The Influence of Climate Parameters on Maintenance of Wind Farms-A Galician Case Study.

There are different monitoring procedures in wind farms with two main objectives: (i) to improve energy production by the capability of the national electrical network and (ii) to reduce the stooped hours due to preventive and or corrective maintenance activities. In this sense, different sensors are employed to sample in real-time the working conditions of equipment, the electrical production and the weather conditions. Despite this, just the anemometer measurement can be related to the more important errors of interruption of power regulation and anemometer errors. Both errors are related to gusty winds and contribute to more than 33% of the cost of a wind farm. The present paper reports some mathematical relations between weather and maintenance but there are no extreme values of each variable that let us predict a near failure and its corresponding loss of working hours. To achieve this, statistical analysis identifies the relation between weather variables and errors and different models are obtained. What is more, due to the difficulty and economic implications involving the implementation of complex algorithms and techniques of artificial intelligence, it is still a challenge to optimize this process. Finally, the obtained results show a particular case study that can be extrapolated to other wind farms after different case studies to adjust the model to different weather regions, and serve as a useful tool for weather maintenance.

Perception of Bullying in Early Childhood Education in Spain: Pre-School Teachers vs. Psychologists.

In this work, quantitative research is carried out on the perceptions of early childhood education teachers and child psychologists about the incidence of bullying behaviors in early childhood education (3 to 6 years old) and their knowledge and experience in this regard. For this purpose, two questionnaires were used, each of them oriented to one of the two groups of professionals analyzed, whose answers were subjected to statistical analysis. As for results, it has been obtained that early childhood education teachers express having received deficient training in school bullying and have little experience in its detection and treatment. Furthermore, the teachers' conception of bullying occurring in their own schools is not realistic and differs from the knowledge they have of the existence of bullying behavior in other schools. Likewise, the existence of action plans against bullying in the school conditions the teachers' assessments. The assessments held by psychologists differ significantly from those of teachers, mainly in the identification of the origin of bullying (which teachers attribute to the use of digital technologies and psychologists to the social and family environment of the aggressor). Finally, some implications and recommendations in terms of the training of educational professionals on bullying and the need for greater collaboration between teachers and psychologists are reported.

On the Influence of the University Tenure on the Digital Pandemic Stress in Higher Education Faculty.

This paper conducts quantitative research on the levels of stress generated in Latin American professors due to the abrupt digitalization of higher education resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the differences in this digital stress between professors from private and public universities are analyzed. For this purpose, a validated questionnaire has been used and passed to a sample of 750 professors from 20 different Latin American countries, whose responses have been statistically analyzed. As results, it has been obtained that there are no significant differences between the average levels of digital stress of professors of private and public universities due to the pandemic. However, the way in which this digital stress has affected Latin American professors according to gender and age is different depending on the university tenure. As a consequence, some implications and recommendations derived from the results are presented.

Dataset for polyphonic sound event detection tasks in urban soundscapes: The synthetic polyphonic ambient sound source (SPASS) dataset.

This paper presents the Synthetic Polyphonic Ambient Sound Source (SPASS) dataset, a publicly available synthetic polyphonic audio dataset. SPASS was designed to train deep neural networks effectively for polyphonic sound event detection (PSED) in urban soundscapes. SPASS contains synthetic recordings from five virtual environments: park, square, street, market, and waterfront. The data collection process consisted of the curation of different monophonic sound sources following a hierarchical class taxonomy, the configuration of the virtual environments with the RAVEN software library, the generation of all stimuli, and the processing of this data to create synthetic recordings of polyphonic sound events with their associated metadata. The dataset contains 5000 audio clips per environment, i.e., 25,000 stimuli of 10 s each, virtually recorded at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz. This effort is part of the project ``Integrated System for the Analysis of Environmental Sound Sources: FuSA System'' in the city of Valdivia, Chile, which aims to develop a system for detecting and classifying environmental sound sources through deep Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models.

Influence of Country Digitization Level on Digital Pandemic Stress.

