Weak-Water-Coordination Electrolyte to Stabilize Zinc Anode Interface for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

The performance of zinc-ion batteries is severely hindered by the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and the severe side reactions on the zinc anode interface. To address these challenges, a weak-water-coordination electrolyte is realized in a peptone-ZnSO4 -based electrolyte to simultaneously regulate the solvation structure and the interfacial environment. The peptone molecules have stronger interaction with Zn2+ ions than with water molecules, making them more prone to coordinate with Zn2+ ions and then reducing the active water in the solvated sheath. Meantime, the peptone molecules selectively adsorb on the Zn metal surface, and then are reduced to form a stable solid-electrolyte interface layer that can facilitate uniform and dense Zn deposition to inhabit the dendritic growth. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell can exhibit exceptional cycling performance over 3200 h at 1.0 mA cm-2 /1.0 mAh cm-2 in the peptone-ZnSO4 -based electrolyte. Moreover, when coupled with a Na2 V6 O16 ·3H2 O cathode, the cell exhibits a long lifespan of 3000 cycles and maintains a high capacity retention rate of 84.3% at 5.0 A g-1 . This study presents an effective approach for enabling simultaneous regulation of the solvation structure and interfacial environment to design a highly reversible Zn anode.

Flexible Supercapacitor with Wide Electrochemical Stable Window Based on Hydrogel Electrolyte.

Hydrogel electrolyte can endow supercapacitors with excellent flexibility, which has developed rapidly in recent years. However, the water-rich structures of hydrogel electrolyte are easy to freeze at subfreezing and dry at high temperatures, which will affect its energy storage characteristics. The low energy density of micro supercapacitors also hinders their development. Herein, a strategy is proposed to reduce the free water activity in the hydrogel to improve the operating voltage and the energy density of the device, which is achieved through the synergistic effect of the hydrogel skeleton, N, N'-dimethylformamide (DMF), NaClO4 and water. High concentrations of DMF and NaClO4 are introduced into sodium alginate/polyacrylamide (SA/PAAM) hydrogel through solvent exchange to obtain SA/PAAM/DMF/NaClO4 hydrogel electrolyte, which exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 82.1 mS cm-1, a high breaking strength of 563.2 kPa, and a wide voltage stability window of 3.5 V. The supercapacitor devices are assembled by the process of direct adhesion of the hydrogel electrolyte and  laser induced graphene (LIG). The micro-supercapacitor exhibited an operating voltage of 2.0 V, with a specific capacitance of 2.41 mF cm-2 and a high energy density of 1.34 µWh cm-2, and it also exhibit a high cycle stability, good flexibility, and integration performance.

Positive psychological capital, post-traumatic growth, social support, and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between positive psychological capital, post-traumatic growth, social support, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2022 to May 2023. A sample of 330 hospitalized SLE patients was selected for this study. The collected data included demographic information, the SLE disease activity index, the Positive Mental Capital Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Chinese version of the Lupus Quality of Life Scale. RESULTS: The QOL score among the 330 SLE patients was measured as M(P25, P75) of 105 (83.00,124.00). Positive psychological capital, post-traumatic growth, and social support demonstrated significant positive correlations with the QOL in SLE patients (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that literacy, disease level, disease duration, occupation, marital status, psychological capital, social support, and post-traumatic growth were influential factors associated with the QOL in SLE patients. CONCLUSION: Medical professionals should be attentive to the psychological well-being of SLE patients and should consider implementing early psychological interventions. These interventions are crucial for enhancing the QOL for individuals diagnosed with SLE.

A Fluorinated Solid-state-electrolyte Interface Layer Guiding Fast Zinc-ion Oriented Deposition in Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries are gaining popularity due to their high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, random deposition of zinc ions on the anode and sluggish migration of zinc ions on the interface would lead to the growth of zinc dendrites and poor cycling performance. To address these challenges, we developed a fluorinated solid-state-electrolyte interface layer composed of Ca5 (PO4 )3 F/Zn3 (PO4 )2 via an in situ ion exchange strategy to guide zinc-ion oriented deposition and fast zinc ion migration on the anode during cycling. The introduction of Ca5 (PO4 )3 F (FAP) can increase the nucleation sites of zinc ions and guide the oriented deposition of zinc ions along the (002) crystal plane, while the in situ formation of Zn3 (PO4 )2 during cycling can accelerate the migration of zinc ions. Benefited from our design, the assembled Zn//V2 O5 ⋅ H2 O batteries based on FAP-protected Zn anode (FAP-Zn) achieve a higher capacity retention of 84 % (220 mAh g-1 ) than that of bare-Zn based batteries, which have a capacity retention of 23 % (97 mAh g-1 ) at 3.0 A g-1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a new solution for the rational design and development of the solid-state electrolyte interface layer to achieve high-performance zinc-ion batteries.

