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Sulfonyl groups are motifs that are widely found in biologically active compounds and drug molecules, many isolated natural products as well as pharmaceuticals contain sulfonyl groups. Herein, we present the synthesis of sulfonyl-substituted isoindolones by a electrochemical oxidative radical cascade cycloaddition reaction of olefinic amides with sodium sulfite under oxidant- and catalyst-free conditions. Various olefinic amides and sodium sulfinates were compatible and gave the desired products in yields up to 99%.
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BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is recommended in patients with frequent and symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in an otherwise normal heart. Right or left outflow tract (OT) are the most common origins, and catheter ablation is highly effective with low complication rates. However, outcome of catheter ablation of VAs other than the OT (non-OTVAs) is limited. The aim of this single-center study was to assess the safety and mid-term outcome of catheter ablation for non-OTVAs. METHOD AND RESULTS: From 2013 to 2018, 251 patients who underwent catheter ablation for idiopathic non-OTVAs were enrolled and grouped according to the origins including His-Purkinje system (HPS, n = 108), papillary muscle / moderator band (PM/MB, n = 47), tricuspid annulus (TA, n = 70), and mitral annulus (MA, n = 26), 244 (97.2%) had acute elimination of VAs. The time of VAs recurrence of the single procedure was 1.69 (0.12,9.72) months, with 66% occurring within the first 3 months. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the PM/MB group than in the TA (p = 0.025) and MA groups (p = 0.023). The single procedure success rate in all patients was 70.1%, in which 66.7%, 59.6%, 80%, and 76.9% were achieved in the HPS, PM/MB, TA, and MA groups, respectively (p = 0.284). After multiple procedures, the total success rate was 76.5% at the follow-up of 4.38 ± 2.42 years. The rate was significantly lower in the PM/MB group than in the TA group (p = 0.035). In subgroup analysis, no significant difference was observed in the recurrence rate of single procedure in patients with different VA origins within the PM/MB (log-rank test, p = 0.546). CONCLUSION: Despite a certain percentage of recurrences observed in the mid-term follow-up, catheter ablation remained feasible and effective for idiopathic non-OTVAs.
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Ablação por Cateter , Músculos Papilares , Humanos , Ventrículos do Coração , Arritmias Cardíacas , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Valva MitralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) have attracted widespread concern due to their environmental persistence and potential toxicity. This study aims to examine the association between BFRs exposure and hypertension. METHODS: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005 to 2016 for the cross-sectional analysis. To evaluate the individual and combined impacts of BFRs exposure on hypertension, we utilized multivariate models, including generalized additive models, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. RESULTS: 9882 individuals (48% male) aged ≥ 20 were included in the final analysis, of whom 4114 had hypertension. After controlling for potential covariates, higher serum concentrations of PBDE100 (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and PBDE153 (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.88) were significantly associated with hypertension. A nonlinear relationship between PBDE28 and hypertension was observed (P = 0.03). Moreover, BFRs mixture were positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension in both the WQS (ß:1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17; P = 0.02) and BKMR models. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that BFRs exposure is positively associated with hypertension in the general population. To confirm this association and elucidate the mechanisms, further research is required.
