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1.
EMBO J ; 42(8): e110597, 2023 04 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36912165

RESUMO

The immunoproteasome is a specialized type of proteasome involved in MHC class I antigen presentation, antiviral adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, and is also part of a broader response to stress. Whether the immunoproteasome is regulated by DNA stress, however, is not known. We here demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA stress upregulates the immunoproteasome and MHC class I antigen presentation pathway via cGAS/STING/type I interferon signaling resulting in cell autonomous activation of CD8+ T cells. The cGAS/STING-induced adaptive immune response is also observed in response to genomic DNA and is conserved in epithelial and mesenchymal cells of mice and men. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic activation of the cGAS/STING-induced adaptive immune response in aberrant lung epithelial cells concurs with CD8+ T-cell activation in diseased lungs. Genetic depletion of the immunoproteasome and specific immunoproteasome inhibitors counteract DNA stress induced cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell activation. Our data thus unravel cytoplasmic DNA sensing via the cGAS/STING pathway as an activator of the immunoproteasome and CD8+ T cells. This represents a novel potential pathomechanism for pulmonary fibrosis that opens new therapeutic perspectives.


Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , DNA Mitocondrial , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Imunidade Inata , Nucleotidiltransferases/genética , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo
2.
Nat Methods ; 21(1): 92-101, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37749214

RESUMO

Natural proteins are composed of 20 proteinogenic amino acids and their post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, due to the lack of a suitable nanopore sensor that can simultaneously discriminate between all 20 amino acids and their PTMs, direct sequencing of protein with nanopores has not yet been realized. Here, we present an engineered hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore containing a sole Ni2+ modification. It enables full discrimination of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids and 4 representative modified amino acids, Nω,N'ω-dimethyl-arginine (Me-R), O-acetyl-threonine (Ac-T), N4-(ß-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-asparagine (GlcNAc-N) and O-phosphoserine (P-S). Assisted by machine learning, an accuracy of 98.6% was achieved. Amino acid supplement tablets and peptidase-digested amino acids from peptides were also analyzed using this strategy. This capacity for simultaneous discrimination of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids and their PTMs suggests the potential to achieve protein sequencing using this nanopore-based strategy.


Assuntos
Nanoporos , Aminoácidos/química , Proteínas/metabolismo , Porinas/química , Porinas/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química
3.
Circ Res ; 135(8): 806-821, 2024 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39229723

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiac hypertrophy and its associated remodeling are among the leading causes of heart failure. Lysine crotonylation is a recently discovered posttranslational modification whose role in cardiac hypertrophy remains largely unknown. NAE1 (NEDD8 [neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8]-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit) is mainly involved in the neddylation modification of protein targets. However, the function of crotonylated NAE1 has not been defined. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of NAE1 crotonylation on cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS: Crotonylation levels were detected in both human and mouse subjects with cardiac hypertrophy through immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative lysine crotonylome analysis was performed to identify the crotonylated proteins in a mouse cardiac hypertrophic model induced by transverse aortic constriction. We generated NAE1 knock-in mice carrying a crotonylation-defective K238R (lysine to arginine mutation at site 238) mutation (NAE1 K238R) and NAE1 knock-in mice expressing a crotonylation-mimicking K238Q (lysine to glutamine mutation at site 238) mutation (NAE1 K238Q) to assess the functional role of crotonylation of NAE1 at K238 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, we combined coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and dot blot analysis that was followed by multiple molecular biological methodologies to identify the target GSN (gelsolin) and corresponding molecular events contributing to the function of NAE1 K238 (lysine residue at site 238) crotonylation. RESULTS: The crotonylation level of NAE1 was increased in mice and patients with cardiac hypertrophy. Quantitative crotonylomics analysis revealed that K238 was the main crotonylation site of NAE1. Loss of K238 crotonylation in NAE1 K238R knock-in mice attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and restored the heart function, while hypercrotonylation mimic in NAE1 K238Q knock-in mice significantly enhanced transverse aortic constriction-induced pathological hypertrophic response, leading to impaired cardiac structure and function. The recombinant adenoviral vector carrying NAE1 K238R mutant attenuated, while the K238Q mutant aggravated Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertrophy. Mechanistically, we identified GSN as a direct target of NAE1. K238 crotonylation of NAE1 promoted GSN neddylation and, thus, enhanced its protein stability and expression. NAE1 crotonylation-dependent increase of GSN promoted actin-severing activity, which resulted in adverse cytoskeletal remodeling and progression of pathological hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide new insights into the previously unrecognized role of crotonylation on nonhistone proteins during cardiac hypertrophy. We found that K238 crotonylation of NAE1 plays an essential role in mediating cardiac hypertrophy through GSN neddylation, which provides potential novel therapeutic targets for pathological hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling.