Integration of adsorption, reduction, and filtration in PANI/PVDF nanofiber composite membrane for removal of Cr(VI).

Here, polyaniline/polyvinylidene fluoride (PANI/PVDF) nanofiber composite membrane was fabricated using electrostatic spinning technology to remove hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). The employment of PANI not only extremely enhanced the hydrophilic property of the nanofiber membrane, but also facilitated the transfer of Cr2O72- from water to the membrane. The PANI/PVDF membrane had an extremely excellent performance in getting rid of Cr(VI) and a quite large flux (250 L/m2 h). The maximum adsorption quantity of the membrane could reach 334.5 mg/g in which adsorption played 52.12% part and reduction played 47.87% part. The removal rate could reach nearly 100% immediately in the permeate solution under filtration while it needed 240 min to reach 100% only by static adsorption. Therefore, the interception of the membrane and the adsorption reduction of PANI had synergistic effect on removal of Cr(VI). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(VI) could still reach 95.97% after reused 8 times. The membrane showed a very good reusability and application prospect.

Tailoring Surface Engineering with Expanded Precursor Libraries via Rapid Mussel-Inspired Chemistry.

Mussel-inspired coating is a substrate-independent surface modification technology. However, its application is limited by time-consuming, tailoring specific functions require tedious secondary reaction. To overcome those drawbacks, a strategy for the rapid fabrication of diverse coatings by expanding the library of precursors using oxidation coupled with polyamine was proposed. Based on DFT simulations of the reaction pathways, a method was developed to achieve rapid deposition of coatings by coupling oxidation and polyamines, which simultaneously accelerated the oxidation of precursors and polymer chain growth. The feasibility and generalizability of the strategy was validated by the rapid coating of 10 catechol derivatives and polyamines on various substrates. The surface properties of the substrates such as functional group densities, Zeta potential and contact angles can be easily tuned. The tailored surface engineering application of the strategy was demonstrated by the heavy metal adsorbents and superwetting materials prepared through the delicate combination of different building blocks. Our strategy was flexible in terms of diverse surface engineering design which greatly enriched the connotation of mussel-inspired technique.

Superhydrophilic and oleophobic sponges prepared based on Mussel-Inspired chemistry for efficient oil-water separation.

Superhydrophilic/oleophobic materials are considered to be the best materials for achieving oil-water separation, but their preparation is difficult and the existing methods are not universal. In this paper, a two-step modification strategy was used to prepare superhydrophilic/oleophobic sponges by adjusting the polar and nonpolar components of the materials using mussel-inspired chemistry. While remaining superhydrophilic, the modified sponge surface has a maximum contact angle of 135° with different oils in air. The modified sponge exhibited superoleophobicity in water, and the contact angle of oil could reach more than 150°. In addition, the modified sponges were also reusable, chemically stable, and mechanically durable. Its oil-water separation flux was up to 24900 Lm-2 h-1 bar-1 , and the separation efficiency was above 97 %. We believe that this method will provide an environmentally friendly and efficient way to prepare the superhydrophilic/oleophobic materials.

Associations of chronotype with anxiety, depression and insomnia among general adult population: A cross-sectional study in Hubei, China.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between chronotype and anxiety, depression, and insomnia was inconsistent. We aimed to assess the association between chronotype and mental health and the potential moderating effect of age and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS: A multi-stage sampling cross-sectional study with 12,544 adults was conducted. Chronotype, anxiety, depression, and insomnia were investigated by 5-item Morning and Evening, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 9-item Patient Health, and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index Questionnaires. Logistic regression was conducted. RESULTS: The predominant chronotype was morning chronotype (69.2 %), followed by 27.6 % intermediate and 3.2 % evening chronotype. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia was 0.7 %, 1.9 %, and 9.6 %, respectively. Compared with intermediate chronotype, morning chronotype participants had a lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.28,95%CI:0.18-0.44), depression (OR = 0.54,95%CI:0.41-0.72) and insomnia (OR = 0.67,95%CI:0.58-0.77), while evening chronotype participants had a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.98,95%CI:1.06-3.71) but not anxiety or insomnia. Interactions between chronotype with age and SES on insomnia (Pinteraction < 0.05) were found. A more profound association between morning chronotype and insomnia was observed in <65 years participants (OR = 0.59,95%CI:0.50-0.71) and those with monthly household income ≥10,000yuan (OR = 0.21,95%CI:0.12-0.35), compared with their counterparts. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design limited causal conclusions. Only adults were included; the findings could not be generalized to children. CONCLUSIONS: The morning chronotype might be protective for anxiety, depression, and insomnia, while the evening chronotype might be a risk factor for depression. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy of chronotype-focused intervention for mental health. Insomnia prevention efforts should pay more attention to the elderly and those with lower incomes.

