Whole-genome sequencing of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 2515 revealed its antibacterial potency against Vibrio anguillarum: a preliminary invitro study.

Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 2515, isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei culture water, is a potential marine probiotic with broad anti-Vibrio properties. However, genomic information on P. piscicida 2515 is scarce. In this study, the general genomic characteristics and probiotic properties of the P. piscicida 2515 strain were analysed. In addition, we determined the antibacterial mechanism of this bacterial strain by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the whole-genome sequence of P. piscicida 2515 contained one chromosome and one plasmid, including a total length of 5,541,406 bp with a G + C content of 43.24%, and 4679 protein-coding genes were predicted. Various adhesion-related genes, amino acid and vitamin metabolism and biosynthesis genes, and stress-responsive genes were found with genome mining tools. The presence of genes encoding chitin, bromocyclic peptides, lantibiotics, and sactipeptides showed the strong antibacterial activity of the P. piscicida 2515 strain. Moreover, in coculture with Vibrio anguillarum, P. piscicida 2515 displayed vesicle/pilus-like structures located on its surface that possibly participated in its bactericidal activity, representing an antibacterial mechanism. Additionally, 16 haemolytic genes and 3 antibiotic resistance genes, including tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, and carbapenem were annotated, but virulence genes encoding enterotoxin FM (entFM), cereulide (ces), and cytotoxin K were not detected. Further tests should be conducted to confirm the safety characteristics of P. piscicida 2515, including long-term toxicology tests, ecotoxicological assessment, and antibiotic resistance transfer risk assessment. Our results here revealed a new understanding of the probiotic properties and antibacterial mechanism of P. piscicida 2515, in addition to theoretical information for its application in aquaculture.

The impact of refined nursing intervention on neurological function recovery and prognosis improvement in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the application of refined nursing intervention in patients undergoing unruptured intracranial aneurysm intervention, evaluating its impact on neurological function recovery and prognosis improvement. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with intracranial aneurysms and undergoing treatment at our hospital from February 2022 to June 2023 were included in this study. After applying complete inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure sample representativeness, a total of 92 patients were enrolled. Using a randomization method, patients were divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group received refined nursing intervention. Nursing effects were compared between the two groups, and statistical analysis was conducted using appropriate methods, with content analysis summarizing the results. RESULTS: The observation group, post-intervention, exhibited significantly improved Neurological Function Deficit (NFD) scores compared to the control group (p = 0.023). Additionally, the observation group showed higher proportions of Grade V patients in the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) post-intervention (p = 0.031). Moreover, Fugl Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores for motor function were notably higher in the observation group than the control group (p = 0.003). The observation group also reported lower headache intensity and fewer adverse outcomes than the control group (p = 0.018, 0.038). CONCLUSION: Refined nursing intervention in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention demonstrates better outcomes in terms of neurological function recovery and prognosis improvement. It reduces uncertainty in nursing practices, effectively enhancing nursing outcomes, and warrants clinical application and promotion.

Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Arylation and Heteroarylation of Aldimines via an Elementary 1,4-Addition.

Nickel catalysts of chiral pyrox ligands promoted enantioselective reductive arylation and heteroarylation of aldimines, using directly (hetero)aryl halides and sulfonates. The catalytic arylation can also be conducted with crude aldimines generated from condensation of aldehydes and azaaryl amines. Mechanistically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments pointed to an elementary step of 1,4-addition of aryl nickel(I) complexes to N-azaaryl aldimines.

Oxidative stress and related metabolic alterations are induced in ex situ perfusion of donated hearts regardless of the ventricular load or leukocyte depletion.