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Exposição Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais , Retardadores de Chama , Éteres Difenil Halogenados , Hipertensão , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Humanos , Retardadores de Chama/análise , Feminino , Masculino , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Éteres Difenil Halogenados/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Bifenil Polibromatos/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Licorice extract is an important raw material for food additives and medicine. The quality of licorice extract is dictated by the drying process. The commonly used drying methods of licorice extract are not efficient in obtaining high-quality products so alternative techniques need to be developed and researched. In this study, ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying (UAVD) was first utilized to improve drying efficiency and produce a higher-quality product. The changes in water mobility of licorice extract during drying were characterized using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. In addition, the effects of ultrasonic power on the drying dynamics, the contents of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid, the antioxidant capacity and the microstructure formation of licorice extract during the whole drying process were investigated. RESULTS: The drying times for licorice extract to reach equilibrium moisture content were reduced by 9.09-69.70% with UAVD at 40-200 W compared with that without ultrasonic treatment (0 W). Moreover, the proportions of bound water and semi-bound water in fresh concentrate were 3.75% and 96.25%. It was also found that high ultrasonic power promoted the flow of water and the formation of porous structure in licorice extract, which led to the improvement of drying efficiency. The contents of liquiritin (2.444%) and glycyrrhizic acid (6.514%) were retained to a large degree in the dried product at an ultrasonic power of 80 W. The DPPH inhibition rate of UAVD samples with different ultrasonic powers ranged from 84.07 ± 0.46% to 90.65 ± 0.22%. CONCLUSION: UAVD has the advantages of high efficiency and low energy consumption, which may be an alternative technology for vacuum drying widely used in industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Glycyrrhiza , Ácido Glicirrízico , Extratos Vegetais , Ultrassom , Vácuo , Dessecação/métodos , Cinética , ÁguaRESUMO
Drying is an indispensable processing step for Chinese medicinal materials after harvesting. It often leads to significant changes in the active components of these materials, thus impacting their medicinal values. Understanding the mechanisms behind the changes during the drying process is of great importance for regulating the transformation of key active components. Therefore, this paper reviews the available studies and comprehensively expounds the mechanisms underlying the changes in active components during the drying process. The aim is to offer insights for the development of regulatory strategies and the improvement of drying techniques for Chinese medicinal materials.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , DessecaçãoRESUMO
The quality of traditional Chinese medicine preparations is directly related to the safety of patients. Among the various factors, the process and corresponding critical equipment are critical factors influencing the quality of the preparations. To improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, this article summarizes and analyzes the problems in the process links and corresponding critical equipment in the manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Furthermore, a critical quality attribute evaluation system is established based on safety and effectiveness combined with the drug properties, preparation process, and preparation characteristics, providing a basis for the process and equipment improvements aimed at quality enhancement.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , ComércioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To dynamically observe the changes in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evaluate their clinical value in predicting the severity and prognosis of pediatric TBI. METHODS: A prospective study included 47 children with moderate to severe TBI from January 2021 to July 2023, categorized into moderate (scores 9-12) and severe (scores 3-8) subgroups based on the Glasgow Coma Scale. A control group consisted of 30 children diagnosed and treated for inguinal hernia during the same period, with no underlying diseases. The levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, autophagy-related protein Beclin-1, and S100B were compared among groups. The predictive value of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B for the severity and prognosis of TBI was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Serum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B in the TBI group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Among the TBI patients, the severe subgroup had higher levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B than the moderate subgroup (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B were negatively correlated with the Glasgow Coma Scale scores (P<0.05). After 7 days of treatment, serum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B in both non-surgical and surgical TBI patients decreased compared to before treatment (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that the areas under the curve for predicting severe TBI based on serum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B were 0.782, 0.835, 0.872, and 0.880, respectively (P<0.05), and for predicting poor prognosis of TBI were 0.749, 0.775, 0.814, and 0.751, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, and Beclin-1 are significantly elevated in children with TBI, and their measurement can aid in the clinical assessment of the severity and prognosis of pediatric TBI.
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Proteína Beclina-1 , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia , Proteínas de Membrana , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/sangue , Criança , Proteínas de Membrana/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/sangue , Proteína Beclina-1/sangue , Prognóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/sangue , Subunidade beta da Proteína Ligante de Cálcio S100/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Lactente , AdolescenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is difficult to distinguish between arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) because of their similar clinical manifestations. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic algorithm for distinguishing ACM from DCM. METHODS: Two public datasets containing human ACM and DCM myocardial samples were used. Consensus clustering, non-negative matrix factorization and principal component analysis were applied. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning methods, including random forest and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, were used to identify candidate genes. Receiver operating characteristic curves and nomograms were performed to estimate diagnostic efficacy, and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between candidate genes and cardiac function indices. RESULTS: Both ACM and DCM showed highly similar gene expression patterns in the clustering analyses. Hub gene modules associated with cardiomyopathy were obtained using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Thirteen candidate genes were selected using machine learning algorithms, and their combination showed a high diagnostic value (area under the ROC curve = 0.86) for distinguishing ACM from DCM. In addition, TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15 showed a negative correlation with cardiac index (R = -0.54, p = 0.0054) and left ventricular ejection fraction (R = -0.48, p = 0.0015). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed an effective diagnostic model with key gene signatures, which indicates a potential tool to differentiate between ACM and DCM in clinical practice. In addition, we identified several genes that are highly related to cardiac function, which may contribute to our understanding of ACM and DCM.
