Preparation and Study on the Spectral Properties of SrBPO5∶Dy3+ Phosphor.

A series of SrBPO5∶Dy3+ phosphor used for UV excited white LEDs were synthesized with high temperature solid state method. The XRD patterns and luminescent properties were investigated. The results indicated that the sample was single SrBPO5 phase. The emission spectrum included two emission peaks locating at 485 and 575 nm excited by 388 nm UV light. The influence of Dy3+ ions concentration, Mg2+ ions dosage, sintering temperature and charge compensator on the luminescent properties was studied. The emission intensity reaches the maximum when the concentration of Dy3+ ions is 4 mol%; the ratio of B/Y increases with the amount of Mg2+ ions and Na+ is the optimal charge compensation. The results showed that this phosphor has a stronger yellow peak, which can raise the yellow emission and enhance the ability of penetrating haze of UV based high transmission white LED.

Novel pyrazoline-based selective fluorescent sensor for Hg2+.

This paper presents the preparation of a pyrazoline compound and the properties of its UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission. Moreover, this compound can be used to determine Hg(2+) ion with selectivity and sensitivity in the EtOH:H2O =9:1 (v/v) solution. This sensor forms a 1:1 complex with Hg(2+) and shows a fluorescent enhancement with good tolerance of other metal ions. This sensor is very sensitive with fluorometric detection limit of 3.85 × 10(-10) M. In addition, the fluorescent probe has practical application in cells imaging.

Increased difference between slow and forced vital capacity is associated with reduced exercise tolerance in COPD patients.

BACKGROUND: A higher slow vital capacity (VC) compared with forced vital capacity (FVC) indicates small airway collapse and air trapping. We hypothesized that a larger difference between VC and FVC (VC-FVC) would predict impaired exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Pulmonary function and incremental cardiopulmonary exercise responses were assessed in 97 COPD patients. Patients were then divided into two groups: one in which VC > FVC (n = 77) and the other in which VC ≤ FVC (n = 20). RESULTS: Patients with VC > FVC had lower FEV1 and peak oxygen uptake (VO2/kg) compared with patients with VC ≤ FVC. There was a significant inverse correlation for the entire group between VC-FVC and peak VO2/kg (r = -0.404; p < 0.001). There was also a direct correlation between FEV1% pred and peak VO2/kg (r = 0.418; p < 0.001). The results of the multivariate regression analysis with peak VO2/kg as the dependent variable showed that VC-FVC, FEV1(% pred) and age were all significant independent predictors of peak VO2/kg. The model explained 35.9% of the peak VO2/kg variance. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between VC and FVC, easily measured by spirometry, can be used not only as an index of severity of airflow limitation, but also to predict exercise performance in COPD patients.

A novel pyrazoline-based selective fluorescent probe for detecting reduced glutathione and its application in living cells and serum.

A new fluorescent probe, N-(4-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (probe 3), was designed and synthesized as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for recognizing and detecting glutathione among biological thiols in aqueous media. Probe 3 is a nonfluorescent compound. On being mixed with biothiols under neutral aqueous conditions, the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfoyl moiety can be cleaved off by glutathione, and the blue emission of the pyrazoline at 464 nm is switched on, with a fluorescence enhancement of 488-fold for glutathione. Furthermore, probe 3 was highly selective for glutathione without interference from some biologically relevant analytes. The detection limit of glutathione was 4.11 × 10(-7) M. The emission of the probe is pH independent in the physiological pH range. Moreover, the probe can be used for fluorescent imaging of cellular glutathione and can be used for detecting glutathione in calf serum.

Hypoxia-induced collagen synthesis of human lung fibroblasts by activating the angiotensin system.

The exact molecular mechanism that mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis needs to be further clarified. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II) on collagen synthesis in hypoxic human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells. The HLF-1 cell line was used for in vitro studies. Angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) expression levels in human lung fibroblasts were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after hypoxic treatment. Additionally, the collagen type I (Col-I), AT1R and nuclear factor κappaB (NF-κB) protein expression levels were detected using Western blot analysis, and NF-κB nuclear translocation was measured using immunofluorescence localization analysis. Ang II levels in HLF-1 cells were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that hypoxia increased Col-I mRNA and protein expression in HLF-1 cells, and this effect could be inhibited by an AT1R or AT2R inhibitor. The levels of NF-κB, RAS components and Ang II production in HLF-1 cells were significantly increased after the hypoxia exposure. Hypoxia or Ang II increased NF-κB-p50 protein expression in HLF-1 cells, and the special effect could be inhibited by telmisartan (TST), an AT1R inhibitor, and partially inhibited by PD123319, an AT2R inhibitor. Importantly, hypoxia-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation could be nearly completely inhibited by an AT1R or AT2R inhibitor. Furthermore pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-κB blocker, abolished the expression of hypoxia-induced AT1R and Col-I in HLF-1 cells. Our results indicate that Ang II-mediated NF-κB signalling via ATR is involved in hypoxia-induced collagen synthesis in human lung fibroblasts.