We sought to determine the role of donor blood circulating leukocytes in mediating oxidative stress and inflammation during normothermic ex situ heart perfusion (ESHP). Normothermic ESHP allows preservation of donated heart in a perfused, dynamic state, preventing ischemia. However, the cardiac function declines during ESHP, limiting the potential of this method for improvement of the outcomes of transplantation and expanding the donor pool. Extracorporeal circulation-related oxidative stress plays a critical role in the functional decline of the donor heart. Hearts from domestic pigs were perfused in working mode (WM, whole blood-based or leukocyte-depleted blood-based perfusate) or nonworking mode. Markers of oxidative stress and responsive glucose anabolic pathways were induced in the myocardium regardless of left ventricular load. Myocardial function during ESHP as well as cardioprotective mechanisms were preserved better in WM. Leukocyte-depleted perfusate did not attenuate tissue oxidative stress or perfusate proinflammatory cytokines and did not improve functional preservation. Although ESHP is associated with ongoing oxidative stress and metabolic alteration in the myocardium, preserved cardioprotective mechanisms in WM may exert beneficial effects. Leukocyte depletion of the perfusate may not attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress effectively or improve the functional preservation of the heart during ESHP.

Multimodal Ultrasonography Features of Breast Lymphomas: 3 Cases Report.

To investigate the multimodal ultrasonography (US) features of breast lymphomas (BLs). Multimodal ultrasonography was performed on three patients who had been diagnosed BLs by pathology in our hospital. Two cases of primary BLs appeared hyper hyperechoic and hypoechoic, and one case of second BL appeared isoechoic and hypoechoic. Elastography of two lesions was soft elasticity and the elasticity score was 2 points. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) revealed rapid uniform high enhancement with clearly defined after injection. There are some common features in ultrasound. Combined with those features can help to improve the sonographer's understanding and diagnosis of the BLs.

Evaluating Urban Building Damage of 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey Earthquake Sequence Using SAR Change Detection.

On February 6, 2023 (local time), two earthquakes (Mw7.8 and Mw7.7) struck central and southern Turkey, causing extensive damage to several cities and claiming a toll of 40,000 lives. In this study, we propose a method for seismic building damage assessment and analysis by combining SAR amplitude and phase coherence change detection. We determined building damage in five severely impacted urban areas and calculated the damage ratio by measuring the urban area and the damaged area. The largest damage ratio of 18.93% is observed in Nurdagi, and the smallest ratio of 7.59% is found in Islahiye. We verified the results by comparing them with high-resolution optical images and AI recognition results from the Microsoft team. We also used pixel offset tracking (POT) technology and D-InSAR technology to obtain surface deformation using Sentinel-1A images and analyzed the relationship between surface deformation and post-earthquake urban building damage. The results show that Nurdagi has the largest urban average surface deformation of 0.48 m and Antakya has the smallest deformation of 0.09 m. We found that buildings in the areas with steeper slopes or closer to earthquake faults have higher risk of collapse. We also discussed the influence of SAR image parameters on building change recognition. Image resolution and observation geometry have a great influence on the change detection results, and the resolution can be improved by various means to raise the recognition accuracy. Our research findings can guide earthquake disaster assessment and analysis and identify influential factors of earthquake damage.

Reliability and validity of the Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

OBJECTIVE: The Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) has been used for assessing mobility limitations and predicting falling risk among older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the POMA in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional study in which a sample of 627 older adults completed the POMA. Reliability was tested using internal consistencies and test-retest reliability analyses, while validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and known-group approach. Floor and ceiling effects were also tested. RESULTS: The POMA and its two subscales had good internal consistency reliability and interrater reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the POMA had a two-factor structure. The POMA and its subscales exhibited moderate-to-good discriminant validity. A high ceiling effect was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The POMA had satisfactory reliability and validity among Chinese older adults. Nevertheless, a high ceiling effect may limit its use in community settings.

Life Strain, Negative Emotions, and Religious Involvement in Contemporary China.

Explaining religious growth in China remains a challenge for social scientists. Research on Western nations establishes religion as a powerful resource for coping with life strain. However, China's sociopolitical context, which often treats religion as deviant, is thought to function as a deterrent to conversion. When individuals experience life strain, they respond with negative emotions. Because those who experience strain may turn to non-traditional and deviant activities, we argue that they will be less deterred by China's negative framing of religion when seeking resources for coping. Applying lagged dependent variable models to the 2012-2014 China Family Panel Study, we find that life strain is associated with increases in religious affiliation, service attendance, and salience. Further analyses show that negative emotions mediate the effects of life strain on religiosity. Our study makes a substantial contribution to multiple bodies of literature by applying a theory of deviance to the study of religion, modernization, and mental health.