A quick and effective solution to address the immediate change in teaching methods after the COVID-19 pandemic was digital learning environments (DLEs). The way in which this process of change towards DLEs was tackled was different around the world, depending on multiple factors, including the level of digitization, technology, and innovation. This paper conducts quantitative research on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adaptation of university professors to DLEs. In order to achieve this objective, a sample of 723 university professors from 15 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean was taken. The participants' self-perception of the stress generated and their levels of digital competence during the COVID-19 pandemic were studied according to the Global Innovation Index (GII) of their country of origin. The results show that professors have an intermediate-high self-perception of both their digital competence and their ability to adapt to DLEs. It is also shown that neither the professors' level of digital competence nor the GII of the country of origin fully explain the level of pandemic stress regarding the use of DLEs. This fact suggests that there must be other influential factors to consider, thus opening new lines of future research.

Digital Pandemic Stress in Higher Education in Venezuela.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the process of integrating digital technologies in higher education and caused digital stress among professors, mainly in countries with a lower level of digitalization. In this work, quantitative research was carried out on the stress of professors in Venezuela due to the digitalization of their teaching activities caused by the pandemic, and gender gaps were identified in this regard. This digital stress was compared with that of professors in other countries with a low level of digitalization. For this purpose, a questionnaire designed by the authors was used. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 129 Venezuelan professors and 132 professors from countries with low digitalization levels. As a result, it was found that Venezuelan professors have lower digital competence and lower digital stress than their colleagues in weakly digitized countries, and that digital stress decreases as digital competence increases. Moreover, among Venezuelan professors, there was a strong gender gap in digital stress, which was higher among females in all subject areas, except for Health Sciences. This gender gap is specific to Venezuela since it differs from that in countries with low digital levels. According to the results, we urgently recommend investing resources in the digital training of faculty members, especially in regards to the integration of female professors.

Impact of Using Facemasks on Literacy Learning: The Perception of Early Childhood Education Teachers.

In this work, quantitative research is carried out on the importance that educators give to literacy work in early childhood education classrooms and the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of facemasks have had on it. To this end, a survey designed for this purpose has been used, which has been passed on to a set of 112 Spanish early childhood educators. The teachers surveyed occupy different positions in the classroom (tutors, support technicians, specialists in bilingualism, therapeutic pedagogy and speech and hearing), and, in addition, they themselves learned to read from different methods of literacy learning (synthetic or analytical). The results found in this study indicate that educators express intermediate evaluations of the importance of literacy work in the classroom, higher if it is done through digital resources, and higher for the synthetic method than for the analytical method. In addition, the impact of the use of masks on literacy learning was rated as very negative. On the other hand, gaps have been identified in the above perceptions by the position occupied in the classroom and by the method used to learn to read. Finally, some actions are suggested to homogenize the perceptions of the different professionals, and some lines of research are proposed.

Fire Analysis of Timber-Framed Walls Lined with Gypsum.

This investigation analyses the influence of the depth and the distance between studs on the fire resistance of lightweight timber-framed (LTF) walls lined with gypsum plasterboards. The simplified model used to determine the fire resistance in Eurocode EN 1995-1-2 provides very conservative values, as few parameters are considered. The new generation of Eurocode EN 1995-1-2 includes an upgrade of the simplified model, allowing us to predict the fire resistance of LTF wall assemblies more accurately. This separating function method considers the number, the thickness and the material of the protection layers, but does not explicitly consider the variation of the depth and the distance between the studs for the calculation of the insulation time of the assembly, besides including some limitations for both parameters. To demonstrate the influence of these parameters, 36 numerical simulations were carried out using the finite element method previously validated with experimental tests. The results obtained from the parametric analyses confirmed that such parameters affect the fire resistance of the LTF wall assemblies in a significant way. In addition, the results revealed an important contribution in the study of LTF wall assemblies against fire resistance, demonstrating the need for including extra geometric parameters in the simplified model in order to increase the accuracy of current models.

Educational trends post COVID-19 in engineering: Virtual laboratories.

The rapid advance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in recent times and the current pandemic caused by COVID-19 have profoundly transformed society and the economy in most of the world. The education sector has benefited from this ICT-driven revolution, which has provided and expanded multiple new tools and teaching methods that did not exist just a few decades ago. In light of this technological change, virtual laboratories (VLs) based on the use of virtual reality (VR) have emerged, which are increasingly used to facilitate the teaching-learning process in a wide range of training activities, both academic and professional types. The set of advantages offered by this type of VL, the main of which are listed in this article, has made its use increasingly common as support for engineering classes at universities. This paper presents a study involving 420 engineering students from Spanish and Portuguese universities and associated analyses on the assessment of different parameters in various VLs designed by the authors. The results obtained indicate that, in general, VR-based VLs are widely accepted and demanded by students, who likewise consider real laboratories (RLs) necessary in face-to-face teaching. In the current post-COVID-19 educational scenario, VLs and RLs will coexist within the new hybrid models that combine face-to-face and online teaching and learning.