Analysis of Influencing Factors for Exercise Ventilation Efficiency of COPD Patients.

Dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and abnormal air exchange are the primary causes of the exercise limitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. During exercise, COPD sufferers' lungs are dynamically hyperinflated. Increased inefficient ventilation reduces ventilation efficiency and causes a mismatch between ventilation volume and blood flow. The ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VeqCO2) is a physiological parameter that can be measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study was to perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing on people with COPD, investigate the impact of static pulmonary function on ventilation efficiency under the exercise state, and screen the predictive indicators of ventilation efficiency. Subject. The aim of this study was to look at the factors that influence the exercise ventilation efficiency of people with COPD. Method. A total of 76 people with COPD were recruited during the stable period. Age, gender, body height, body mass, and other basic information were recorded. The body mass index (BMI) was determined, and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and DLCO divided by the alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) were measured. The ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) under the rest state (EqCO2rest), anaerobic threshold (EqCO2at), and maximum exercise state (EqCO2 max) were calculated to investigate the influencing factors for ventilation efficiency of people with COPD. Results. FEV1% was negatively correlated with EqCO2rest (r = -0.277, P value <0.05); FEV1/FVC % was negatively correlated with EqCO2rest and EqCO2at (r = -0.311, -0.287, P value <0.05); DLCO% was negatively correlated with EqCO2rest, EqCO2at, and EqCO2max (r = -0.408, -0.462, and -0.285, P value <0.05); DLCO/VA% was negatively correlated with EqCO2rest, EqCO2at, and EqCO2max (r = -0.390, -0.392, and -0.245, P value <0.05); RV/TLC was positively correlated with EqCO2rest and EqCO2at (r = 0.289, 0.258, P-value <0.05). The prediction equation from the multivariable regression analysis equation was Y = 40.04-0.075X (Y = EqCO2, X = DLCO/VA%). Conclusions. As the degree of ventilatory obstruction increased, the ventilation efficiency of the stable people with COPD under the exercise state showed a progressive decrease; the ventilation efficiency of the people with COPD decreased significantly under the maximum exercise state, and the ventilation capacity and diffusion capacity were the significant factors that affected the exercise ventilation efficiency. The diffusion function may predict the maximum ventilation efficiency and enable primary hospitals without exercise test equipment in developing countries to predict and screen patients at risk for current exercise based on limited information.

Cardiac response and N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide kinetics during exercise in patients with COPD.

BACKGROUND: COPD increases the risk of cardiovascular problems. Dyspnea on exertion can be associated with COPD or heart failure or both. N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) is a marker of cardiac dysfunction, and exercise testing can identify subtle heart abnormalities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cardiac dysfunction adds to the mechanism of dyspnea caused primarily by impaired lung function in patients with mild to moderate COPD. METHODS: With 19 COPD patients and 10 healthy control subjects we measured physiologic variables and collected venous blood samples before and during incremental and constant-work-rate exercise, and measured NT-pro-BNP. RESULTS: Peak oxygen uptake and constant-work exercise time were significantly lower in the COPD group than in the control group (16 ± 4 mL/min/kg vs 19 ± 6 mL/min/kg, P = .04, and 7.8 ± 6.5 min vs 14.8 ± 7.3 min, P = .02). Between the groups there were no significant differences in anaerobic threshold, oxygen pulse (oxygen uptake divided by heart rate), or heart-rate reserve (difference between predicted and measured maximum heart rate). Both at rest and during constant-work exercise, NT-pro-BNP was not significantly higher in the COPD group than in the control group. In the COPD patients there was no significant correlation between constant-work exercise time and NT-pro-BNP at rest or during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure did not contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with mild to moderate COPD.

DDB1 binds histone reader BRWD3 to activate the transcriptional cascade in adipogenesis and promote onset of obesity.