Ultrasonography and clinicopathological features of breast cancer in predicting axillary lymph node metastases.

BACKGROUND: Early identification of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) in breast cancer (BC) is still a clinical difficulty. There is still no good method to replace sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The purpose of our study was to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the probability of ALNM preoperatively based on ultrasonography (US) and clinicopathological features of primary tumors. METHODS: From September 2019 to April 2022, the preoperative US) and clinicopathological data of 1076 T1-T2 BC patients underwent surgical treatment were collected. Patients were divided into a training set (875 patients from September 2019 to October 2021) and a validation set (201 patients from November 2021 to April 2022). Patients were divided into positive and negative axillary lymph node (ALN) group according pathology of axillary surgery. Compared the US and clinicopathological features between the two groups. The risk factors for ALNM were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram was constructed. AUC and calibration were used to assess its performance. RESULTS: By univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (p = 0.009), histologic grades (p = 0.000), molecular subtypes (p = 0.000), tumor location (p = 0.000), maximum diameter (p = 0.000), spiculated margin (p = 0.000) and distance from the skin (p = 0.000) were independent risk factors of ALNM. Then a nomogram was developed. The model was good discriminating with an AUC of 0.705 and 0.745 for the training and validation set, respectively. And the calibration curves demonstrated high agreement. However, in further predicting a heavy nodal disease burden (> 2 nodes), none of the variables were significant. CONCLUSION: This nomogram based on the US and clinicopathological data can predict the presence of ALNM good in T1-T2 BC patients. But it cannot effectively predict a heavy nodal disease burden (> 2 nodes).

Prevalence and diagnostic agreement of sarcopenic obesity with different definitions among Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

OBJECTIVE: this retrospective study aims to compare the prevalence and diagnostic agreement of sarcopenic obesity (SO) using different obesity diagnostic methods among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: SO was diagnosed with sarcopenia and obesity diagnostic methods. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria 2019 (AWGS2019). Four widely used indicators were used to define obesity: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent of body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA). Cohen's kappa was used to analyse the diagnosis agreement of SO between different diagnostic methods. RESULTS: a total of 1,050 participants were included, including 347 men (71.3 ± 7.4 years) and 703 women (69.9 ± 7.5 years). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 25% in total participants, there was no difference between men (24.2%) and women (25.5%), (P = 0.705). With different obesity diagnostic methods, the obesity prevalence ranged from 4.1 to 42.2%, the SO prevalence was 0.1-7.9%. The diagnosis agreement of SO was poor-to-moderate (κ ranged from -0.002 to 0.682). Among the four diagnostic methods, AWGS combined with BMI had the poorest agreement (κ = -0.002 with other methods), AWGS combined with VFA had the best agreement (κ = 0.641 and 0.682 with AWGS combined with PBF and with AWGS combined with WC, respectively). CONCLUSION: the prevalence of SO vary considerably and the diagnostic agreement is poor-to-moderate with non-uniform diagnostic methods. BMI has the lowest sensitivity, whereas VFA has the highest sensitivity in diagnosis of SO, and VFA has a relatively good diagnostic agreement with other diagnostic methods.

Multi-omics analyses revealed key factors involved in fluorescent carbon-dots-regulated secondary metabolism in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.

BACKGROUND: Luminescent nanomaterials (LNMs), especially newly-exploited fluorescent carbon-dots (CDs), have demonstrated promising candidates for sunlight harvesting and enhanced photosynthesis efficiency of crops. However, most of the studies focus on the design and synthesis of LNMs and primary metabolism in biomass acceleration, secondary metabolism that closely associated with the quality ingredients of plants is rarely mentioned. RESULTS: UV-absorptive and water-soluble NIR-CDs were harvested via a facile microwave-assisted carbonization method. The effect and regulatory mechanism of NIR-CDs on the secondary metabolism and bioactive ingredients accumulation in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum were explored. A total of 191 differential secondary metabolites and 6874 differentially expressed genes were identified when the NIR-CDs were adopted for enhancing growth of T. hemsleyanum. The phenolic acids were generally improved, but the flavonoids were more likely to decrease. The pivotal differentially expressed genes were involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, etc. The gene-metabolite association was constructed and 44 hub genes highly related to quality ingredients accumulation and growth were identified, among which and the top 5 genes of the PPI network might be the key regulators. CONCLUSION: This research provided key regulatory genes and differentially accumulating quality ingredients under NIR-CDs-treatment, which could provide a theoretical basis for expanding the applications of nanomaterial in industrial crop agriculture.

