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This study evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fatty acids from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified nine fatty acids in the two species. The major fatty acids of P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba were palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of fatty acids was moderate ranging from 25.90% to 29.97%. Fatty acids from P. capillacea (31.18%) had a moderate ferrous ions chelating activity (FIC), while in O. obtusiloba (17.17%), was weak. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of fatty acids from P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba was low. As for ß-carotene bleaching (BCB), P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba showed a good activity. This is the first report of the antioxidant activities of fatty acids from the marine red algae P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba.
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Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/química , Rodófitas/química , Análise de Variância , FMN Redutase/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , beta Caroteno/análiseRESUMO
Marine invertebrates are capable of synthesizing bioactive compounds, which may be beneficial to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, hemolytic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of crude extract (70% EtOH), and dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and aqueous (Aq) fractions of the marine zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum. The phenolic compound contents of the crude extract, DCM, EtOAc and Aq fractions were 12.33, 18.17, 10.53, and 3.18 mg GAE per gram, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed slight variation. IC50 of crude extract, DCM, EtOAc and Aq fractions were 11.13, 11.25, 11.74, and 11.28 µg mL(-1), respectively. Among the sample, ferrous ion chelating was the highest in crude extract (IC50 302.90 µg mL(-1)), followed by EtOAc, Aq, and DCM fractions with 457.77, 547.91, and 641.82 µg mL(-1), respectively. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power showed optical density at about 0.5. The samples tested exhibited low hemolytic activity under 10% up to a concentration of 50 µg mL(-1). No antimicrobial activity was observed against any of the tested bacterial strains. For the cytotoxic activity, LC50 of DCM, crude extract, EtOAc, and Aq were 52.10, 83.06, 86.34, and 117.45 µg mL(-1), showing high toxicity.
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Antozoários/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Bioensaio , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Natural antioxidants found in marine macroalgae are bioactive compounds known to play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with aging cells protecting them against the oxidative damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of two species of red seaweeds, Amansia multifida and Meristiella echinocarpa. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assay, ß-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay and total phenolic content (TPC) quantification. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the brine shrimp Artemia sp. lethality test. The TPC values observed in the present study indicated that both species A. multifida and M. echinocarpa are rich in phenolic compounds, reaching values of 45.40 and 28.46 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 of ethanolic extract, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating showed values of 60% and 17%, respectively. Both seaweed extracts inhibited ß-carotene oxidation by approximately 40%. None of the algal extracts were potentially cytotoxic. The results have showed that extracts of both species of marine red algae exhibit antioxidant potential and low toxicity. They are sources of natural antioxidant compounds.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Alga Marinha/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/toxicidade , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Bioensaio , Brasil , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
A total of 580 yeasts strains, isolated from Ceara State of Brasil, were evaluated for their ability to produce killer toxin. Of these strains, 29 tested positive for the killer phenotype and were further evaluated for their ability to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides germination in vitro. All yeast strains that expressed the killer phenotype were characterized by sequencing the D1/D2 regions of the large subunit of the rRNA gene. Five yeast strains provided a significant reduction in mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides in vitro, especially Meyerozyma guilliermondii, which was able to reduce the fungal mycelial growth on solid medium (potato dextrose agar (PDA)) by 60% and block 100% of conidia germination in liquid media (potato dextrose broth (PDB)). Filtering and autoclaving the liquid cultures had no effect on the growth of the pathogen. These results indicate the potential use of antagonist yeasts isolated from tropical fruits in the control of anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides in papaya. Further elucidation of main mechanisms involved on anthracnose control by these yeasts could be helpful for the development of biocontrol techniques related to the management of this disease in tropical fruits.
