among workers of a brewery]. / Vliianie upotrebleniia alkogolia i gepatobiliarnoi patologii na zabolevaemost' s vremennoi utratoi trudosposobnosti rabotnikov pivovarennogo proizvodstva.

Among brewery workers diseases of the hepatobiliary system are more common in persons directly engaged in the field of production and regularly consuming liquor and beer. Chronic liver and biliary tract diseases contribute to an increase in morbidity with temporary loss of working capacity, prolong the period of treatment, on the whole, and in traumatic diseases in particular. Expenditure on temporary loss of working capacity per 1 patient among those consuming liquor was 32.8% higher than that among abstainers, and in the presence of hepatobiliary pathology 70% higher than in persons without it.

[Diagnostic significance of determining gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood serum and bile in viral hepatitis B and in bile duct inflammation]. / Diagnosticheskoe znachenie opredeleniia aktivnosti gamma-glutamil- transpeptidazy i shchelochnoi fosfatazy v syvorotke krovi i zhelchi pri virusnom gepatite B i vospalenii zhelchnykh putei.

Diagnostic importance of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities estimation in bile was demonstrated during inflammation of biliary ducts and gallbladder. Activation of these enzymes in B-bile in cholecystitis and in B- and C-bile--in cholecystocholangitis enabled to perform topical diagnosis. Correlation between the enzymatic activity in bile and blood allowed to diagnose acute viral hepatitis B and its combination with inflammation of biliary cuts.

[Importance of carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and cholylglycine in differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis B and mechanical jaundice]. / Znachenie rakovo-émbrional'nogo antigena, alpha-fetoproteina i kholilglitsina v diferentsial'noi diagnostike virusnogo gepatita B i mekhanicheskoi zheltukhi.

Fifty-four patients with viral hepatitis B (VHB) were examined at the height of the disease as were 30 patients with mechanical jaundice (MJ) of tumorous etiology and 19 normal persons. Mechanical jaundice was mainly characterized by a considerable growth of the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen, whereas VHB by an increase of the cholylglycine level. Concomitant detection of those markers can be used in differential diagnosis of parenchymatous jaundice and mechanical jaundice of tumorous etiology. Alterations of the alpha-fetoprotein level were of no information content.

[Isolation of protoplasts of Xanthomonas rubrilineans and their use in the study of localization of aminopeptidases]. / Poluchenie protoplastov Xanthomonas rubrilineans i ikh ispol'zovanie dlia izucheniia lokalizatsii aminopeptidaz.

The culture of Xanthomonas rubrilineans was able to synthesize a number of intracellular aminopeptidases. To study localization of the enzymes in the cells, a protoplasting procedure was developed providing the yield of 99.7 per cent. The following subcellular fractions were isolated: periplasmic, cytoplasmic and membranous. It was shown that alanine aminopeptidase was a cytoplasmic enzyme and glutamate peptidase was a membrane-bound enzyme.

[Leukergic reaction in viral hepatitis to antibacterial preparations]. / Leikergicheskaia reaktsiia pri virusnom gepatite na antibakeri al'nye preparaty.

Forty-one patients with virus hepatitis were examined. The leukergic reactions were determined with the agglomeration test with the use of benzylpenicillin, levomycetin, erythromycin, sulfadimesine, furazolidone and some pathogenic agents, such as nicodine, oxaphenamide, lipamide, methacyl. The control group consisted of 10 healthy persons. During the acute stage of the disease the positive tests with the use of the antibacterial drugs ranged from 31.6 to 47.2 per cent, while during the period of reconvalescence they amounted to 0-20 per cent. The frequency of leukergia to the antibacterial drugs also depended on the severity of the disease. The leukergic reactions to the pathogenic agents were observed rarely even among the healthy persons.