The Prevalence of Sarcopenia among Hunan Province Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 60 Years and Older and Its Relationship with Lifestyle: Diagnostic Criteria from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 Update.

Background and Objectives: This study aims to detect the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Hunan Province, discuss factors related to lifestyle, and provide a reliable basis for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 1040 community-dwelling adults ≥ 60 years were examined for sarcopenia using a cluster stratified random sampling method, which was defined using the diagnostic criteria recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) from September 2019 to March 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the correlation between sarcopenia and smoking, drinking, nutritional status, physical activity, and sleep quality. Results: A total of 27.1% of the older adults were diagnosed with sarcopenia, with rates of 26.2% in men and 25.2% in women. Multiple logistic regression showed that advanced age (OR = 2.480, 95% CI: 1.730, 3.553), the risk of malnutrition (OR = 2.085, 95% CI: 1.440, 3.019), and malnutrition (OR = 1.212, 95% CI: 0.304, 4.834) were risk factors for sarcopenia. No falls in the previous year (OR = 0.616, 95% CI: 1.885, 1.209), normal weight (OR = 0.228, 95% CI: 0.109, 0.475), overweight (OR = 0.030, 95% CI: 0.013, 0.069), moderate physical activity (OR = 0.593, 95% CI: 0.377, 0.933), or high physical activity (OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.230, 0.755) were identified as protective factors for sarcopenia. Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia was high among older adults in the community in Hunan Province. In addition, we found that lifestyle is an important factor in sarcopenia.

Fluorescent carbon-dots enhance light harvesting and photosynthesis by overexpressing PsbP and PsiK genes.

BACKGROUND: Fluorescent carbon-dots (CDs) with multifaceted advantages have provided hope for improvement of crop growth. Near infrared (NIR) CDs would be more competitive and promising than short-wavelength emissive CDs, which are not directly utilized by chloroplast. The molecular targets and underlying mechanism of these stimulative effects are rarely mentioned. RESULTS: NIR-CDs with good mono-dispersity and hydrophily were easily prepared by a one-step microwave-assisted carbonization manner, which showed obvious UV absorptive and far-red emissive properties. The chloroplast-CDs complexes could accelerate the electron transfer from photosystem II (PS II) to photosystem I (PS I). NIR-CDs exhibited a concentration-dependent promotion effect on N. benthamiana growth by strengthening photosynthesis. We firstly demonstrated that potential mechanisms behind the photosynthesis-stimulating activity might be related to up-regulated expression of the photosynthesis and chloroplast synthesis related genes, among which PsbP and PsiK genes are the key regulators. CONCLUSION: These results illustrated that NIR-CDs showed great potential in the applications to increase crop yields through ultraviolet light harvesting and elevated photosynthesis efficiency. This work would provide a theoretical basis for the understanding and applications of the luminescent nanomaterials (not limited to CDs) in the sunlight conversion-related sustainable agriculture.