Achieving High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Capacity in a Surface Chemical Grafting Layer of Plateau-type Sodium Titanate.

The plateau-type sodium titanate with suitable sodiation potential is a promising anode candidate for high safe and high energy density of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the poor initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cyclic instability of sodium titanate are attributed to the unstable interfacial structure along with the decomposition of electrolytes, resulting in the continuous formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. To address this issue, a chemical grafting method is developed to fabricate a highly stable interface layer of inert Al2O3 on the sodium titanate anode, rendering the high ICE and excellent cycling stability. Based on theoretical calculations, NaPF6 are more likely adsorption on the Al2O3 surface and produce sodium fluoride. The formation of a thin and dense SEI film with rich sodium fluoride achieves the low interfacial resistances and charge-transfer resistances. Benefitting from our design, the obtained sodium titanate exhibits a high ICE from 67.7 % to 79.4 % and an enhanced reversible capacity from 151 mAh g-1 to 181 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1, along with an increase in capacity retention from 56.5 % to 80.6 % after 500 cycles. This work heralds a promising paradigm for rational regulation of interfacial stability to achieve high-performance anodes for SIBs.

A novel remediation method of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil: Dynamic equilibrium of Cd2+ rapid release from soil to water and selective adsorption by PP-g-AA fibers-ball at low concentration.

The acid-extractable fraction Cd(II) in soil accumulates easily in organisms, migrates and transforms in the ecological environment, which has posed potential health risks to human. This study found that the acid-extractable fraction Cd(II) in soil could be released rapidly into water at very low Cd2+ concentration. Carboxylated polypropylene (PP-g-AA) fibers-ball with high selectivity as adsorbent was used in the Cd(II) contaminated soil-water system. It could remove promptly trace Cd2+ from water even in the presence of interfering metal ions. Moreover, Cd(II) desorbed from soil to water could be continuously adsorbed by PP-g-AA fibers-ball, which kept the Cd2+ concentration always at a low level. This forms a dynamic equilibrium of rapid release- selective adsorption toward the acid-extractable fraction Cd(II) in the soil-water system. Here, the migratory pathway for the acid-extractable fraction Cd(II) to be released from contaminated soil to water and adsorbed simultaneously on the surface of PP-g-AA fibers-ball was established. This work offers a novel protocol that can remove more than 90% of the acid-extractable fraction Cd(II) from contaminated soil within 12 h, thereby contributes better to mitigate the risk of Cd(II) from soil to the food chain without changing the physical and chemical properties of soil.

Caffeic acid polymer rapidly modified sponge with excellent anti-oil-adhesion property and efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions.

The efficient treatment of high stability emulsion with small diameter and the prevention of oil contamination of materials are serious issues in the process of emulsion separation. In order to address those issues, we reported a fast and versatile hydrophilic surface coating technology that uses oxidants and diamines to synergistically promote the polymerization of caffeic acid (CA). It was found that amino groups can not only accelerate the polymerization of CA, but also promote the deposition of polymers on the sponge surface. Using silica nanoparticles to improve the roughness, superhydrophilic melamine sponge could be prepared, which exhibited excellent superhydrophlic-underwater superolephobic and anti-oil-adhesion properties. DFT simulation was employed to explore the potential mechanism of the anti-oil adhesion ability. In addition, combined with the mechanical compression strategy, the sponge exhibited a high efficiency of 99.10% with a permeation flux of 19080 ±â€¯700 Lm-2 h-1 in emulsion separation just under the action of gravity. Moreover, based on the interaction between the surfactant and the surface of the material, the separation mechanism was discussed. Overall, this work provided an advanced method for the preparation of superhydrophilic sponge with anti-oil-fouling performance, which showed great potential in dealing with practically challenging emulsified wastewater.