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Carica/microbiologia , Colletotrichum/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Brasil , Colletotrichum/genética , Colletotrichum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/microbiologia , Genes de RNAr , Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allows for cortical-excitability (CE) assessment and its modulation has been associated with neuroplasticity-like phenomena, thought to be impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the stability of these measures has been challenged, defying their potential as biomarkers. This study aimed to test the temporal stability of cortical-excitability modulation and study the impact of individual and methodological factors in determining within- and between-subject variability. METHODS: We recruited healthy-subjects to assess motor cortex (MC) excitability modulation, collecting motor evoked potentials (MEP) from both hemispheres, before and after left-sided intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), to obtain a measure of MEPs change (delta-MEPs). To assess stability across-time, the protocol was repeated after 6 weeks. Socio-demographic and psychological variables were collected to test association with delta-MEPs. RESULTS: We found modulatory effects on left MC and not on right hemisphere following iTBS of left MC. Left delta-MEP was stable across-time when performed immediately after iTBS (ICC = 0.69), only when obtained first in left hemisphere. We discovered similar results in a replication cohort testing only left MC (ICC = 0.68). No meaningful associations were found between demographic and psychological factors and delta-MEPs. CONCLUSIONS: Delta-MEP is stable immediately after modulation and not impacted by different individual factors, including expectation about TMS-effect. SIGNIFICANCE: Motor cortex excitability modulation immediately after iTBS should be further explored as a potential biomarker for neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Córtex Motor , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Humanos , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/métodos , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Ritmo Teta/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Recently antimicrobials of the fluoroquinolone class (pefloxacin and ofloxacin) were found far more effective against Mycobacterium leprae in studies with both mice and patients than dapsone and clofazimine. As multicentre trial participants, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy, in terms of rate of relapse, of two new multidrug regimens containing ofloxacin, comparing them to 1 year and 2 years of standard WHO-MDT regimen in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients. A total of 198MB patients were recruited to participate in a randomized, double-blind trial. Among those, 53 patients were treated with 1 year of WHO-MDT (a regimen including dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampin), 55 patients received 1 year of WHO-MDT plus an initial 1 month of daily ofloxacin, 63 patients were treated with 1 month of daily rifampin and daily ofloxacin, whereas 27 were treated with 2 years of WHO-MDT. Patients were regularly monitored for signs of relapse, in at least 7 years follow-up after being released from treatment. RESULTS: Relapse occurred in those treated with 1-month regimen alone at a significant higher rate (P < 0.001): 388%, whereas in the other three regimens that included WHO-MDT it ranged from 0 to 5%. This study found that a short-course treatment for MB patients with rifampicin-ofloxacin combination had a higher failure rate. The addition of one month of daily ofloxacin to 12 months MB WHO-MDT did not increase its efficacy.
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Hansenostáticos/uso terapêutico , Hanseníase Multibacilar/tratamento farmacológico , Mycobacterium leprae/efeitos dos fármacos , Ofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Clofazimina/farmacologia , Clofazimina/uso terapêutico , Dapsona/farmacologia , Dapsona/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hansenostáticos/efeitos adversos , Hanseníase Multibacilar/epidemiologia , Hanseníase Multibacilar/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ofloxacino/efeitos adversos , Prevalência , Rifampina/farmacologia , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Prevenção Secundária , Pele/microbiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Lesion network mapping is a neuroimaging technique that explores the network of regions functionally connected to lesions causing a common syndrome. The technique uses resting state functional connectivity from large databases of healthy individuals, i.e., connectomes, and has allowed for important insight into the potential network mechanisms underlying several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, concerns regarding reproducibility have arisen, that may be due to the use of different connectomes, with variable MRI acquisition parameters and preprocessing methods. Here, we tested the impact of using different connectomes on the results of lesion network mapping for mania. We found results were reliable and consistent independent of the connectome used.
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Conectoma , Humanos , Conectoma/métodos , Mania , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Encéfalo/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodosRESUMO
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that was cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in 2018. The approved protocol includes individualized symptom provocation before each stimulation session, to elicit a moderate level of obsessional distress. Although symptom provocation can be a delicate, demanding, and uncomfortable procedure, structured training methods for those who are going to apply it are not available. Here, we describe a model for training in symptom provocation for TMS technicians, developed at the Champalimaud Clinical Centre in Lisbon, Portugal. Our programme includes two-sessions dedicated to clinical communication and symptom provocation techniques from a theoretical and practical perspective. Additionally, supervision meetings are conducted during treatment of patients, allowing regular case discussion and redefinition of symptom provocation hierarchy, as needed. In addition to having a strong practical component, our training program is short and pragmatic, allowing for easy implementation and fluid transition to clinical practice. By sharing our experience, we hope to contribute to systematize training procedures required for symptom provocation in the context of TMS, and to qualitatively describe a methodology that can be used for implementation of TMS programmes for the treatment of OCD.