Obesity has become a global pandemic. Identification of key factors in adipogenesis helps to tackle obesity and related metabolic diseases. Here, we show that DDB1 binds the histone reader BRWD3 to promote adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity. Although typically recognized as a component of the CUL4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, DDB1 stimulates adipogenesis independently of CUL4. A DDB1 mutant that does not bind CUL4A or CUL4B fully restores adipogenesis in DDB1-deficient cells. Ddb1+/- mice show delayed postnatal development of white adipose tissues and are protected from diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, by interacting with BRWD3, DDB1 is recruited to acetylated histones in the proximal promoters of ELK1 downstream immediate early response genes and facilitates the release of paused RNA polymerase II, thereby activating the transcriptional cascade in adipogenesis. Our findings have uncovered a CUL4-independent function of DDB1 in promoting the transcriptional cascade of adipogenesis, development of adipose tissues, and onset of obesity.

Efficacy And Safety Of Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate Metered Dose Inhaler (GFF MDI) Formulated Using Co-Suspension Delivery Technology In Chinese Patients With COPD.

Background: Glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler (GFF MDI) is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting ß2-agonist fixed-dose combination therapy delivered by MDI, formulated using innovative co-suspension delivery technology. The PINNACLE-4 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of GFF MDI in patients with moderate-to-very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from Asia, Europe, and the USA. This article presents the results from the China subpopulation of PINNACLE-4. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase III study (NCT02343458), patients received GFF MDI 18/9.6 µg, glycopyrrolate (GP) MDI 18 µg, formoterol fumarate (FF) MDI 9.6 µg, or placebo MDI (all twice daily) for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in morning pre-dose trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second at Week 24. Secondary lung function endpoints and patient-reported outcome measures were also assessed. Safety was monitored throughout the study. Results: Overall, 466 patients from China were included in the intent-to-treat population (mean age 63.6 years, 95.7% male). Treatment with GFF MDI improved the primary endpoint compared to GP MDI, FF MDI, and placebo MDI (least squares mean differences: 98, 104, and 173 mL, respectively; all P≤0.0001). GFF MDI also improved daily total symptom scores and time to first clinically important deterioration versus monocomponents and placebo MDI, and Transition Dyspnea Index focal score versus placebo MDI. Rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar across the active treatment groups and slightly higher in the placebo MDI group. Conclusion: GFF MDI improved lung function and daily symptoms versus monocomponents and placebo MDI and improved dyspnea versus placebo MDI. All treatments were well tolerated with no unexpected safety findings. Efficacy and safety results were generally consistent with the global PINNACLE-4 population, supporting the use of GFF MDI in patients with COPD from China.

Effect of pressure therapy for treatment of hypertrophic scar.

BACKGROUND: Pressure therapy (PST) has been reported for the treatment of hypertrophic scar (HS) effectively. However, no study has assessed its effect and safety systematically. Therefore, this study will investigate its effect and safety for patients with HS. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search will be performed from the electronic databases and grey literatures. The electronic databases include MEDILINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All of them will be searched from inception to the present without language restrictions. Any randomized controlled trials on assessing the effect and safety of PST on HS will be considered for inclusion. In addition, we will also search grey literature to avoid missing any potential studies. RevMan V.5.3 software will be utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS: This study will provide the most recent evidence of PST on HS by evaluating primary outcomes of scar pruritus and improvement of scar; and secondary outcomes of scar blood flow, elasticity, volume, pain and burning. In addition, we will also evaluate adverse events. CONCLUSION: This study will provide up-to-date evidence of PST in patients with HS.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019136627.

Efficacy of fasudil for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review protocol of randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of fasudil for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASH). METHODS: This study will include all of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy and safety of fasudil for the treatment of ASH. Ten electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be searched from inception to the May 1, 2019 without language restrictions. We will also search gray literatures to avoid missing any other potential studies. Two authors will independently perform study selection, data extraction and management, and methodologic quality assessment. The primary outcome is limbs function. The secondary outcomes comprise of muscle strength, muscle tone, quality of life, and adverse events. RESULTS: This study will provide a comprehensive literature search on the current evidence of fasudil for the treatment of ASH from primary and secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: The results of this study will present evidence to determine whether fasudil is an effective and safety treatment for patients with ASH. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019136215.

DHHC4 and DHHC5 Facilitate Fatty Acid Uptake by Palmitoylating and Targeting CD36 to the Plasma Membrane.

Fatty acid uptake is the first step in fatty acid utilization, but it remains unclear how the process is regulated. Protein palmitoylation is a fatty acyl modification that plays a key regulatory role in protein targeting and trafficking; however, its function in regulating fatty acid metabolism is unknown. Here, we show that two of the Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) motif-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases, DHHC4 and DHHC5, regulate fatty acid uptake. DHHC4 and DHHC5 function at different subcellular localizations to control the palmitoylation, plasma membrane localization, and fatty acid uptake activity of the scavenger receptor CD36. Depletion of either DHHC4 or DHHC5 in cells disrupts CD36-dependent fatty acid uptake. Furthermore, both Dhhc4-/- and adipose-specific Dhhc5 knockout mice show decreased fatty acid uptake activity in adipose tissues and develop severe hypothermia upon acute cold exposure. These findings demonstrate a critical role of DHHC4 and DHHC5 in regulating fatty acid uptake.