New Opportunities in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Bench to Bedside and Back.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing public health problem in nearly 50% of patients with heart failure. Therefore, research on new strategies for its diagnosis and management has become imperative in recent years. Few drugs have successfully improved clinical outcomes in this population. Therefore, numerous attempts are being made to find new pharmacological interventions that target the main mechanisms responsible for this disease. In recent years, pathological mechanisms such as cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, alterations in calcium handling, NO pathway disturbance, and neurohumoral or mechanic impairment have been evaluated as new pharmacological targets showing promising results in preliminary studies. This review aims to analyze the new strategies and mechanical devices, along with their initial results in pre-clinical and different phases of ongoing clinical trials for HFpEF patients. Understanding new mechanisms to generate interventions will allow us to create methods to prevent the adverse outcomes of this silent pandemic.

[Cardiac compromise in patients recovered from COVID-19 without troponin elevation assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging]. / Hallazgos en resonancia cardiaca post COVID-19 en pacientes sin elevación de troponinas.

Background: The disease caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) affects the cardiovascular system, whether by direct viral aggression or indirectly through systemic inflammation and multiple organ compromise. A widely used method to determine cardiac injury is troponin measurement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of cardiac involvement (CINV) in a population recovered from COVID-19, referred to cardiac MRI (CMR), who did not present troponin elevation. Methods: There were 156 patients that recovered from COVID-19 and who did not present troponin elevation referred to CMR. CINV was considered to be the presence of: late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), edema, myocarditis, pericarditis, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and/or depressed right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD). Results: Prevalence of CINV was 28.8%, being more frequent in men (p=0.002), in patients who required hospitalization (p=0.04) and in those who experienced non-mild cases of infection (p=0.007). RVSD (17.9%) and LVSD (13.4%) were the most frequent findings. The rate of myocarditis was 0.6%. LGE manifested in 7.1% of patients and its presence was related to less left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p=0.0001) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p=0.04). Conclusion: In patients who recovered from COVID-19, 28.8% of CINV was found. It was more frequent in men, in patients who required admission and in patients with cases of non-mild infection. The patients that presented LGE had less LVEF and RVSF.

Antecedentes: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) afecta al sistema cardiovascular, ya sea mediante la agresión directa viral o indirectamente por medio de la inflamación sistémica y afectación multiorgánica. Las troponinas son ampliamente utilizadas para determinar lesión cardiaca. La finalidad de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de afectación cardiaca (ACARD) en una población recuperada de COVID-19, derivada a resonancia magnética cardiaca (RMC), sin elevación de troponinas al momento del estudio. Métodos: Ciento cincuenta y seis pacientes que se recuperaron de COVID-19 y que no presentaron elevación de troponinas fueron derivados a RMC. Se consideró ACARD a la presencia de: realce tardío de gadolinio (RTG), edema, miocarditis, pericarditis, deterioro de la función sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo (DFSVI) y/o depresión de la función sistólica del ventrículo derecho (DFSVD). Resultados: La prevalencia de ACARD fue del 28.8%, siendo más frecuente en hombres (p = 0.002), en pacientes que requirieron hospitalización (p = 0.04) y en aquellos que cursaron cuadro no leve de infección (p = 0.007). La DFSVD (17.9%) y la DFSVI (13.4%) fueron las hallazgos más frecuentes. La frecuencia de miocarditis fue del 0.6%. El RTG se manifestó en el 7.1% de los pacientes y se relacionó con menor fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) (p = 0.0001) y derecho (FEVD) (p = 0.04). Conclusión: La prevalencia de ACARD fue del 28.8%. Esta es más frecuente en hombres, en pacientes que requirieron internación y que cursaron cuadros de infección no leve. La miocarditis presentó una prevalencia muy baja. Los pacientes que presentaron RTG tuvieron menor FEVI y FSVD.

Common midwife toad ranaviruses replicate first in the oral cavity of smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) and show distinct strain-associated pathogenicity.