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Cardiomiopatias , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada , Humanos , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/genética , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Algoritmos , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prolonged use of anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD) beyond the post-ablation blanking period to maintain sinus rhythm has been adopted in clinical practice but without sufficient evidence. Dronedarone is an AAD valid for maintaining sinus rhythm with fewer side effects than other AAD for long-term use. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the effect of prolonged use of dronedarone on the recurrence of non-paroxysmal AF patients beyond 3 months within the first year after ablation. METHODS: Non-paroxysmal AF patients will receive dronedarone for 3 months after radiofrequency ablation. Patients without drug side effects and atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) recurrence will then be randomly divided into dronedarone and placebo groups and followed up until 1 year after ablation. The primary endpoint is the cumulative nonrecurrence rate post 3 months to 1 year after ablation. Patients will receive 7-day Holter monitoring (ECG patch) at 6, 9, and 12 months after ablation to evaluate AT recurrence. Secondary endpoints include dronedarone withdrawal due to side effects or intolerance of AT recurrence, time to the first recurrence, repeat ablation, electrical cardioversion, unscheduled emergency room visit, or re-hospitalization. CONCLUSION: This trial will evaluate whether prolonged use of dronedarone effectively reduces the recurrence rate after ablation in non-paroxysmal AF patients. The result of this trial will provide evidence for optimizing post-ablation anti-arrhythmic therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ; NCT05655468, 19-December-2022.
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As a result of large, randomized trials and updates to clinical guidelines, antithrombotic therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has changed in recent years for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the real-world data of antithrombotic regimens at discharge and their evolving trends, as well as compare the effect of different therapies on the incidence of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemic events (MACCEs) and bleeding events in elderly patients. An analysis of 6298 stent implantation patients from 2016 to 2018 was carried out retrospectively. Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients ages 65 and older were divided into two groups according to the antithrombotic regimens prescribed at hospital discharge: dual antiplatelet aggregation treatment group (DAPT) and anticoagulant treatment and antiplatelet aggregation treatment group (ATT). Baseline characteristics, efficacy endpoints (MACCEs/cerebrovascular ischemic events) and safety endpoints (bleeding events) were analysed and compared between the different antithrombotic regiments. During 2016 to 2018, the use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) increased from 16.3% to 54.1% (p trend <0.01). Since the introduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), warfarin usage has decreased from 100% to 41.7%, and NOACs have rapidly replaced warfarin. The rate of persistent AF in the ATT group was significantly higher than the rate in the DAPT group (79.6% vs 59.7%, p = 0.01), and the ATT group used more proton pump inhibitors (PPI) than the DAPT group (23.3% vs 11.8%, p = 0.01). A significant decrease was observed in MACCEs (10.7% vs 26.0%, p < 0.01) and cerebrovascular ischemic events (2.9% vs 11.8%, p = 0.01) in the ATT group compared with the DAPT group. According to the ATT subgroup analysis, there was a significant difference in the incidence of overall bleeding between the triple anticoagulant therapy group and the dual anticoagulant therapy group (DT) (18.0% vs 2.4%, p = 0.02). MACCEs were predicted independently by ATT and CHA2 DS2 -VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category) scores, whereas bleeding was predicted independently by PPI use and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drugs/alcohol) scores. As a result of NOAC introduction and use, the combination of antithrombotic regimens at discharge for elderly patients with AF after PCI has changed rapidly over the past few years toward a higher use of ATTs, whereas patients with AF undergoing PCI still rarely receive an appropriate antithrombotic regimen. It is essential to conduct ATT in elderly patients who are undergoing PCI, and further DT may be more appropriate.