[Ventilatory response at maximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference in the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (EqCO(2)) between the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and normal adults at maximal exercise, and to identify the factors inducing the abnormal change of EqCO(2) in COPD patients. METHODS: Forty male COPD patients and fifteen normal males underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output were measured breath-by-breath. Arterial blood samples were collected at maximal exercise to undergo gas analysis so as to calculate the dead space/tidal volume ratios (V(D)/V(T)) and alveolar-arterial PO(2) difference [P((A-a))O(2)]. RESULTS: The maximal oxygen uptake, maximal carbon dioxide output, and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) of the COPD patients were (14.8 +/- 3.6) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), (19.4 +/- 5.9) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), and (87.6 +/- 13.9) mm Hg respectively, all significantly lower than those of the normal controls [(18.9 +/- 4.2) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), (25.3 +/- 7.1) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), and (113.9 +/- 13.6) mm Hg respectively, all P < 0.01]; and the EqCO(2), PaCO(2), P((A-a))O(2), and V(D)/V(T) of the COPD patients at maximal exercise were 33.0 +/- 5.1, (43.5 +/- 3.1) mm Hg, (43.5 +/- 3.1) mm Hg, 0.33 +/- 0.12 respectively, all significantly higher than those of the normal controls [28.5 +/- 2.6, (39.6 +/- 4.9) mm Hg, (12.6 +/- 6.3) mm Hg, and 0.26 +/- 0.07 respectively, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05]. Multiple regression analysis showed that EqCO(2) was significantly positively correlated with V(D)/V(T) at maximal exercise in the COPD patients (r = 0.57, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Increased V(D)/V(T) may play an important role causing increase in EqCO(2) during exercise in patients with COPD.

[Effect of gas exchange at maximal intensity on exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of gas exchange at maximal intensity on exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Forty-two male patients with COPD and 26 normal subjects performed incremental exercise test on cycle ergometer. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output were measured continuously on the breath-by-breath mode. Arterial blood samples were drawn at maximal exercise. PaO2, PaCO2, the actual dead space/tidal volume ratios (V(D)/V(T)) and the alveolar-arterial PaO2 difference [ P(A-a) O2 ] were measured and calculated. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using independent samples t test. Linear regression analyses were made between maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and blood gas variables. RESULTS: VO2max in patients with COPD [(16 +/- 4) ml kg(-1) min(-1)] was significantly lower than in normal subjects [(19 +/- 6) ml kg(-1) min(-1)]. P(A-a)O2, V(D)/V(T) and PaCO2 were greater in patients [(43 +/- 3) mm Hg, 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa, 0.35 +/- 0.11, (33 +/- 11) mm Hg] than in normal subjects at peak exercise [(40 +/- 5) mm Hg, 0.27 +/- 0.08, (15 +/- 7) mm Hg]. VO2max correlated strongly with V(D)/V(T) at peak exercise in patients (r = -0.734, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The increase in V(D)/V(T) inducing ventilatory inefficiency during exercise is one of the important causes for decreased exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

A retrospective study of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for poststroke epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the effect transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (TVNS) for poststroke epilepsy (PSE). METHODS: Fifty-two patients with PSE were included in this study. Twenty-seven patients received TVNS, 30 minutes each session, once daily, twice weekly for a total of 4 weeks; and were assigned to the treatment group. Twenty-five patients were at waiting list and were assigned to the control group. The primary outcome included weekly seizure frequency. The secondary outcomes consisted of each seizure episode, and quality of life, measured by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31), as well as the adverse events. All outcomes were measured before and after 4-week treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, TVNS failed to show better outcomes in weekly seizure frequency (treatment group, P = .12; control group, P = .56), seizure episode (treatment group, P = .65; control group, P = .92), and QOLIE-31 (treatment group, P = .73; control group, P = .84) compared with these before the treatment. Furthermore, TVNS also did not elaborate the promising effect in seizure frequency (P = .81), seizure episode (P = .75), and QOLIE-31 (P = .33), compared with these in the control group. In addition, minor and acceptable adverse events were recorded in this study. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that TVNS may be not effective for Chinese patients PSE after 4-week treatment.

