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1.
Plant J ; 119(1): 364-382, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38652034

RESUMO

Barley produces several specialized metabolites, including five α-, ß-, and γ-hydroxynitrile glucosides (HNGs). In malting barley, presence of the α-HNG epiheterodendrin gives rise to undesired formation of ethyl carbamate in the beverage production, especially after distilling. Metabolite-GWAS identified QTLs and underlying gene candidates possibly involved in the control of the relative and absolute content of HNGs, including an undescribed MATE transporter. By screening 325 genetically diverse barley accessions, we discovered three H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (wild barley) lines with drastic changes in the relative ratios of the five HNGs. Knock-out (KO)-lines, isolated from the barley FIND-IT resource and each lacking one of the functional HNG biosynthetic genes (CYP79A12, CYP71C103, CYP71C113, CYP71U5, UGT85F22 and UGT85F23) showed unprecedented changes in HNG ratios enabling assignment of specific and mutually dependent catalytic functions to the biosynthetic enzymes involved. The highly similar relative ratios between the five HNGs found across wild and domesticated barley accessions indicate assembly of the HNG biosynthetic enzymes in a metabolon, the functional output of which was reconfigured in the absence of a single protein component. The absence or altered ratios of the five HNGs in the KO-lines did not change susceptibility to the fungal phytopathogen Pyrenophora teres causing net blotch. The study provides a deeper understanding of the organization of HNG biosynthesis in barley and identifies a novel, single gene HNG-0 line in an elite spring barley background for direct use in breeding of malting barley, eliminating HNGs as a source of ethyl carbamate formation in whisky production.


Assuntos
Glucosídeos , Hordeum , Hordeum/genética , Hordeum/metabolismo , Hordeum/microbiologia , Glucosídeos/metabolismo , Nitrilas/metabolismo , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Uretana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla
2.
PLoS Biol ; 15(6): e2000784, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28570591

RESUMO

MACC1 (Metastasis Associated in Colon Cancer 1) is a key driver and prognostic biomarker for cancer progression and metastasis in a large variety of solid tumor types, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no MACC1 inhibitors have been identified yet. Therefore, we aimed to target MACC1 expression using a luciferase reporter-based high-throughput screening with the ChemBioNet library of more than 30,000 compounds. The small molecules lovastatin and rottlerin emerged as the most potent MACC1 transcriptional inhibitors. They remarkably inhibited MACC1 promoter activity and expression, resulting in reduced cell motility. Lovastatin impaired the binding of the transcription factors c-Jun and Sp1 to the MACC1 promoter, thereby inhibiting MACC1 transcription. Most importantly, in CRC-xenografted mice, lovastatin and rottlerin restricted MACC1 expression and liver metastasis. This is-to the best of our knowledge-the first identification of inhibitors restricting cancer progression and metastasis via the novel target MACC1. This drug repositioning might be of therapeutic value for CRC patients.


Assuntos
Acetofenonas/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Benzopiranos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Transcrição/antagonistas & inibidores , Desacopladores/uso terapêutico , Acetofenonas/efeitos adversos , Acetofenonas/química , Acetofenonas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzopiranos/efeitos adversos , Benzopiranos/química , Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Feminino , Genes Reporter/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/química , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/secundário , Camundongos SCID , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Neoplasias/química , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas , Transativadores , Fatores de Transcrição/química , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Desacopladores/efeitos adversos , Desacopladores/química , Desacopladores/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
3.
Plant Cell Physiol ; 60(12): 2692-2706, 2019 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31397873

RESUMO

Abiotic environmental stresses have a negative impact on the yield and quality of crops. Understanding these stresses is an essential enabler for mitigating breeding strategies and it becomes more important as the frequency of extreme weather conditions increases due to climate change. This study analyses the response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to a heat wave during grain filling in three distinct stages: the heat wave itself, the return to a normal temperature regime, and the process of maturation and desiccation. The properties and structure of the starch produced were followed throughout the maturational stages. Furthermore, the key enzymes involved in the carbohydrate supply to the grain were monitored. We observed differences in starch structure with well-separated effects because of heat stress and during senescence. Heat stress produced marked effects on sucrolytic enzymes in source and sink tissues. Early cessation of plant development as an indirect consequence of the heat wave was identified as the major contributor to final yield loss from the stress, highlighting the importance for functional stay-green traits for the development of heat-resistant cereals.


Assuntos
Amilopectina/metabolismo , Parede Celular/enzimologia , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Hordeum/enzimologia , Hordeum/metabolismo , beta-Frutofuranosidase/metabolismo , Amilopectina/genética , Parede Celular/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/fisiologia , Hordeum/fisiologia , beta-Frutofuranosidase/genética
4.
Sci Adv ; 8(34): eabq2266, 2022 Aug 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36001660

RESUMO

Improved agricultural and industrial production organisms are required to meet the future global food demands and minimize the effects of climate change. A new resource for crop and microbe improvement, designated FIND-IT (Fast Identification of Nucleotide variants by droplet DigITal PCR), provides ultrafast identification and isolation of predetermined, targeted genetic variants in a screening cycle of less than 10 days. Using large-scale sample pooling in combination with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) greatly increases the size of low-mutation density and screenable variant libraries and the probability of identifying the variant of interest. The method is validated by screening variant libraries totaling 500,000 barley (Hordeum vulgare) individuals and isolating more than 125 targeted barley gene knockout lines and miRNA or promoter variants enabling functional gene analysis. FIND-IT variants are directly applicable to elite breeding pipelines and minimize time-consuming technical steps to accelerate the evolution of germplasm.

5.
Front Immunol ; 11: 980, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32670264

RESUMO

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Early stage CRC patients have a good prognosis. If distant metastasis occurs, the 5-year survival drops below 10%. Despite treatment success over the last decades, treatment options for metastatic disease are still limited. Therefore, novel targets are needed to foster therapy of advanced stage CRC patients and hinder progression of early stage patients into metastasis. A novel target is the crucial oncogene Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1) involved in molecular pathogenesis of CRC metastasis. MACC1 induces cell proliferation and motility, supports cellular survival and rewires metabolism resulting in increased metastasis in vivo. MACC1 is a prognostic biomarker not only for CRC but for more than 20 solid cancer entities. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. For CRC, inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis are important inflammation associated risk factors. Certain cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, are key factors in determining the contribution of the inflammatory process to CRC. Knowledge of the connection between inflammation and MACC1 driven tumors remains unclear. Gene expression analysis of CRC cells after cytokine stimulation was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cellular motility was assessed by Boyden chamber assays. MACC1 promoter activity after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured using promoter-luciferase constructs. To investigate signal transduction from receptor to effector molecules, blocking experiments using neutralizing antibodies and knockdown experiments were performed. Following TNF-α stimulation, MACC1 and c-Jun expression were significantly increased at the mRNA and protein level. Knockdown of c-Jun reduced MACC1 inducibility following TNF-α stimulation. TNF-α promoted MACC1-induced cell migration that was reverted following MACC1 knockdown. Moreover, MACC1 and c-Jun expression were downregulated by blocking TNFR1, but not TNFR2. Knock down of the NF-κB subunit, p65, reduced basal MACC1 and c-Jun mRNA expression levels. Adalimumab, a clinically approved monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody, hindered MACC1 induction. The present study highlights that TNF-α regulates the induction of MACC1 via the NF-κB subunit p65 and the transcription factor c-Jun in CRC cells. This finding unravels a novel signaling pathway upstream of MACC1 and provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC patients with an associated inflammation.


Assuntos
Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Transativadores/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Doença de Crohn/imunologia , Doença de Crohn/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Transativadores/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Regulação para Cima
6.
Clin Cancer Res ; 22(11): 2812-24, 2016 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26758557

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We have previously identified the gene MACC1 as a strong prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer metastasis and patient survival. Here, we report for the first time the generation of transgenic mouse models for MACC1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We generated mice with transgenic overexpression of MACC1 in the intestine driven by the villin promoter (vil-MACC1) and crossed them with Apc(Min) mice (vil-MACC1/Apc(Min)). RESULTS: vil-MACC1/Apc(Min) mice significantly increased the total number of tumors (P = 0.0056). This was particularly apparent in large tumors (≥3-mm diameter; P = 0.0024). A detailed histopathologic analysis of these lesions demonstrated that the tumors from the vil-MACC1/Apc(Min) mice had a more invasive phenotype and, consequently, showed a significantly reduced survival time than Apc(Min) mice (P = 0.03). Molecular analysis revealed an increased Wnt and pluripotency signaling in the tumors of vil-MACC1/Apc(Min) mice. Specifically, we observed a prominent upregulation of the pluripotency markers Oct4 and Nanog in these tumors compared with Apc(Min) controls. Finally, we could also validate that Oct4 and Nanog are regulated by MACC1 in vitro and strongly correlate with MACC1 levels in a cohort of 60 tumors of colorectal cancer patients (r = 0.7005 and r = 0.6808, respectively; P > 0.0001 and P > 0.0002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We provide proof of principle that MACC1-induced tumor progression in colorectal cancer acts, at least in part, via the newly discovered MACC1/Nanog/Oct4 axis. These findings might have important implications for the design of novel therapeutic intervention strategies to restrict tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2812-24. ©2016 AACR.


Assuntos
Adenoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Proteína Homeobox Nanog/metabolismo , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/fisiologia , Adenoma/patologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteína Homeobox Nanog/genética , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/genética , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/metabolismo , Transativadores , Via de Sinalização Wnt
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