Intrarenal pressure study using 7.5 French flexible ureteroscope with or without ureteral access sheath in an ex-vivo porcine kidney model.

INTRODUCTION: 7.5F digital fURS and 9.5/11.5F ureteral access sheaths (UAS), both conventional (cUAS) and vacuum-assisted (vaUAS), are commercially available. Irrigation increases intrarenal pressure (IRP). This study analyzes the IRP with various irrigation rates using 7.5F fURS without UAS or with either cUAS or vaUAS in an ex-vivo porcine model. Pyelo-tubular backflow was also studied during these experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 11 porcine kidneys were used. 7.5F digital fURS was tested without UAS and with 9.5/11.5F cUAS and vaUAS. 6F pressure monitor catheters were placed into the upper and lower calyces. IRPs were recorded under different irrigation rates. When vaUAS was used, the air vent was either open or closed. 300 mmHg aspiration pressure was chosen. Lastly, contrasted irrigation fluid was delivered until IRP reached above 30 mmHg. Fluoroscopy images were obtained at 5 mmHg intervals over this threshold to study the pyelo-tubular backflow. RESULTS: Using cUAS, IRP reached 30 mmHg with irrigation rates between 60 and 70 cc/min. Using vaUAS with vent closed, IRP never exceeded 10 mmHg with irrigation up to 120 cc/min. vaUAS with vent open performed marginally better than cUAS. fURS without UAS performed better than cUAS. Pyelo-tubular backflow became prominent at 40 mmHg. CONCLUSION: In an ex-vivo porcine model, 7.5F fURS could be used safely without UAS with irrigation rates up to 120 cc/min. The safety margin dropped to 60-70 cc/min with cUAS. vaUAS with vent closed maintained IRP < 10 mmHg with irrigation rates up to 120 cc/min. Pyelo-tubular backflow was observed with IRP > 35 mmHg.

Inhomogeneous Strain Behaviors of the High Strength Pipeline Girth Weld under Longitudinal Loading.

Unforeseen failures in girth welds present a significant challenge for the pipeline industry. This study utilizes 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) assisted cross-weld tensile testing to analyze the strain response of high-strength thick-walled pipelines, providing essential insights into the strain migration and fracture mechanisms specific to girth welds. The results reveal that the welding process significantly affects the mechanical distribution within the girth weld. The tested Shielded Metal Arc Welded (SMAW-ed) pipe exhibited undermatched girth welds due to high heat input, while Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) introduced a narrower weld and Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) with higher hardness than the base metal, indicative of overmatched girth welds. Strain migration, resulting from a combination of metallurgical heterogeneous materials and geometrical reinforcement strengthening, progressed from the softer HAZ to the base metal in the SMAW-ed sample with reinforcement, ultimately leading to fracture in the base metal. In contrast, the GMAW-ed sample shows no strain migration. Reinforcement significantly improves the tensile strength of girth welds and effectively prevents failure in the weld region. Sufficient reinforcement is crucial for minimizing the risk of failure in critical areas such as the weld metal and HAZ, particularly in SMAW-ed pipes.

[Determination of seven metal elements in Yunnan wild Schizophyllum commune Fr by atomic absorption spectrometry].

The seven metal elements in Yunnan wild schizophyllum commune Fr, including Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr and Mg, were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry for providing a scientific basis of the development. The results show that Zn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr and Mg are relatively rich in schizophyllum commune Fr and the content of Cu is lower. The ratio of the content of Zn to that of Cu is 7.4, which is consistent with the relative content level of Zn and Cu contained in many anticancer Chinese traditional plants, implying that the nutritive value of Yunnan wild schizophyllum commune Fr is high.