A community-based nurse-led medication self-management intervention in the improvement of medication adherence in older patients with multimorbidity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Older patients suffering from multimorbidity are at high risk of medication nonadherence. It has been well established that self-management support is an effective strategy to enhance medication adherence for patients with chronic conditions. However, little is known about the effect of the medication self-management intervention in older patients with multimorbidity. This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led medication self-management intervention in improving medication adherence and health outcomes for community-dwelling older patients with multimorbidity. METHODS: The study protocol follows the recommendations of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials 2013 statement. This study is a multicentre, single-blind, two-arm randomised controlled trial. Older patients with multimorbidity will be recruited from three community health centres in Changsha, China. A total of 136 participants will be randomly allocated to receive usual care or usual care plus the medication self-management intervention. The intervention will be delivered by community nurses. The 6-week intervention includes three face-to-face education sessions and two weekly follow-up phone calls. Participants in the control group continue to receive all respects of usual care offered by community healthcare providers, including chronic disease management, drug prescription, referral to hospital specialists, health education and consultations regarding patients' diseases and treatments during centre visits. The primary outcome is medication adherence as measured by the 5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale. Secondary outcomes include medication self-management capacity (medication knowledge, medication beliefs, medication social support, medication skills, and medication self-efficacy), treatment experiences (medication treatment satisfaction and treatment burden), quality of life, and utilisation of healthcare services. All outcomes will be measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 3-month post-intervention. DISCUSSION: This study will provide evidence about the effectiveness of a medication self-management intervention, delivered by nurses, for older patients with multimorbidity and adherence problems. It is expected that the results of the study, if proven effective in improving patients' adherence and health outcomes, will provide evidence-based self-management support strategies for healthcare providers in routine chronic disease management in community settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at ChiCTR.org.cn ( ChiCTR2000030011 ; date February 19, 2020).

Cultural adaptation, the 3-month efficacy of visual art training on observational and diagnostic skills among nursing students, and satisfaction among students and staff- a mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: Visual art training is a student-led approach using Western art pieces as the main teaching resources. It has been developed and applied in nursing and medical education in the United States. This study aimed to adapt visual art training to Chinese cultural context, then to compare the efficacy of the culturally-tailored visual art training versus traditional education on observational and diagnostic skills at 3-month follow-up among Chinese nursing students in master program. METHODS: This study included Phase 1 (cultural adaptation) and Phase 2 (3-month efficacy evaluation). It was conducted from June to September, 2019. In Phase 1, cultural barriers were identified and cultural adaptation strategy were made based on two focus group interviews. Phase 2 was a randomized controlled trial in a local museum. A total of 106 first-year nursing students in master program were randomized to the intervention group or the control group. Both groups received traditional education. In addition, intervention group received a visual art training (including a field-guided museum visit with observation and debriefing of Chinese oil paintings and clinical images, four teaching hours). Data were collected for both groups at baseline and 3-month follow-up on the observational and diagnostic skills measured by clinical image tests. Learning satisfaction with the visual art training was investigated among 53 intervention students and teaching satisfaction was done in 10 staff members by self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: In phase 1, we adapted a culturally-tailored visual art training for nursing students in China. Observational skills of the intervention group increased significantly compared with the control group 3 months after the training (p < .001). A trend towards the improvement of diagnostic skills was indicated with increment of 2.92 points of the intervention group vs. 0.39 of the control group (p > .05). In general, all participants and staff were satisfied with the visual art training, especially the selected Chinese oil paintings and the student-led teaching process, but 34% (n = 18) were not satisfied with the long distance from the museum. CONCLUSIONS: A culturally-tailored visual art training with great acceptability and feasibility was implemented in China. It had a sustained positive effect on improving the observational skills of Chinese nursing students. This study can be used for a reference to introduce visual art training to nursing students or nurses from other cultures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR2000037956 ) on 4th September, 2020.

Relationship between Postoperative Recovery and Nutrition Risk Screened by NRS 2002 and Nutrition Support Status in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Objective: Investigating incidence of nutritional risk and nutrition support in gastrointestinal cancer patients to provide reference for improving the clinical nutritional application level.Method: We evaluated the nutritional risk of gastrointestinal cancer patients who were newly admitted from September 2015 to February 2016 by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002).Results: Totally, 201 cases completed assessment by NRS 2002, and 69 cases (34.3%) were at nutritional risk. The incidence of nutritional risk was higher in patients with ≥65 (P < 0.05), with tumor size ≥ 5 cm (P < 0.05) or well-differentiated (P < 0.001). Incidence of nutritional risk in patients with BMI < 18.5 was higher than patients with BMI 18.5-25 and ≥25 (P < 0.05). Patients with nutrition risk had greater rate of anemia than with no risk. In nutritional risk group, 54 cases underwent enteral nutrition support, and their hospitalization stay was shorter, and the rates of complications were smaller (P < 0.05). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed NRS 2002 score, middle differentiation degree and III/I were the risk factors for postoperative complication.Conclusion: Preoperative NRS 2002 score was proved to be a predictive index for postoperative complication rate, and this indicates that patients with a high preoperative NRS 2002 score are at higher risk of developing postoperative complications and longer recovery period.