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The export of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nuts generates millions of dollars for the Brazilian economy annually. However, production may be limited by the occurrence of diseases that affect cashew trees, such as Xanthomonas spot and angular leaf spot, which are caused by pigmented strains of Xanthomonas and Xanthomonas citri pv. anacardii, respectively. Thirty-one pigmented strains of Xanthomonas were characterized for phenotypic, pathogenic, and molecular attributes. These strains were similar to X. citri pv. anacardii in phenotypical characteristics, sensitivity to antibiotics and copper compounds used in agriculture, epidemiology, and repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) profiles. When inoculated into Brazilian pepper, cashew, mango, and hog plum seedlings, the pigmented strains of Xanthomonas and X. citri pv. anacardii produced similar symptoms. However, the pigmented strains of Xanthomonas were more aggressive toward cashew plants than toward the other hosts tested, which confirms their specificity. We conclude that pigmented strains of Xanthomonas are very aggressive on cashew trees and should not be considered casual pathogens of these hosts. Moreover, based on our results from rep-PCR and IS1595-PCR amplification, we suggest that these strains constitute a variant of X. citri pv. anacardii.
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BACKGROUND: When repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used to treat medication refractory depression, the treatment pulse intensity is individualized according to motor threshold (MT). This measure is often acquired only on the first day of treatment, as per the protocol currently approved by Food and Drug Administration. OBJECTIVE: Here, we aimed to assess daily MT variability across an rTMS treatment course and simulate the effects of different schedules of MT assessment on treatment intensity. METHODS: We conducted a naturalistic retrospective study with 374 patients from a therapeutic rTMS program for depression that measures MT daily. RESULTS: For each patient, in almost half the TMS sessions, MT varied on average more than 5% as compared to the baseline MT acquired in the first treatment day. Such variability was only minimally impacted by having different TMS technicians acquiring MT in different days. In a smaller cohort of healthy individuals, we confirmed that the motor hotspot localization method, a critical step for accurate MT assessment, was stable in different days, arguing that daily MT variability reflects physiological variability, rather than an artifact of measurement error. Finally, in simulations of the effect of one-time MT measurement, we found that half of sessions would have been 5% or more above or below target intensity, with almost 5% of sessions 25% above target intensity. The simulated effects of weekly MT measurements were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, MT varies significantly across days, not fully dependent on methods of MT acquisition. This finding may have important implications for therapeutic rTMS practice regarding safety and suggests that regular MT assessments, daily or at least weekly, would ameliorate the effect.
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Depressão , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Depressão/terapia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
From the roots of Cordia leucocephala (Boraginaceae), two new meroterpenoid naphthoquinones, 6-[10-(12,12-dimethyl-13alpha-hydroxy-16-methenyl-cyclohexyl)ethyl]-1,4-naphthalenedione (cordiaquinone L) and 5-methyl-6-[10-(12,12-dimethyl-13beta-hydroxy-16-methenyl-cyclohexyl)methyl-1,4-naphthalenedione (cordiaquinone M) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated after detailed 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) data analyses and comparison with literature data for analogous compounds.
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Cordia/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Naftoquinonas/química , Isótopos de Carbono , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
Croton regelianus Muell. Arg., popularly known as 'velame-de-cheiro', is a native plant from the Northeast of Brazil used in folk medicine to treat diseases of different kinds, including malignant tumors. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the essential oil from the leaves of C. regelianus and ascaridole, one of the main constituents, were investigated. In vitro, the essential oil and ascaridole displayed cytotoxicity, showing IC(50) values in the range of 22.2 to 48.0 microg/ml in HL-60 and SF-295 cell lines for the essential oil, and 6.3 to 18.4 microg/ml in HL-60 and HCT-8 cells lines for ascaridole, respectively. The in vivo study, using sarcoma 180 as a tumor model, demonstrated inhibition rates of 28.1 and 31.8% for essential oil, at the 50 and 100 mg/kg, while ascaridole inhibition rates were 33.9% at 10 mg/kg and 33.3% at 20-mg/kg doses. Histopathological examination showed that the organs were only weakly affected by the treatment. In conclusion, ascaridole has an interesting antitumor activity in sarcoma 180 murine model, probably related to the described cytotoxic activity, and, moreover, its presence in the essential oil from the leaves of C. regelianus could explain, at least in part, the ethnopharmacological use of this plant in the treatment of cancer.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Peróxidos/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Croton/química , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Camundongos , Folhas de Planta/química , Sarcoma 180RESUMO
Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is used for in vivo assessment of human motor cortical excitability, with application of TMS pulses over the motor cortex resulting in muscle responses that can be recorded with electromyography (EMG) as Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs). These have been widely explored as potential biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders but methodological heterogeneity in acquisition, and inherent high variability, have led to constraints in reproducibility. Normalization, consisting in scaling the signal of interest to a known and repeatable measurement, reduces variability and is standard practice for between-subject comparisons of EMG. The effect of normalization on variability of MEP amplitude has not yet been explored and was assessed here using several methods. Methods: Three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) and 40 MEPs were collected from the right hand in healthy volunteers, with a retest session conducted 4 to 8 weeks later. MEP amplitude was normalized using either external references (MVICs) or internal references (extreme MEPs). Iterative re-sampling of 30 normalized MEPs per subject was repeated 5,000 times to define, for each normalization method, distributions for between-subject coefficients of variation (CV) of the mean MEP amplitude. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the impact of normalization on testretest stability of MEP amplitude measurements. Results: In the absence of normalization, MEPs collected from the right hand of 47 healthy volunteers were within reported values regarding between-subject variability (95% confidence intervals for the CV: [1.0567,1.0577]) and showed good temporal stability (ICC = 0.77). Internal reference normalization substantially reduced between-subject variability, by values of up to 64%, while external reference normalization had no impact or increased between-subject variability. Normalization with the smallest references reduced testretest stability, with use of the largest references resulting in slight reduction or improvement of ICCs. Internal reference normalization using the largest MEPs was found to be robust to several sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Internal, but not external, reference normalization reduces between-subject variability of MEP amplitude, and has a minimal impact on within-subject variability when conducted with the largest references. Additional research is necessary to further validate these normalization methods toward potential use of MEPs as biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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The chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Croton regelianus collected from wild plants growing in two different sites at Ceará State (Brazil) was analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Twenty monoterpenoids, representing more than 96% of the chemical composition of the oils, were identified and quantified. The oils showed similar chemical composition but considerable variation in the levels of each constituent. Ascaridole (33.9-17.0%), p-cymene (22.3-21.6%), and camphor (13.0-3.1%) were the predominant constituents. The monoterpene ascaridole was isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data. The essential oils and the isolated compounds were tested against Aedes aegypti and Artemia sp. larvae, and the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The bioassay results show that the essential oil of C. regelianus and ascaridole were moderately active against the M. incognita, but strongly effective against both A. aegypti and Artemia sp. larvae.
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Aedes/efeitos dos fármacos , Antinematódeos/química , Óleo de Cróton/química , Croton/química , Inseticidas/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Antinematódeos/isolamento & purificação , Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa , Óleo de Cróton/isolamento & purificação , Óleo de Cróton/farmacologia , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Inseticidas/isolamento & purificação , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxidos/química , Peróxidos/isolamento & purificação , Peróxidos/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the health conditions of families from the Landless Rural Workers' Movement and temporary rural workers. METHODS: The research involved a comparative study of three populations: a settlement and a camp linked to the Rural Workers' Movement, and the families of temporary rural workers in a city of Southeast Brazil, in 2005. Information relating to sociodemographic characteristics and families were collected by means of questionnaires that were put to 202 families. In addition, structured observation and group discussions were used. A discriminative factor analysis was carried out to confirm differences between the communities. RESULTS: The three communities scored an average of 89%, which implies that they are distinct groups and supports the hypothesis that there are real differences between them when it come to health and lifestyle conditions. There was a high rate of food insecurity (39.5%) among temporary rural workers, almost double that of families who were camping and four times greater than those living on settlements. Temporary rural workers' salaries were low and fluctuate, meaning that they were more exposed to pesticides than the families living on settlements or in camps. A striking characteristic of families living on the settlement was that they all practiced animal rearing, unlike the families of temporary rural workers, practically none of whom were able to do so in the city. The perceptions of most families who were living on settlements or in camps were that the Brazilian Health System had not been meeting their health needs, mainly due to access difficulties. For this group, their needs are met only after making complaints to and putting pressure on governors. CONCLUSIONS: The view held by families from the Landless Rural Workers' Movement was that the fact that they belonged to the Movement and were better organized meant their health was better than that of temporary rural workers. The conservative modernization of rural Brazil has led to worse conditions for temporary rural workers, while Agrarian Reform has allowed for a better quality of life and improved health conditions among families, when compared in the areas under study.
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Agricultura , Saúde da Família , Sindicatos , Saúde Ocupacional , População Rural , Brasil , Planejamento em Saúde Comunitária , Atenção à Saúde , Emprego , Feminino , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Nível de Saúde , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Condições Sociais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate factors associated with safe sex among sexually active public school students in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study focused on correlations between the variables gender, age, schooling, current grade, ethnicity, religion, importance attributed to religion, mothers' education, prior exposure to any sex education, promotion of juvenile protagonism, and participation by health professionals in school activities and consistent condom use with casual or stable partners and with use of other modern contraceptive methods. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Male gender and participation by health professionals in school activities were positively associated with all indicators of safe sex, and maternal schooling of more than eight years was positively associated with consistent condom use with casual and stable partners. Secondary (versus elementary) schooling and age (older) were inversely associated with consistent condom use with casual and stable partners, respectively. Ascribing greater importance to religion and Evangelical religion were negatively associated with use of modern contraceptives in the last sexual intercourse.