Musculoskeletal training and mechanical characteristics of athletes / Treino musculoesquelético e características mecânicas de atletas / Entrenamiento musculoesquelético y características mecánicas de atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studying the biomechanical characteristics of lower limb muscles during depth jumps is of great significance, but it is also important in meeting the practical needs of strength training. Objective: To explore the musculoskeletal exercise training and mechanical characteristics of athletes' lower limbs. Methods: Analysis and discussion of the test results of kinematics, dynamics and the EMG of 8 muscles of the lower extremity when athletes jump at different falling heights and different motion states. Results: only by using different falling heights in a certain proportion can training efficiency be improved and the training effect of depth jumps reach the practical purpose of sports training. Conclusions: from the point of view of exercise physiology, the generation, storage and reuse of muscle elastic deformation energy and the reflex regulation of the central nervous system are the main reasons for the economic and efficient contractive ability of the extensor muscle group of lower limbs during depth jumps. From the point of view of muscle mechanical properties, the centrifugal contractility of lower limb muscles is the primary factor that determines the athletes' lower limb muscle explosive push ability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: O estudo das características dos músculos dos membros inferiores durante o salto de profundidade é de extrema importância, mas é também importante para se conhecer as necessidades práticas do treino de força. Objetivo: Explorar o treino de exercícios musculoesqueléticos e as características dos membros inferiores de atletas. Métodos: Análise e discussão dos resultados de testes cinemáticos e dinâmicos, além do EMG de 8 músculos de membros inferiores quando atletas saltam de diferentes alturas de queda e em diferentes estados de movimento. Resultados: É apenas quando se usam diferentes alturas de queda em certa proporção que a eficiência do treino pode ser melhorada e o efeito do treino de saltos de profundidade pode alcançar o objetivo prático do treinamento esportivo. Conclusões: do ponto de vista da fisiologia do exercício, a geração, o armazenamento e a reutilização da energia da fadiga elástica do musculo e a regulação reflexa do sistema nervoso central são os motivos principais para a habilidade contrativa econômica e eficiente do grupo de músculos extensores dos membros inferiores durante saltos de profundidade. Do ponto de vista das propriedades mecânicas, a contratilidade centrifuga dos músculos dos membros inferiores é o fator principal determinando a habilidade do impulso explosivo dos músculos de membros inferiores de um atleta. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estudio de las características de los músculos de los miembros inferiores durante el salto en profundidad es de extrema importancia, pero es también importante para conocerse las necesidades prácticas del entrenamiento de fuerza. Objetivo: Explorar el entrenamiento de ejercicios musculoesqueléticos y las características de los miembros inferiores de atletas. Métodos: Análisis y discusión de los resultados de testes de cinemática, dinámica y EMG de 8 músculos de miembros inferiores cuando los atletas saltan de diferentes alturas en caída y en diferentes estados de movimiento. Resultados: Es solo cuando se usan diferentes alturas de caída en cierta proporción que la eficiencia del entrenamiento puede mejorarse y el efecto del entrenamiento de saltos en profundidad puede alcanzar el objetivo práctico del entrenamiento deportivo. Conclusiones: Del punto de vista de la fisiología del ejercicio, la generación, el almacenamiento y la reutilización de la energía de deformación elástica del músculo y la regulación refleja del sistema nervioso central son los motivos principales para la habilidad contractiva económica y eficiente del grupo de músculos extensores de los miembros inferiores durante saltos en profundidad. Del punto de vista de las propiedades mecánicas, la contractilidad centrífuga de los músculos de los miembros inferiores es el factor principal a determinar la habilidad del impulso explosivo de los músculos de miembros inferiores de un atleta. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Phylogeny and Evolution of Multiple Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Populations Clarified by Phylogenetic Analysis Based on Complete Mitochondrial Genomes.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the oldest, most widely farmed commercially important freshwater fish in the world. However, many undetermined phylogenetic relationships and origins of common carp lineages remain, which are obstacles to conservation and genetic breeding of this species. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular tools are helpful to distinguish the origin of species, understand and clarify their evolutionary history, and provide a genetic basis for selective breeding. In this study, we demonstrated a method to extract complete mitochondrial genome sequences from whole-genome resequencing data using the Illumina platform. The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of 26 individuals representing nine strains were obtained and subjected to a phylogenetic analysis. We reconstructed the phylogenetic topologies of the nine strains and analyzed the haplotypes. Results from both analyses suggested that the genome sequences belonged to two distinct subspecies from Europe and East Asia. We also estimated the time of divergence of the nine strains, which was up to 100 KYA. The phylogenetic results clarified the breeding history of Songpu mirror carp and suggest that this species may be hybrid of paternal European mirror carp and maternal Xingguo red carp. The results also support a previous hypothesis that koi may have originated from or have close ancestry with Oujiang color carp in China.