Functional group-rich hyperbranched magnetic material for simultaneous efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.

In order to achieve the purpose of simultaneous removal of coexisting heavy metal ions, in this work, functionalized magnetic mesoprous nanomaterials (Fe3O4-HBPA-ASA) with high density and multiple adsorption sites were designed and prepared. The obtained Fe3O4-HBPA-ASA was characterized by SEM, FTIR, VSM, TGA and zeta potential. Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) were chosen as the model heavy metal ions, the adsorption experiments showed that Fe3O4-HBPA-ASA showed hightheoretical adsorption capacitiesin individual system, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 136.66 mg/g, 88.36 mg/g and 165.46 mg/g, respectively. In the binary and ternary systems, the competitive adsorption leads to a decrease in the adsorption capacity of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II). However, in the ternary system with a concentration lower than 15 mg/L, the simultaneous removal rate was still higher than 90%. The adsorption isotherms and kineticswere well fitted by Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The XPS and density functional theory (DFT) analysis have confirmed that the adsorption of metal ions was related to various types of functional groups on the surface of Fe3O4-HBPA-ASA, while the adsorption mechanisms of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) were different.

Potential of marker selection to increase prediction accuracy of genomic selection in soybean (Glycine max L.).

Genomic selection is a promising molecular breeding strategy enhancing genetic gain per unit time. The objectives of our study were to (1) explore the prediction accuracy of genomic selection for plant height and yield per plant in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (2) discuss the relationship between prediction accuracy and numbers of markers, and (3) evaluate the effect of marker preselection based on different methods on the prediction accuracy. Our study is based on a population of 235 soybean varieties which were evaluated for plant height and yield per plant at multiple locations and genotyped by 5361 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. We applied ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction coupled with fivefold cross-validations and evaluated three strategies of marker preselection. For plant height, marker density and marker preselection procedure impacted prediction accuracy only marginally. In contrast, for grain yield, prediction accuracy based on markers selected with a haplotype block analyses-based approach increased by approximately 4 % compared with random or equidistant marker sampling. Thus, applying marker preselection based on haplotype blocks is an interesting option for a cost-efficient implementation of genomic selection for grain yield in soybean breeding.

A novel non-enzyme hydrogen peroxide sensor based on catalytic reduction property of silver nanowires.

A novel strategy to fabricate a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was developed based on silver nanowires modified Pt electrode. The sensor was fabricated by simple casting of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) aqueous solution on a Pt electrode. Silver nanowires were synthesized by an l-cysteine-assisted poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-mediated polyol route. UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the prepared nanowires. The electrochemical properties of H2O2 sensor were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. The as-obtained silver nanowires exhibited favorable electroreduction activity toward H2O2, and results indicated that the Ag NWs modified Pt (Ag NWs/Pt) electrode might be gifted from CV scanning with higher surface area and more active sites that afford more effective surface exposure in the electrode-electrolyte interface and consequently improved electrochemical properties. At the applied potential of -0.2V vs. Ag/AgCl, the Ag NWs/Pt electrode as an enzyme-free sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.5µM-30mM to H2O2, with a remarkable sensitivity of 9.45µA/mM, a detection limit of 0.2µM estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and fast response time (within 5s). Moreover, it showed good reproducibility, anti-interferant ability and long-term stability. The excellent performance of the sensor might be attributed to the well-defined silver nanowires with special catalytic activity.

[Goal-directed fluid management prevents gastrointestinal complications in abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials].

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether goal-directed fluid management can prevent gastrointestinal complications in major surgery. METHODS: Electronic databases including Cochrane library(Issue 3,2010), Pubmed, EMbase, Highwire, CBM, and CNKI were searched. The date of search was between January 2000 and December 2010. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were indentified studying association of goal-directed therapy (GDT) with gastrointestinal complications. Study selection and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews. Data were extracted from these trials by 3 reviewers independently and analyzed by RevMan 5.0 software. RESULTS: Ten trials involving 775 patients were included. GDT significantly improved oxygen supply(WMD=82.95, 95% CI: 17.43-148.46). GDT reduced postoperative hospital stay(WMD=-2.06, 95% CI: -2.95 - -1.17) and decreased postoperative complication rate after major surgery(RR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.29-0.52). CONCLUSION: Goal-directed fluid management can stabilize cardiac output, augment oxygen supply, and therefore reduce postoperative complications.

Synthesis of silver nanowires and their applications in the electrochemical detection of halide.