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Comportamento do Adolescente , Sexo Seguro/psicologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Coito/psicologia , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Assunção de Riscos , População Rural , Sexo Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and bacterial cell agglutination activities of the hexane (Hex) and 70% ethanol (70% EtOH) extracts of two species of red seaweeds Pterocladiella capillacea (P. capillacea) and Osmundaria obtusiloba. METHODS: In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, ferrous ion chelating assay, ß-carotene bleaching assay and total phenolic content quantification. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the method of disc diffusion on Mueller-Hinton medium. The ability of algal extracts to agglutinate bacterial cells was also tested. RESULTS: The 70% EtOH extract of the two algae showed the highest values of total phenolic content compared to the Hex extract. The results of DPPH for both extracts (Hex, 70% EtOH) of Osmundaria obtusiloba (43.46% and 99.47%) were higher than those of P. capillacea (33.04% and 40.81%) at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. As for the ferrous ion chelating, there was an opposite behavior, extracts of P. capillacea had a higher activity. The extracts showed a low ferric-reducing antioxidant power, with optical density ranging from 0.054 to 0.180. Antioxidant activities of all extracts evaluated for ß-carotene bleaching were above 40%. There was no antibacterial activity against bacterial strains tested. However, the extracts of both species were able to agglutinate bacterial Gram positive cells of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative cells of Escherichia coli, multidrug-resistant Salmonella and Vibrio harveyi. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the interaction between these algal extracts, rich in natural compounds with antioxidant potential, and Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cells.
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Objetivo: Analisar a Capacidade para o Trabalho (CT) de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) de um Distrito Sanitário em João Pessoa-PB. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em João Pessoa-PB, nas 40 Unidades de Saúde da Família pertencentes ao Distrito Sanitário II, com uma amostra de 163 ACS selecionados por conveniência. Os participantes responderam a um questionário semiestruturado, contemplando informações sociodemográficas e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT), instrumento utilizado para avaliar a CT por meio de sete dimensões. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do programa estatístico SPSS 22.0. As variáveis categóricas foram analisadas por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas, utilizando-se o teste do qui-quadrado para estabelecer as relações. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: a população do estudo foi predominantemente do sexo feminino (76,7%), com idade entre 42 e 62 anos (38,7%), casada ou com companheiro (a) (58,3%), cor da pele parda (57,1%), ensino médio completo (72,4%), renda familiar de até 2 salários mínimos (51,0%), com capacidade boa (38,7%) e moderada (37,4%) para o trabalho. A CT apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com cada uma das sete dimensões do ICT (p<0,05). As doenças mais frequentemente informadas foram: lesões musculoesqueléticas (55,2%), doenças musculoesqueléticas (44,8%), obesidade (34,4%), hipertensão arterial (27,0%) e distúrbio emocional leve (26,4%). Conclusão: os ACS desse estudo apresentaram boa capacidade de trabalho de acordo com o ICT. (AU)
Objective: analyze the Work Ability (CT) of Community Health Workers (ACS) of a Sanitary District in João Pessoa-PB. Methodology: Descriptive and transversal study of quantitative approach, conducted in João Pessoa-PB, in the 40 Family Health Units belonging to the Sanitary District II, with a sample of 163 ACS selected by convenience. Participants answered a semi-structured questionnaire, including socio-demographic information and the Work Ability Index (ICT), instrument used to evaluate CT through seven dimensions. Data analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS Statistics, version 22.0. The categorical variables were analyzed through absolute and relative frequencies, using the chi-square test to establish relations. The significance level was 5%. Results: the study population was predominantly female (76,7%), aged 42-62 years (38,7%), married or with partner (58,3%), brown skin color (57,1%), complete high school (72,4%), family income of up to 2 minimum wages (51,0%), with good capacity (38,7%) and moderate capacity (37,4%) for work. The CT showed a statistically significant association with each of the seven dimensions of the ICT (p <0,05). The most frequently reported diseases were: musculoskeletal disorders (55,2%), musculoskeletal diseases (44,8%), obesity (34,4%), hypertension (27,0%) and mild emotional disturbance (26,4%). Conclusion: the ACS of this study had good working capacity according to the ICT. (AU)