Genome sequence and genetic diversity of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

The common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is one of the most important cyprinid species and globally accounts for 10% of freshwater aquaculture production. Here we present a draft genome of domesticated C. carpio (strain Songpu), whose current assembly contains 52,610 protein-coding genes and approximately 92.3% coverage of its paleotetraploidized genome (2n = 100). The latest round of whole-genome duplication has been estimated to have occurred approximately 8.2 million years ago. Genome resequencing of 33 representative individuals from worldwide populations demonstrates a single origin for C. carpio in 2 subspecies (C. carpio Haematopterus and C. carpio carpio). Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses were used to identify loci potentially associated with traits including scaling patterns and skin color. In combination with the high-resolution genetic map, the draft genome paves the way for better molecular studies and improved genome-assisted breeding of C. carpio and other closely related species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Channa maculata (Perciformes: Channidae).

This paper reports the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Channa maculate (Taiwan snakehead). The mitogenome of Taiwan snakehead was determined to be 16,558 bp in length. It contains 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 1 OL (putative light-strand origin of replication), and 1 putative control region (D-loop). This is the first report on the complete mitogenome sequence of Channa maculata.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Oujiang color carp, Cyprinus carpio var. color (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Oujiang color carp was determined to be 16,581 bp in length accurately using the next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools. The complete mitochondrial genome of Oujiang color carp shows typical circular molecule structure of vertebrate's mitochondrial genome, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region. The whole genome base composition was estimated to be 31.89% A, 27.53% C, 15.76% G, and 24.82% T with A/T bias of 56.71%. The complete mitochondrial genome of Oujiang color carp provides the basis for genetic breeding and conservation studies.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Leuciscus waleckii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae: Leuciscus).

The next generation genome sequencing technology and traditional polymerase chain reaction method were employed to obtain the complete mitochondrial genome of Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) from Dalinor Lake in Inner Mongolia, China. The mitogenome of Amur ide was determined to be 16,605 bp in length. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. This is the first report on the complete mitogenome sequence of Amur ide (L. waleckii).

Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of wild Amur Ide (Leuciscus waleckii) inhabiting an extreme alkaline-saline lake reveals insights into stress adaptation.

BACKGROUND: Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) is an economically and ecologically important species in Northern Asia. The Dali Nor population inhabiting Dali Nor Lake, a typical saline-alkaline lake in Inner Mongolia, is well-known for its adaptation to extremely high alkalinity. Genome information is needed for conservation and aquaculture purposes, as well as to gain further understanding into the genetics of stress tolerance. The objective of the study is to sequence the transcriptome and obtain a well-assembled transcriptome of Amur ide. RESULTS: The transcriptome of Amur ide was sequenced using the Illumina platform and assembled into 53,632 cDNA contigs, with an average length of 647 bp and a N50 length of 1,094 bp. A total of 19,338 unique proteins were identified, and gene ontology and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses classified all contigs into functional categories. Open Reading Frames (ORFs) were detected from 34,888 (65.1%) of contigs with an average length of 577 bp, while 9,638 full-length cDNAs were identified. Comparative analyses revealed that 31,790 (59.3%) contigs have a significant similarity to zebrafish proteins, and 27,096 (50.5%), 27,524 (51.3%) and 27,996 (52.2%) to teraodon, medaka and three-spined stickleback proteins, respectively. A total of 10,395 microsatellites and 34,299 SNPs were identified and classified. A dN/dS analysis on unigenes was performed, which identified that 61 of the genes were under strong positive selection. Most of the genes are associated with stress adaptation and immunity, suggesting that the extreme alkaline-saline environment resulted in fast evolution of certain genes. CONCLUSIONS: The transcriptome of Amur ide had been deeply sequenced, assembled and characterized, providing a valuable resource for a better understanding of the Amur ide genome. The transcriptome data will facilitate future functional studies on the Amur ide genome, as well as provide insight into potential mechanisms for adaptation to an extreme alkaline-saline environment.