[Measurement of alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen difference in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease both at rest and during maximal exercise].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) difference [P (A-a) O2)] at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in 47 COPD male patients aged (66 +/- 8) at stable stage to measure the oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) continuously in a breath-by-breath mode. Arterial blood samples were drawn both at rest and during maximal exercise. P(A-a) O2 is computed by the equation: PAO2-PaO2. RESULTS: The PaO2 level during exercise was (89 +/- 14) mm Hg, a little bit, however, not significantly, lower than that at rest [(92 +/- 9) mm Hg, P = 0.506]. The PaCO2 during exercise was 43 +/- 3 mm Hg, significantly higher than that at rest (41 +/- 4 mm Hg, P = 0.003). The patients were divided into two groups according to lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco). There was a significant increase in P(A-a) O2 from (16 +/- 8) mm Hg at rest to (42 +/- 9) mm Hg during maximal exercise in the DLco < 80% group (P = 0.005); however, in the DLco >80% group the P(A-a) O2 level during maximal exercise was (26 +/- 6) mm Hg, not significantly different from that at rest [(20 +/- 6) mm Hg, P = 0.106]. The P(A-a)O2 level of the DLco <80% group during maximal exercise was (42 +/- 9) mm Hg, significantly higher than that at rest [(16 +/- 8) mm Hg, P = 0.005]. The P(A-a)O2 was significantly negatively correlated with the forced vital capacity (r= -0.581, P = 0.037) and DLco (r = -0.671, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The increase in P (A-a) O2 during exercise in the COPD patients is mainly due to the limited diffusing capacity of the lung.

Translation of Exercise Test Response to Training Intensity Using the Count Scale.

BACKGROUND: Exercise testing is recommended before prescribing individualized exercise intensity. However, there are few data demonstrating how exercise test responses are translated into individualized training intensity using a simple method. We previously developed a simple method to rate dyspnea called the count scale, including the count scale number (CSN) and count scale time. The purpose of this study was to assess the CSN for translation of exercise test response to training intensity. METHODS: Twenty-eight subjects (22 men and 6 women) with COPD age 66.6 ± 8.22 y participated in 2 exercise sessions. During the first session, in which exercise was guided by the heart rate, the CSN and heart rate were obtained (ie, CSN1 and HR1) while the heart rate was increased by 20% compared with the resting heart rate. During the second session, exercise was guided by the CSN. When the CSN was close to the CSN1, the CSN and corresponding heart rate were recorded as CSN2 and HR2. Differences between CSN1 and CSN2 and between HR1 and HR2 were compared. The relationship between HR1 and HR2 was analyzed. Agreement between HR1 and HR2 was evaluated by Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen between HR1 and HR2 (96 ± 11 and 97 ± 11, respectively; P = .14). A high correlation between HR1 and HR2 was found (r = 0.932, P < .001). The 95% CI for the difference between HR1 and HR2 was -1.2 to 8.5 beats/min. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise guided by the CSN alone could result in a given heart rate response, suggesting that the CSN is a simple and practical tool in translating exercise test results into individualized training intensity. With the CSN as the intensity indicator, patients can exercise safely and effectively.

Novel pyrazoline-based selective fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrazine.

A novel pyrazoline-based fluorescent probe, 2-[4-(3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzylidene]-malononitrile, with a simple structure and low detection limit (6.16×10(-6)M) for the detection of hydrazine is designed and synthesized. The probe responds selectively to hydrazine over other molecules with marked fluorescence enhancement. The probe can detect hydrazine effectively at pH 5.0-9.0 with a special emission wavelength at 520nm. Moreover, the probe can be used to detect hydrazine from variety of natural source water.

Novel pyrazoline-based fluorescent probe for detecting glutathione and its application in cells.

A novel compound, 2-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl acrylate (probe L), was designed and synthesized as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for recognizing and detecting glutathione among cysteine, homocysteine and other amino acids. The structures of related compounds were characterized using IR, NMR and HRMS spectroscopy analysis. The probe is a non-fluorescent compound. On being mixed with glutathione in buffered EtOH:PBS=3:7 solution at pH 7.4, the probe exhibited the blue emission of the pyrazoline at 474 nm and a 83-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity. This probe is very sensitive and displayed a linear fluorescence off-on response to glutathione with fluorometric detection limit of 8.2 × 10(-8)M. The emission of the probe is pH independent in the physiological pH range. Live-cell imaging of HeLa cells confirmed the cell permeability of the probe and its ability to selectively discriminate GSH from Cys and Hcy in cells. The toxicity of the probe was low in cultured HeLa cells.