Ranavirus is the second most common infectious cause of amphibian mortality. These viruses affect caudates, an order in which information regarding Ranavirus pathogenesis is scarce. In the Netherlands, two strains (CMTV-NL I and III) were suspected to possess distinct pathogenicity based on field data. To investigate susceptibility and disease progression in urodeles and determine differences in pathogenicity between strains, 45 adult smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) were challenged via bath exposure with these ranaviruses and their detection in organs and feces followed over time by PCR, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Ranavirus was first detected at 3 days post infection (p.i.) in the oral cavity and upper respiratory mucosa. At 6 days p.i, virus was found in connective tissues and vasculature of the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, from 9 days p.i onwards there was widespread Ranavirus disease in various organs including skin, kidneys and gonads. Higher pathogenicity of the CMTV-NL I strain was confirmed by higher correlation coefficient of experimental group and mortality of challenged animals. Ranavirus-exposed smooth newts shed virus in feces intermittently and infection was seen in the absence of lesions or clinical signs, indicating that this species can harbor subclinical infections and potentially serve as disease reservoirs.

Cirugía de reducción de base alar: aspectos fundamentales y técnica quirúrgica / Alar base reduction surgery: fundamental aspects and surgical technique

La cirugía de remodelación o reducción de la base alar, también conocida como aloplastía o alotomía, es un procedimiento orientado a modificar el ancho, la forma de las narinas y la base de la nariz. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las indicaciones generales de una alotomía, sus consideraciones anatómicas y las técnicas quirúrgicas más frecuentemente utilizadas.

Alar base remodeling or reduction surgery, also known as alloplasty or allotomy, is a procedure aimed at modifying the width and shape of the nostrils and the base of the nose. The objective of this review is to describe the general indications for an allotomy, its anatomical considerations, and the most frequently used surgical techniques.

[Not Available]. / Menús ofertados en centros de educación infantil de Sevilla: adecuación a criterios nutricionales y a las recomendaciones dietéticas.

Introducción: en la actualidad existe un déficit en la evaluación de comedores dirigidos a niños menores de 3 años, a pesar de que se han realizado numerosas intervenciones en los comedores escolares con el fin de conseguir una alimentación segura y adecuada.Objetivo: realizar una evaluación nutricional de los menús ofertados en los centros de educación infantil de Sevilla.Material y métodos: se evaluó la frecuencia, variedad, rotación de alimentos, métodos culinarios e información de los menús de seis centros infantiles de Sevilla. Se valoró el aporte energético y nutricional mediante el programa Dietowin® y el método de pesada.Resultados: las frutas y verduras fueron deficitarias en la mayoría de los menús, y excesivas la carne, patatas, pasta y arroz. Se observó una escasa variedad de recetas por grupo de alimentos y no se daba una información completa del menú. Sin embargo, la variedad de procesos culinarios y la rotación de alimentos fueron adecuadas. Aunque la energía y el aporte de carbohidratos (~55%) se ajustaban a las necesidades, se observó un aporte excesivo de proteínas (~19%) y deficiente de lípidos (< 30%), sobre todo de grasas insaturadas. Respecto a los micronutrientes,solo vitamina C, E y calcio estaban por debajo de lo recomendado.Conclusiones: los centros de educación infantil están haciendo un gran esfuerzo por cumplir las recomendaciones nutricionales, pero todavía deben disminuir el aporte proteico y aumentar las grasas insaturadas de la dieta. Además, deben fomentar la oferta de frutas y verduras, ampliar la variedad de recetas, dar mayor información y disminuir el aporte de alimentos cárnicos.

Riesgo de hemorragia postquirúrgica en pacientes bajo tratamiento antitrombótico sometidos a cirugía oral: Revisión Sistemática y Metaanálisis / Risk of postsurgical hemorrhage in patients with antitrombotic treatment undergoing oral surgery: A systematic review and Metanalysis

RESUMEN: Introducción: el objetivo de esta revisión fue determinar el riesgo de hemorragia postoperatoria en pacientes con tratamiento anticoagulante oral (TACO) sometidos a cirugía oral que no suspenden su tratamiento comparado con quienes lo modifican o suspenden. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en CENTRAL, Medline y EMBASE, junto con una revisión manual de revistas especializadas y resúmenes de la IADR. Dos revisores realizaron la selección de estudios, evaluación de riesgo de sesgo y extracción de datos de forma independiente. Se seleccionaron los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que miden la aparición de hemorragias en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos orales con TACO en comparación con un grupo que interrumpió o modificó su terapia. Resultados: Solo 5 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (549 pacientes). El metanálisis mostró que el mantenimiento de la TACO no aumenta el riesgo de hemorragia postoperatoria (riesgo relativo: 1,41 [0,93 - 2,16], IC del 95% p = 0,11) en comparación con la interrupción del tratamiento. Conclusión: Aunque se encontró una mayor cantidad de hemorragia postoperatoria en pacientes con TACO comparado con quienes lo interrumpieron o modificaron, esta diferencia no fue estadística ni clínicamente significativa. Por lo tanto, TACO no debe suspenderse en pacientes sometidos a cirugía oral.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This systematic review aims to determine the postoperative bleeding risk in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) undergoing oral surgical procedures when continuing with the treatment, compared with those modifying or discontinuing the treatment. Materials and methods: A search was performed using CENTRAL, Medline and EMBASE, in conjunction with a manual review of indexes of specialized journals and abstracts of the IADR. Study selection, assessments of risk of bias and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Randomized clinical trials measuring the occurrence of bleeding in patients on OAT undergoing oral surgical procedures compared with a group discontinuing or modifying their therapy were selected. Results: A total of 5 studies were included based on inclusion criteria (549 patients). The meta-analysis showed that the maintenance of OAT does not increases the risk of postoperative bleeding (relative risk [RR] 1.41 [0.93 - 2.16]; 95% CI p= 0,11) compared with the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion: Although a larger quantity of oral postoperative bleeding episodes were found in patients continuing with OAT compared with patients discontinuing or modifying their therapy, this difference was neither statistically nor clinically significant. Therefore, OAT should not be discontinued in patients undergoing oral surgery.

Evaluation in vitro of cytotoxicity of dentin desensitizers on human gingival fibroblasts / Evaluación in vitro de la citotoxicidad dedesensibilizantes dentinarios en fibroblastos gingivales humanos

The purpose of this study is to compare the cytotoxic effect of threematerials, which have been used for treating dental hypersensitivity. Materialand method: In vitro study. Clinpro (3M Co, St. Paul, MN. USA), Seal & Protect(Dentsply, DeTrey GmbH. Germany) and UltraEZ (Ultradent Products,Inc., S. South Jordan UT. USA) were used at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001g/ml on human gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, Clinpro and Seal & Protect were applied to this cell culture as polymerized disks. Toxicity was assessed at 24 and 48 hours by the use of the cell viability assay (MTT). Statistical analysis for cell viability was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical significance was set at 5 percent. Results: Seal & Protect and Clinpro were found to be highly toxic at 24 and 48 hours, reaching 70 percent toxicity at concentrations over 0.01g/ml. Seal & Protect and Clinpro polymerized disks were toxic at 24 and 48 hours. UltraEZ showed an increased between 46 percent and 67 percent in cell viability at 24 hours and between 8 percent and 45 percent at 48 hours. Statistical analysis showed differences between these three desensitizers when comparing concentration and control group (p<0.05). Discussion: UltraEZ did not have a cytotoxic effect and may be considered a compatible and safe material, whereas polymerized and non-polymerized Clinpro and Seal & Protect should be used with caution...

Introduccion: El proposito de este estudio es comparar el efecto citotoxico de tres materiales que se han utilizado para el tratamiento de la hipersensibilidad dental. Material y metodo: Estudio in-vitro. Los desensibilizantes dentinarios Clinpro (3M ESPE), Seal&Protect (Dentsply) yUltraEZ (Ultradent) fueron utilizados a concentraciones de 0,1; 0,05; 0,01 y 0,001 g/ml sobre cultivos celulares de fibroblastos gingivales humanos. Ademas, Clinpro y Seal&Protect se aplicaron a este cultivo celular como discos polimerizados. La toxicidad se evaluo a 24 y 48 horas mediante ensayo de viabilidad (MTT). El analisis estadistico para la viabilidad celular se realizo mediante ANOVA de dos vias seguido de analisis Tukey. La significancia estadistica se fijo al 5 por ciento. Resultados: Clinpro y Seal&Protect resultaron ser altamente toxicos a las 24 y 48 horas, alcanzando un 70 por ciento de toxicidad aconcentraciones superiores de 0,01 g/ml. Los discos polimerizadosde Clinpro y Seal&Protect fueron toxicos a 24 y 48 horas. UltraEZ produjo un aumento de la viabilidad celular entre un 46 por ciento y 67 por ciento a las 24 horas y entre un 8 por ciento y 45 por ciento a las 48 horas. El analisis estadistico mostro diferencias entreestos tres desensibilizantes al comparar la concentracion y su grupo control (p<0,05). Discusion: UltraEZ no tuvo efecto citotoxico y puede ser considerado como un material compatible y seguro para ser utilizado, mientras que Clinpro y Seal&Protect en su estado polimerizado y no polimerizado deberian ser utilizados con precaucion...