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Hipertensão , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Varfarina/uso terapêutico , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Administração Oral , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contain hundreds of chemicals and human exposure to VOCs is pervasive. However, most studies have considered only a single chemical or a class of similar chemicals. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between urinary volatile organic compound metabolites (mVOCs) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. METHODS: The data in this study were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011-2018. Eligible patients were aged ≥20 years for whom complete data for 20 types of urinary mVOCs and CVD outcomes were available. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to elucidate the association between mVOCs and CVD. Generalized additive models were used to examine the nonlinear relationships between mVOCs and CVD. RESULTS: 6814 indiviuals were included in the final analysis, of whom 508 had CVD. Higher urinary concentrations of N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA) and N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-l-cysteine (CYMA) and a lower urinary concentration of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) were associated with CVD outcomes after the adjustment for potential confounding factors. A nonlinear relationship and a threshold effect were only observed between N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-l-cysteine (AMCC) and CVD among 20 types of mVOCs. There was a significantly positive correlation between AMCC and CVD when AMCC concentration was >2.32 g/mL. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggested a significant correlation between urinary VOC metabolites and CVD. Urinary mVOCs may indicate hazardous exposure or distinct metabolic traits in patients with CVD.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Humanos , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , AcetilcisteínaRESUMO
With the rapid development of computer technology, numerical simulation has gradually become an important method to study drying process and improve drying equipment. Using computer to simulate the drying process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is characterized by intuitiveness, scientificity, and low cost, which serves as an auxiliary means for technical innovation in TCM drying. This paper summarizes the theories of different drying methods and the research status of numerical simulation in drying, introduces the modeling methods and software of numerical simulation, and expounds the significance of numerical simulation modeling in shortening the research and development cycle, improving drying equipment, and optimizing drying parameters. However, the current numerical simulation method for drying process has problems, such as low accuracy, lack of quantitative indicators for the control of simulation results on the process, and insufficient in-depth research on the mechanism of drug quality changes. Furthermore, this paper put forward the application prospect of numerical simulation in TCM drying, providing reference for the further study of numerical simulation in this field.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , DessecaçãoRESUMO
Spray drying technology is one of the most commonly used unit operations in the production of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations, offering advantages such as short drying time and uniform product quality. However, due to the properties of TCM extracts, such as high viscosity, strong hygroscopicity, and poor flowability, there is limited scope to solve the problems of wall adhesion and clumping in spray drying from the macroscopic perspective of pharmaceutical production. Therefore, it has become a trend to study and optimize the spray drying process from the microscopic point of view by investigating single droplet evaporation behavior. Based on the reaction engineering approach(REA), the single droplet drying system, as a novel method for studying droplets, collects parameter data on individual TCM droplets during the drying process and uses the REA to process the data and establish predictive models. This approach is crucial for understanding the mechanism of TCM spray drying. This paper summarized and analyzed the cha-racteristics of various single droplet systems, the application of REA in single droplet drying systems, and its significance in optimizing the process, predicting drying states, and shortening the development cycle in the field of TCM spray drying, and looked ahead to the prospects of this method, including the introduction of new parameters and imaging techniques, aiming to provide a reference for further research in the field of TCM spray drying.
