[Spectrophotometric method of evaluating tumor cell agglutination induced by lectins]. / Spektrofotometricheskiui metod otsenki aggliutinatsii opukholevykh kletok, vyzyvaemykh lektinami.

The lectin (PHA and Con A) induced agglutination of a human tumour cell line (lung adenocarcinoma and osteosarcoma) was estimated by the spectrophotometric method. A decrease in the optic density for 1 min (delta D) of cell suspension and the time (t0) necessary for a complete sedimentation of cells (at delta D = 0) were used as quantitative indicators of agglutination. An increase in the concentration of tumour cells and lectins resulted in an increase of delta D and a decrease of t0. The results of spectrophotometry were correlated with the microscopic study data for tumour cells agglutination.

[Changes in lectin-induced agglutination of human tumor cells during the process of their reversion]. / Izmeneniia indutsirovannoi lektinami aggliutinatsii opukholevykh kletok cheloveka v protsesse ikh reversii.

The concanavalin A-induced agglutination of cultivated cells of human osteosarcoma Sa-4 was studied in the process of their reversion caused by high polar compounds, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMFA). Primarily lectin induced an expressed ability to agglutination in Sa-4 cells. In the process of tumour cell reversion under the effect of chemical inducers their agglutination decreases. After the DMSO and DMFA removal the osteosarcoma cells return to their initial state showing a high agglutination. Other high-polar compounds (N-methylformamide and dimethylacetamide) induced no reversion of Sa-4 cells and no agglutination of them as well.

[Pharmacokinetic validation of the antitumor efficacy of aclarubicin administered by various routes in CBF1 mice with Ca 755 carcinoma]. / Farmakokineticheskoe obosnovanie protivoopukholevoiéffektivnosti aklarubitsina pri razlichnykh sposobakh primeneniia u myshei linii CBF1 s kartsinomoi Ca 775.

Aclarubicin was established to be more active against murine mammary gland carcinoma Ca 755 after its intravenous injection as compared to oral administration. Pharmacokinetics of aclarubicin and its biologically active metabolites MA 144 N1, MA 144 T1 and MA 144 M1 was studied by HPLC in the tumour tissues. Not only quantitative but also qualitative differences in the ratios of the unchanged antibiotic and its metabolites in tumour Ca 755 were detected after aclarubicin administration by these methods. Diverse therapeutic activity was shown to be due to these differences.

[Effect of different types of interferon on the natural cellular cytotoxicity of lung cancer patients]. / Vliianie razlichnykh tipov interferona na estestvennuiu kletochnuiu tsitotoksichnost' u bol'nykh rakom legkikh.

The natural killer cell cytotoxicity was studied in the 4 hour and 18 hour cytotoxic reaction with cultured human tumour cells (K562 and lung adenocarcinoma) labelled by 51Cr. The natural killer cell activity of cancer patients was lowered only in 4 hour cytotoxic reaction with target cells K562. The natural and recombinant leucocyte interferon and natural immune interferon stimulated in vitro the activity of natural killer cells in most of the experiments (80.5 %) in the 4 hour and 18 hour cytotoxic reactions both from patients with initially lowered level, and with normal or high level of cytotoxic action of natural killer cells. In some experiments interferon preparations did not significantly influence the lysis of tumour cells or even suppressed the activity of effector cells. The heterogeneity of the population of natural killer cells and different immunomodulating effects of interferon were discussed.

[Inhibitory effect of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, on the activity of suppressor cells in mice]. / Ingibiruiushchii éffekt aklarubitsina na aktivnost' suppressornykh kletok u myshei.

Antisuppressant activity of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, was studied on models of immunodepression induced in vivo by concanavalin A or associated with progressive tumor growth. In vivo in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg aclarubicin markedly lowered or completely eliminated the ability of concanavalin A to induce activity on the suppressor cells in the mouse spleen. In vitro in doses of 0.0001 to 0.01 micrograms/ml aclarubicin decreased the suppressing activity of the splenocytes from mice with solid tumors in regard to spontaneous proliferation of the lymphoid cells.

[Experimental antimetastatic activity of aclarubicin]. / Antimetastaticheskaia aktivnost' aklarubitsina v éksperimente.

Marked antimetastatic activity of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, was demonstrated on models of spontaneous and artificial metastases of murine tumors such as Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16. The activity depended on the antibiotic dose and administration regimen. The highest antitumor effect of aclarubicin was observed when the antibiotic was used at the earliest periods after intravenous injection of the tumor cells (the model of artificial metastases) or after amputation of the limb with the tumor (spontaneous metastases). Aclarubicin was active after administration by any of the routes used: intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral, the latter by its efficiency being not inferior to the parenteral administration. When used intravenously aclarubicin showed activity similar to that of adriamycin. However, after oral administration only aclarubicin had antimetastatic action.

[Microbial ecology of laboratory animals as a model in evaluation of the immunomodulating and antimicrobial agents]. / Mikrobnaia ékologiia laboratornykh zhivotnykh kak model' pri otsenke immunomoduliruiushchikh i antimikrobnykh agentov.

Rats with altered microbial ecology and decreased colonization resistance due to neutropenia induced by cyclophosphamide were used as a model for estimating the effect of bacterial polysaccharides (lactulose and exopolysaccharide from Bacillus polymyxa) and fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin). Monotherapy with pefloxacin had a favourable effect both on normalization on the intestinal microflora in the rats and their hemopoiesis (decreased neutropenia). The highest correcting effect with respect to the lowered colonization resistance was observed when pefloxacin was used in combination with exopolysaccharide.