Dosis mínima preoperatoria de dexametasona endovenosa comocoadyuvante de antiinflamatorio no esteroidal en el manejo deldolor postoperatorio de operación cesárea / Preoperative minimum dosage of intravenous dexamethasone as a helper to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medicine in C section postoperative pain management

La operación cesárea (CS) es una cirugía mayor abdominal que genera dolor moderado a severo en el periodo postoperatorio. Se han utilizado diversos esquemas analgésicos basados en combinaciones de dos o más medicamentos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la utilidad de la dexamentasona(DXM) como coadyuvante de antiinflamatorios no esteroidales(AINEs) en el manejo del dolor postoperatorio de la operación CS. Se estudiaron pacientes cursando embarazo de términoprogramadas para operación CS electiva bajo anestesia espinal(AE), sin contraindicación de anestesia regional o utilización de DXM. Se dividieron en 3 grupos: Grupo 1 (n=18): 8 mL de Suero fisiológico (SF), administrado 5 minutos previos a la realización de la AE, Grupo 2 (n=18): 0,05 mg/Kg de DXM en 8 mL de SF, administrado 5 minutos previos a la realización de la AE, Grupo3 (n=18): 0,1 mg/Kg de DXM en 8 mL de SF, administrado5 minutos previos a la realización de la AE. Para la analgesia postoperatoria se administró metamizol sódico y ketoprofeno. Como terapia de rescate analgésico se utilizó morfina endovenosa. Se realizó medición de glicemia a las puérperas y su recién nacido. El dolor postoperatorio se registró a las 1, 4,8, 16, 24 y 48 horas mediante escala visual análoga (EVA). Se registró el consumo de morfina, incidencia de efectos adversos, complicaciones postoperatorias e índice de satisfacción de las pacientes. No hubo diferencias en los parámetros demográficos de los grupos de estudio. La medición de las glicemias maternas y de los recién nacidos fueron similares en los 3 grupos. La medición de EVA postoperatorio fue significativamente menor en los grupos 2 y 3 versus el grupo 1 entre las 4 y 16 horas del postoperatorio. El consumo de morfina fue menor en los grupos2 y 3 versus el grupo 1.Este ensayo clínico prospectivo, aleatorizado y doble ciego demostró que una dosis de 0,05 mg/kg de DXM EV preoperatoria reduce el dolor postoperatorio...

C-section (CS) is major abdominal surgery that causes moderate to severe pain during the postoperative period. A number of analgesic methods have been used based on two or more medicine combinations. The object of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of Dexamethasone (DXM) as a helper to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medicine in the management of CS postoperative pain. The study included full term pregnant patients programmed to undergo CS under spinal anesthesia (SA) for whom there was no regional anesthesia or DXM contraindication. Patients werestudied in three groups: Group 1 (n=18): 8 mL of physiological saline solution (PSS) passed five minutes before SA; Group 2(n=18): 0.05 mg/Kg of DXM in 8 mL of PSS passed five minutes before the SA; Group 3(n=18): 0,1 mg/Kg of DXM in 8 m Lof PSS passed five minutes before the SA. For postoperative analgesia patients received metamizole sodium and ketoprofen. As a rescue analgesic therapy, intravenous morphine was administered. Patients and their newly born babies were tested to measure glycemia levels. Postoperative pain occurred after 1,4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours and was measured using the analogue visual scale (AVS). The use of morphine was registered, impact of negative effects, postoperative complications and patients’level of satisfaction. The study groups showed no differences in demographic parameters. Measurements of glycemia levels in both mothers and babies were similar in all three groups. Postoperative AVS measurement was significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 compared to those in group 1 between 4 hours and 16 hours during the postoperative period. Morphine consumption in groups 2 and 3was lower compared to group 1.This prospective, randomized, and double blind clinical trial showed that a 0.05 mg/kg of preoperative intravenous DXM dose reduces postoperative pain when in association with NSAIs...