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Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Secagem por Atomização , Dessecação/métodos , Temperatura , TecnologiaRESUMO
In recent years, continuous manufacturing technology has attracted considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. This technology is highly sought after for its significant advantages in cost reduction, increased efficiency, and improved productivity, making it a growing trend in the future of the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to traditional batch production methods, continuous manufacturing technology features real-time control and environmentally friendly intelligence, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce drugs more efficiently. However, the adoption of continuous manufacturing technology has been slow in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceuticals. On the one hand, there is insufficient research on continuous manufacturing equipment and technology that align with the characteristics of TCM preparations. On the other hand, the scarcity of talent with diverse expertise hampers its development. Therefore, in order to promote the modernization and upgrading of the TCM pharmaceutical industry, this article combined the current development status of the TCM industry to outline the development status and regulatory requirements of continuous manufacturing technology. At the same time, it analyzed the problems with existing TCM manufacturing models and explored the prospects and challenges of applying continuous manufacturing technology in the field of TCM pharmaceuticals. The analysis focused on continuous manufacturing control strategies, technical tools, and pharmaceutical equipment, aiming to provide targeted recommendations to drive the development of the TCM pharmaceutical industry.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Controle de Qualidade , Indústria Farmacêutica , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodos , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Conventional unipolar catheter ablation (UA) is generally effective for the treatment of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OT-VAs). However, deep foci refractory to UA remains a clinical challenge. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of bipolar ablation (BA) in the treatment of OT-VAs refractory to UA. METHODS: A total of 1022 consecutive patients with antiarrhythmic drugs resistant OT-VAs were screened for inclusion in this study, from 1643 VAs cases who underwent catheter ablation in two centers from October 2014 to May 2019. BA was performed after failed sequential UA. The pair of catheters used for BA was positioned on opposing surfaces of the earliest activation (EA) sites or on adjacent anatomical structures. RESULTS: Twelve patients (seven males, mean age 33.3 ± 16.2 years) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited: one patient suffered sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), six patients had frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), and nonsustained VT (NSVT), and five patients had PVCs only. The 24-hPVC/NSVT burden was 36.9 ± 21.7%. The mean distance between two ablation catheters during BA was 11.1 ± 4.3 mm (range 6.5-23.9 mm). The "rS" morphology of the unipolar electrogram was recorded simultaneously in both EA regions in seven cases (58.3%). Acute eradication of VAs was obtained in 10 (83.3%) cases. At a median follow-up of 58 months, 10 patients (83.3%) remained free from VAs. CONCLUSION: BA was highly effective and safe for the treatment of OT-VAs refractory to UA.
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Ablação por Cateter , Taquicardia Ventricular , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros , Adolescente , Adulto , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Ventricular/etiologia , Taquicardia Ventricular/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/etiologia , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present study explored the drying effect of new spiral vibration drying technology on Chinese medicinal pills with Liuwei Dihuang Pills, Zhuanggu Guanjie Pills, and Muxiang Shunqi Pills as model drugs. With the drying uniformity, drying time, energy consumption, pill split, dissolution time, and change of index components as evaluation indicators, the drying effect of spiral vibration drying technology on model drugs was evaluated and compared with traditional drying methods, such as hot air drying and vacuum drying in the oven. The dynamic changes of moisture in Liuwei Dihuang Pills with different drying time were investigated. Compared with the traditional drying methods in the oven(hot air drying and vacuum drying) at 80 â, the spiral vibration drying only took 80 min, shortened by 80%, with 10%-13% energy consumed. The results showed that the moisture of Liuwei Dihuang Pills was negatively related to the drying time. By virtue of multi-layer countercurrent drying and super resonant fluidization techniques, the new spiral vibration drying technology can significantly improve the drying quality of Chinese medicinal pills, improve the drying efficiency, and enhance the manufacturing capacity of Chinese medicinal pills. This study is expected to provide references for the innovation and development of new drying technology of Chinese medicinal pills.