[Effect of cyclosporin on tumor xenotransplantation under the renal capsule in mice]. / Effekt tsiklosporina na ksenotransplantatsiiu opukholei pod kapsulu pochki u myshei.

Stimulating effect of cyclosporine on growth and invasiveness of tumor xenographts was studied on a model of rat solid sarcoma M-1 transplanted under the kidney capsule in mice. Cyclosporine was administered subcutaneously in a dose of 25 or 75 mg/kg on days 1-7. The stimulating effect of cyclosporine was directly associated with the immunodepressant dose and accompanied by a decrease in the thymus weight. With using cyclosporine the model of xenographts under the kidney capsule can be of value in screening cytostatics and immunomodulators.

[Combined chemotherapy of experimental infection in neutropenia]. / Kombinirovannaia khimioterapiia eksperimental'nykh infektsii na fone neitropenii.

A significant decrease in resistance to infections caused by gramnegative pathogens was observed in mice with neutropenia induced by cytostatics. Efficacy of schemes for combined chemotherapy with beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and a novel peptide antibiotic was studied on model infections in mice with neutropenia. In the neutropenic mice with sepsis caused by Pseudomonas the peptide antibiotic administered parenterally in a single dose of 50 micrograms/kg provided high therapeutic activity. In combination with azlocillin, cefotaxime and amikacin the peptide antibiotic has a synergistic therapeutic action.

[Multifactor analysis of the immunomodulating properties of aclarubicin]. / Mnogofaktornyi analiz immunomoduliruiushchikh svoistv aklarubitsina.

The effect of different doses of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic and different regimens of its use on the cellular and humoral immune response in mice with semisyngeneic carcinoma 755 was studied with using multifactor experiments. The resulting quantitative data were computer processed and 2nd order polynomial equations reflecting regressive relationships between the indices being studied and expressed graphically were developed. The analysis indicated that it was possible to use multifactor experiments for studying relationships between various factors defining this or that effect and in particular for determining optimal interaction between therapeutic and immunological activity of antitumor drugs.

[Experimental rationale for the feasibility of using sulacillin for the prevention of infectious complications of combined radiation and thermal injuries]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie vozmozhnosti primeneniia sulatsillina dlia profilaktiki infektsionnykh ozlozhnenii kombinirovannykh radiatsionno-termicheskikh porazhenii.

Concurrent radiation and thermal injury (IRTI) was simulated in Wistar rats. For prevention of the autoinfectious complications sulacillin, a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam, was used. The use of sulacillin was started on the onset of IRTI and continued for 7 days. The drug was administered intramuscularly twice a day. It was observed that the 8-day survival of the animals increased by more than 40 per cent and the statistical levels of bacteremia and bacterial endotoxemia significantly decreased. The experiments showed that sulacillin had no side immunodepressive effect and did not aggravate the affection of the blood system. The drug was recommended for further studies to provide evidence for rational schemes of antibacterial therapy in IRTI.

[Study of the immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine in experimental studies]. / Izuchenie immunosupressivnogo deistviia tsiklosporina v éksperimente.

Specific immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine prepared at the National Research Centre of Antibiotics by using its original producing culture was studied. It inhibited basic cellular immune responses such as DTH and transplant vs. host and prolonged the lifespan of tumor xenografts under the kidney capsule. Cyclosporine also suppressed the humoral immunity. Its inhibitory effect on lymphocyte blast transformation induced by lectins and in mixed lymphocyte cultures was shown in vitro. Cyclosporine inhibited activity of natural killer cells and T-suppressor cells induced by concanavalin A. It was demonstrated on the models of skin allotransplantation in mice and heterotopic transplantation of the heart in rats that cyclosporine prolonged the transplant lifespan. By the main indices of the cellular immunity and in the models of the transplantation immunity, cyclosporine prepared at the National Research Centre of Antibiotics was shown to be similar to that manufactured by Sandoz.

[Experience with using aclarubicin in the treatment of acute leukemia and blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia]. / Opyt primeneniia aklarubitsina v terapii ostrykh leikozov i blastnogo kriza khronicheskogo mieloleikoza.

The clinical efficacy of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, was studied in 48 patients with leukemia. The antibiotic was used in the following combinations with cytarabine: "7 + 7", "5 + 5" and "7 & 3". A complete remission was stated in 14 (42.4 per cent) out of 33 patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia, 6 (43 per cent) out of the 14 patients having relapses. The combined therapy was effective in 4 out of 5 pre-resistant patients. The "7 + 3" scheme was the most beneficial. The most common adverse reactions were nausea and vomiting.

[Composition and immunological activity of membrane-bound surface glycoprotein from Crithidia oncopelti]. / Sostav i immunologicheskaia aktivnos't membranosviazannogo poverkhnostnogo glikoproteina Crithidia oncopelti.

A membrane-bound glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 10000-12000 was isolated from Crithidia oncopelti and purified. The glycoprotein contained peptide, carbohydrate and lipid fragments and phosphorus. The peptide fragment was represented by 10 amino acids. The carbohydrate fragment was represented by 7 monosaccharides. The lipid part was mainly represented by stearic acid. The glycoprotein showed immunostimulating properties. It had a comitogenic effect on murine spleen cells in vitro and induced tumoricidal activity in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo.