Electrochemically Enabled Sulfoximido-Oxygenation of Alkenes with NH-Sulfoximines and Alcohols.

An electrochemical oxidative sulfoximido-oxygenation of alkenes has been developed by using NH-sulfoximines and alcohols directly. This method proceeds regioselectively without metal catalysts and external chemical oxidants and shows broad substrate scope and diverse functional group compatibility. Based upon the preliminary mechanism studies, N-centered sulfoximidoyl radicals were involved in this electrochemical process.

Plasma-Activated Acidic Electrolyzed Water: A New Food Disinfectant for Bacterial Suspension and Biofilm.

Food-borne diseases are widespread all over the world, and food safety has attracted much attention. This study is the first to use plasma to activate acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) to obtain a new disinfectant for food processing. The germicidal efficacy of plasma-activated acidic electrolyzed water (PA-AEW) on B. subtilis suspension and biofilm was investigated. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of different bactericidal factors was inferred by investigating the physicochemical parameters of PA-AEW and the influencing factors of bactericidal effect. The results demonstrate that PA-AEW is a highly effective and rapid disinfectant. The killing logarithm (KL) value of PA-AEW on B. subtilis suspension could reach 2.33 log10CFU/mL with a sterilization time of 10 s, which is significantly higher than that of AEW (KL = 0.58 log10CFU/mL) and plasma-activated water (PAW) (KL = 0.98 log10CFU/mL) (significant difference, p < 0.01). Moreover, the KL value of the B. subtilis biofilm of PA-AEW was 2.41 log10CFU/mL, better than that of PAW and AEW (significant difference, p < 0.01), indicating that PA-AEW has important application prospects in food processing. The synergistic effect should come from the interaction between reactive chlorine species (RCS) and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in PA-AEW.

Iminyl-radicals by electrochemical decarboxylation of α-imino-oxy acids: construction of indole-fused polycyclics.

Iminyl radicals are reactive intermediates that can be used for the construction of various valuable heterocycles. Herein, the electrochemical decarboxylation of α-imino-oxy acids for the generation of iminyl radicals has been accomplished under exogenous-oxidant- and metal-free conditions through the use of nBu4NBr as a mediator. The resulting iminyl radicals undergo intramolecular cyclization smoothly with the adjacent (hetero)arenes to afford a series of indole-fused polycyclic compounds.

Transferring the exudate in the tissue engineering chamber as a trigger to incubate large amount adipose tissue in remote area.

Tissue engineering chamber (TEC) is a technique that could incubate up to 16 folds volume increase of a fat flap. But the mechanism in the silicone chamber was still unknown. The function of exudate in the chamber was noticed recently. We developed a special model called fluid drainage model (FDM) that consisted of a traditional TEC on the back and paired fat flaps without a chamber in the groins. Then we used a silicon tube to dynamically transfer the exudate from dorsal TEC to one of the paired inguinal fat flap and the other inguinal fat flap with a sham tube was set as control. At Week 4, the volume of drainage group reached 8.7 ± 2.3 ml, 576 ± 152% to its original volume whereas the growth ratio of control group was only 130 ± 39%. Similar volume change and histological change were observed within fat flap from TEC model and drainage group. The exudate in the TEC is a heterogeneous cocktail contains cytokines as well as cells. Intriguingly, transferred exudate in the TEC model sustain the ability to incubate large amount of adipose tissue remotely.

Generating an Engineered Adipose Tissue Flap Using an External Suspension Device.

BACKGROUND: The tissue-engineering chamber technique can generate large volumes of adipose tissue, which provides a potential solution for the complex reconstruction of large soft-tissue defects. However, major drawbacks of this technique are the foreign-body reaction and the volume limitation imposed by the chamber. METHODS: In this study, the authors developed a novel tissue-engineering method using a specially designed external suspension device that generates an optimized volume of adipose flap and avoids the implantation of foreign material. The rabbits were processed using two different tissue-engineering methods, the external suspension device technique and the traditional tissue-engineering chamber technique. RESULTS: The adipose flaps generated by the external suspension device had a normal adipose tissue structure that was as good as that generated by the traditional tissue-engineering chamber, but the flap volume was much larger. The final volume of the engineered adipose flap grew between weeks 0 and 36 from 5.1 ml to 30.7 ml in the traditional tissue-engineering chamber group and to 80.5 ml in the external suspension device group. During the generation process, there were no marked differences between the two methods in terms of structural and cellular changes of the flap, except that the flaps in the traditional tissue-engineering chamber group had a thicker capsule at the early stage. In addition, the enlarged flaps generated by the external suspension device could be reshaped into specific shapes by the implant chamber. CONCLUSIONS: This minimally invasive external suspension device technique can generate large-volume adipose flaps. Combined with a reshaping method, this technique should facilitate clinical application of adipose tissue engineering.