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Dessecação , Vibração , China , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , TecnologiaRESUMO
Due to the characteristics of confusing varieties of Chinese medicinal materials, different sources, complex chemical composition, non-standard preparation process, and non-standard pharmaceutical equipment, the quality of Chinese medicinal preparations is difficult to be controlled and evaluated effectively under the current quality control mode and method of Chinese medicinal preparation. The present study proposed an engineering quality view of Chinese medicine pharmacy and a strategy to control the quality of Chinese medicinal preparations based on the current situation. The "overall, dialectical, and dynamic" multi-factor engineering quality view, covering original medicinal materials, preparation technologies, pharmaceutical equipment, and Chinese medicinal preparations, ensures the traceable process, measurable procedures, and feedback quality. The quality control mode of Chinese medicinal preparation with controllable sources, standardized preparation technologies, green pharmaceutical equipment, and intelligent manufacturing is built up.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Farmácia , Comércio , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Drying is one of the most common unit operations in the production of traditional Chinese medicine. The drying process of traditional Chinese medicine materials is accompanied by the dynamic reduction of water content. As a key index to determine the end of the drying process, the moisture content of materials plays an important role in improving drying efficiency and saving energy. Recently, the drying process of traditional Chinese medicine is mostly monitored by offline detection, and there are few reports of online moisture detection applications. In this paper, the principle and current application of online inspection technology for the material drying process in different fields were introduced. The significance of online detection technology in drying of traditional Chinese medicine was also analyzed. Meanwhile, the application prospect of online detection technology in the field of drying of traditional Chinese medicine was predicted. In response to urgent transformation and upgrading of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing industry, the application of online moisture detection technology is expected to be a key breakthrough in the intelligent upgrading of traditional Chinese medicine drying technology and equipment.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Dessecação , Controle de Qualidade , Tecnologia FarmacêuticaRESUMO
Dry granulation technology is a great innovation in granulation technology,which saves many intermediate links and reduces many intermediate costs. It is closely related to the characteristics of materials,dry granulation equipment and process. Dry granulation technology is a systematic engineering science covering many technical fields. The process of dry granulation involves complex mathematical model mechanisms of temperature field,pressure field and velocity field,closely related to the characteristics of materials and drying equipment. However,due to the late start of research on dry granulation technology of traditional Chinese medicine,basic research is still weak. The research on dry granulation technology has achieved great results in the fields of food,chemical industry,agriculture and forestry,showing great reference significance. The advantage of dry granulation of traditional Chinese medicine is that it can be directly granulated by adding an appropriate amount of auxiliary materials in the extract powder of traditional Chinese medicine,without the need of wetting,mixing,drying and other processes. The process is simple and can effectively guarantee the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The granules obtained by the dry granulation technique are important intermediates for preparing the solid preparations of traditional Chinese medicines,which would directly affect the subsequent molding process and the quality of the preparation products. Therefore,based on the characteristics of dry granulation method in traditional Chinese medicine and by referring to the advanced research results of dry granulation technology in other fields,we would discuss the research ideas of dry granulation in traditional Chinese medicine in terms of the mechanism of dry granulation equipment,technology,on-line detection technology and mathematical model of dry granulation process,hoping to provide reference for the research of dry granulation method in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Dessecação , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Tecnologia Farmacêutica , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Modelos Teóricos , Pós , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
The effects of innovative infrared-steam blanching (ISB) on the peroxidase (POD) inactivation, POD inactivation kinetics, characteristic component (phenolics, carotenoids and flavonoids) content, colour and regeneration of POD activity during storage of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers were comparatively studied following steam blanching (SB) and infrared blanching (IB). ISB and SB allowed a stable surface temperature of the flowers at approximately 100 °C, and IB caused the temperature rose up to a high value of 129.2 °C. POD was inactivated to 5.7% of its residual activity after ISB for 90 s, 5.8% after SB for 180 s and 5.3% after IB for 270 s. In all processes, the POD inactivation kinetics followed a first-order model (R 2 varied from 0.932 to 0.957) and ISB achieved lower T 1/2, E a and D values and a higher k value than SB and IB. The sample blanched with ISB maintained more characteristic components and colour retention than those blanched with SB and IB. Moreover, ISB allowed the brightest colour and prevented the regeneration of POD activity in dried C. indicum flowers during storage. Therefore, ISB for 90 s at 100 °C is recommended as a more suitable method for blanching C. indicum flowers. The findings in the current work provide a new blanching method for natural plant products.