Sexual Dysfunction: A Neglected and Overlooked Issue in Adult GH Deficiency: The Management of AGHD Study.

CONTEXT: Although sexuality influences well-being and quality of life (QoL), studies on sexual dysfunction (SD) in adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) patients are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of SD in AGHD patients grouped according to recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) therapy. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-over, 24 months, monocentric study. SETTING: Real-life clinical setting in a tertiary, endocrinological center. PATIENTS: 83 AGHD patients (31 women, 52 men, mean age 56.3 ± 14.7 years) were enrolled according to stringent criteria. INTERVENTIONS: Patients already on long-term r-hGH therapy (Group 1, n = 32) vs untreated (Group 2, n = 51). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum hormones, QoL Satisfaction in Hypopituitarism (QLS-H) and QoL Assessment of GHD in Adults (QoL-AGHDA) questionnaires for QoL, Index for Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) in men, and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in women for SD. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of SD was 71.2% (60% men, 89% women). All IIEF-15 scores were lower (P = 0.001) and erectile dysfunction was more prevalent in Group 2 (75%) than Group 1 (35%). IGF-1 was correlated to scores of all IIEF-15 domains, particularly with that of erectile function (EF) (R2=0.123, P = 0.019). EF domain score correlated with QLS-H (P < 0.005) and QoL-AGHDA (P = 0.001). Despite the high prevalence of female SD also in untreated AGHD women, FSFI scores did not correlate with IGF-1 levels and QoL scores. CONCLUSIONS: SD is highly prevalent in AGHD patients, especially in those untreated. SD represents an overlooked and neglected issue in AGHD, regardless the contribution of sexual life on QoL. The evaluation of sexual function should be integrated in the global assessment of AGHD patients.

The ethics of investigating cultural and genetic diversity of minority groups.

The use of genetic information for anthropological purposes requires an effort by the researcher to deal with the ethical issues that may arise. In some cases, these can lead to rather complex relationships between anthropologists and communities. The transparency of the research protocol is a fundamental requirement in order to establish a relationship based on trust and to conduct investigations in the most ethically sustainable way. In addition, researchers must take into consideration further aspects regarding the indigenous conceptions of corporeity, memory and history. Knowledge of these characteristics can help in the interpretation of results produced by the geneticists, and constitute a series of social, political and cultural responses. By involving the communities being investigated and engaging in a frequent and fruitful dialogue with their members will make it possible for anthropologists to learn more and also provide useful answers for the populations themselves.