A silver nanowires modified platinum (Ag NWs/Pt) electrode was developed for simultaneous and selective determination of chloride, bromide and iodide ions by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solutions. Silver nanowires were synthesized by an l-cysteine-assisted poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-mediated polyol route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to investigate the prepared nanowires. The intrinsic high surface area and the fast electron transfer rate ascribed from the nanowire structure could further improve halide detection performance. The determination was based on measurement of the well-separated oxidation peak currents of respective silver halides formed on the surface of silver during an anodic potential sweep. The concentration range was linear from 50 µM to 20.2mM for bromide and iodide and 200 µM to 20.2mM for chloride, and the sensitivity was 0.059 µA/mM, 0.042 µA/mM and 0.032 µA/mM for chloride, bromide and iodide, respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.999 in each case. The Ag NWs/Pt electrode offered a useful platform for the development of a highly sensitive halide sensor.

Noncovalently functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution using the hydrophobin HFBI and their electroanalytical application.

A novel noncovalent approach was developed for the functionalization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using the hydrophobin, HFBI. Owing to the amphipathic nature, HFBI can be adopted onto the surface of MWNTs to form HFBI-MWNTs nanocomposite with good dispersion in water. The HFBI-MWNTs nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and water contact angle measurements (WCA). Furthermore, a glucose biosensor was developed based on HFBI-MWNTs by a one-step casting method. The resulting biosensor displayed high sensitivity, wider linear range, low detection limit, and fast response for glucose detection, which implicated that the HFBI-MWNTs nanocomposite film holds great promise in the design of electrochemical devices, such as sensors and biosensors.

[Efficacy and safety of abdominal drainage after gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients: a systematic review].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of gastrectomy abdominal drainage after gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Cochrane systematic evaluation was used to search through Cochrane library (2007-No.3) of clinical comparative trail, PubMed (1976-2008), Embase (1982-2008), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM 1979-2008), Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database (CSJD 1989-2008) and Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD1994-2008), aided with manual retrieval and other retrievals. The quality of the assessment was independently evaluated and cross-checked by two evaluators. The results of homogeneous studies were analyzed with RevMan4.2.10 software. RESULTS: A total of 47 articles were retrieved. Three randomized controlled trials were involved. A total of 338 patients were studied. Of the 338 patients, 160 were treated with total gastrectomy, 178 subtotal gastrectomy. Among the 338 patients, 167 were treated without abdominal drainage. Above 3 trials did not report blind method and did not describe method of allocation concealment. No significant differences were found in pulmonary complication, wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, clinical leakage and initiation of soft diet between abdominal drainage group and without abdominal drainage group. Statistical results showed odds ratio (OR)=1.23, 95% CI=0.49-3.07 for pulmonary complication; OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.36-3.29 for wound infection; OR=1.28, 95% CI=0.28-5.8 for intra-abdominal abscess; OR=1.53, 95% CI=0.25-9.42 for anastomotic leakage; OR=1.78, 95% CI=0.37-8.56 for hospital mortality; WMD=0.12, 95% CI=-0.11-0.35 for initiation of soft diet. Besides, significant difference was found in hospital stay (WMD=0.65, 95% CI=0.03-1.26), and abdominal drainage group was longer. CONCLUSION: Abdominal drainage after gastrectomy should not be recommended as a regular treatment for gastric cancer patients.

Self-assembled film of hydrophobins on gold surfaces and its application to electrochemical biosensing.

Hydrophobins are small fungal proteins which self-assemble on interfaces and significantly change the surface wettability. The self-assembled film of hydrophobin HFBI on a gold surface improved the surface hydrophilicity with water contact angle changing from 73.8+/-1.8 degrees to 45.3+/-1.4 degrees . A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analysis indicated that the HFBI coverage density on a gold surface was 588 ng cm(-2), and the self-assembled film remained stable under different pH values ranging from 1 to 13. A hydrophilic protein such as choline oxidase (ChOx) was then successfully immobilized on the HFBI modified gold surface. To evaluate the bioactivity of immobilized enzyme, an amperometric choline biosensor was constructed based on the Gold/HFBI/ChOx electrode, which produced as large as 4578.27 nA response current by 0.238 microg immobilized ChOx, when saturated by choline substrate. Comparing with our choline biosensors previously reported, the HFBI self-assembled film exhibited excellent capability to preserve the bioactivity of ChOx, hence a great potential in electrochemical biosensing is suggested.