Correction for color artifacts using the RGB intersection and the weighted bilinear interpolation.

Due to the defects of optical systems, image sensors, and imperfect algorithms for image acquisition, compression, and restoration, color artifacts often appear in images obtained by imaging devices such as digital cameras and scanners. Moreover, color artifacts are difficult to eliminate because of technical limitations, even in some mature commercial cameras. On the basis of red, green, and blue (RGB) intersection (RGBI), a correction method for color artifacts is proposed in this paper, where the RGB intersection-based method can effectively detect various types of color artifacts. Also, by combining the object information with weighted bilinear interpolation, the continuity of the image is kept while restoring the real color. Experiments demonstrate that the RGBI method, which is applicable to all color images, can eliminate various types of color artifacts with accurate detection and less artifact residue, even if the image has severe color distortion or the areas of the color artifacts are small and discrete.

Clinical study of vitamin A combined with vitamin B in prevention and treatment of anemia in premature infants.

BACKGROUND: We explored the clinical efficacy of vitamin A combined with vitamin B in the prevention and treatment of premature infants with anemia. METHODS: One hundred fifty cases of premature infants were divided into three groups. Vitamin A combined with recombinant human erythropoietin (group A), vitamin B combined with recombinant human erythropoietin (group B), vitamin A combined with vitamin B combined with recombinant human erythropoietin treatment (recorded as group C). Levels of serum ferritin (SF), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and reticulocyte (Ret) in the serum of children before and after treatment were compared with those of three different treatments. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of SF, Hb and Ret in group C were higher than those in group A and B, and the level of Hct in group C was lower than that in group A and B (P<0.05) There was no significant difference in SF, Hb, Hct and Ret between the two groups (P>0.05). The ratio of blood transfusion in group C was lower than that in group A and B (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A combined with vitamin B can effectively prevent anemia in premature infants, which has important clinical significance.

Vectors and reservoir hosts of covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) in shrimp ponds.

Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) is the pathogen that has been identified as the cause of viral covert mortality disease (VCMD) in marine and brackish water shrimp. Recent outbreaks of this disease have resulted, and continue to result, in substantial production and economic losses to shrimp aquaculture producers in China and elsewhere. To explore potential vectors and reservoir hosts of CMNV, we collected fifteen species of invertebrates from shrimp ponds affected by VCMD. Samples were tested through the use of: reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), reverse transcription nested PCR (RT-nPCR) followed by gene sequencing, histopathology, and in situ RNA hybridization (ISH). The results of RT-LAMP and RT-nPCR assay indicated that CMNV positive samples were identified in eleven species including brine shrimp Artemia sinica, a barnacle Balanus sp., the rotifer Brachionus urceus, the amphipod Corophium sinense Zhang, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a hermit crab Diogenes edwardsii, the common clam Meretrix lusoria, a ghost crab Ocypode cordimundus, the hyperiid amphipod Parathemisto gaudichaudi, a fiddler crab Tubuca arcuata, and an unidentified gammarid amphipod. The alignment of CMNV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences from eight of the species demonstrated high identities (97-100% in nucleotide sequence) with that from the original CMNV isolates of Penaeus vannamei, which suggests that these species could either be infected with, or acting as mechanical vectors of, CMNV. The CMNV infection in C. sinense, D. edwardsii, O. cordimanus Zhang, P. gaudichalldi, and T. arcuata results, to varying degrees, in vacuolation and necrosis of targeted tissues, as was verified by ISH. The infection of CMNV in these five species suggests that they might act as reservoir hosts of CMNV. The results indicate that the common species of invertebrates inhabiting shrimp ponds may constitute biological risk factors for CMNV outbreaks.