Assuntos
Cardiomegalia , Animais , Humanos , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/patologia , Cardiomegalia/genética , Camundongos , Masculino , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Enzimas Ativadoras de Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Enzimas Ativadoras de Ubiquitina/genética , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteína NEDD8/metabolismo , Proteína NEDD8/genética , Células HEK293
4.
Brain ; 147(5): 1622-1635, 2024 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301270

RESUMO

Cholesterol homeostasis is impaired in Alzheimer's disease; however, attempts to modulate brain cholesterol biology have not translated into tangible clinical benefits for patients to date. Several recent milestone developments have substantially improved our understanding of how excess neuronal cholesterol contributes to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, neuronal cholesterol was linked to the formation of amyloid-ß and neurofibrillary tangles through molecular pathways that were recently delineated in mechanistic studies. Furthermore, remarkable advances in translational molecular imaging have now made it possible to probe cholesterol metabolism in the living human brain with PET, which is an important prerequisite for future clinical trials that target the brain cholesterol machinery in Alzheimer's disease patients-with the ultimate aim being to develop disease-modifying treatments. This work summarizes current concepts of how the biosynthesis, transport and clearance of brain cholesterol are affected in Alzheimer's disease. Further, current strategies to reverse these alterations by pharmacotherapy are critically discussed in the wake of emerging translational research tools that support the assessment of brain cholesterol biology not only in animal models but also in patients with Alzheimer's disease.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Encéfalo , Colesterol , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Colesterol/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Animais , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos/métodos
5.
Small ; 20(29): e2400477, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38402438

RESUMO

Utilizing the ionic flux to generate voltage output has been confirmed as an effective way to meet the requirements of clean energy sources. Different from ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) and hydrovoltaic devices, a new hydrothermal chemical generator is designed by amorphous FeCl3 particles dispersing in MWCNT and unique ferric chloride or water gate. In the presence of gate, the special ion behaviors enable the cell to present a constant voltage of 0.60 V lasting for over 96 h without temperature difference. Combining the differences of cation concentration, humidity and temperature between the right and left side of sample, the maximum short-circuit current and power output can be obtained to 168.46 µA and 28.11 µW, respectively. The generator also can utilize the low-grade heat to produce electricity wherein Seebeck coefficient is 6.79 mV K-1. The emerged hydrothermal chemical generator offers a novel approach to utilize the low-grade heat, water and salt solution resources, which provides a simple, sustainable and low-cost strategy to realize energy supply.

6.
Brief Bioinform ; 23(3)2022 05 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35368061

RESUMO

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a pivotal nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in regulating many biological activities. Recently, one study utilized a machine learning algorithm to automatically classify RNA structural events generated by a Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A nanopore trap. Although it can achieve desirable classification results, compared with deep learning (DL) methods, this classic machine learning requires domain knowledge to manually extract features, which is sophisticated, labor-intensive and time-consuming. Meanwhile, the generated original RNA structural events are not strictly equal in length, which is incompatible with the input requirements of DL models. To alleviate this issue, we propose a sequence-to-sequence (S2S) module that transforms the unequal length sequence (UELS) to the equal length sequence. Furthermore, to automatically extract features from the RNA structural events, we propose a sequence-to-sequence neural network based on DL. In addition, we add an attention mechanism to capture vital information for classification, such as dwell time and blockage amplitude. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the experimental results have achieved about a 2% performance increase (accuracy) compared to the previous method. The proposed method can also be applied to other nanopore platforms, such as the famous Oxford nanopore. It is worth noting that the proposed method is not only aimed at pursuing state-of-the-art performance but also provides an overall idea to process nanopore data with UELS.


Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Nanoporos , Peso Molecular , Extratos Vegetais , RNA/química
7.
J Org Chem ; 2024 Sep 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39300744

RESUMO

Transition metal-catalyzed C-H annulation reactions have been extensively utilized for the synthesis of cinnolines, especially the N-protected ones; however, none of them can yield cinnolin-4(1H)-ones, a significant class of bioactive skeletons. Herein, we disclose one-pot access to cinnolin-4(1H)-ones through Rh(III)- or Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of N-aryl cyclic hydrazides with vinylene carbonate, followed by an O2/K2CO3-promoted aerobic oxidation/deprotection cascade. The π-conjugation of the directing groups plays a crucial role in facilitating this transformation. Notably, seven-membered enolic Rh species IMC is characterized via electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy for the first time, which, along with systematic control experiments, provides compelling evidence for the mechanistic pathway encompassing alkenyl insertion, ß-oxygen elimination, protonation, and dehydration.

8.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord ; 38(3): 292-294, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39107927

RESUMO

Urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) is regarded as a biomarker for ß-amyloid protein deposition in Alzheimer disease (AD). The value of AD7c-NTP in predicting post-stroke cognitive recovery was worth exploring. In total, 224 patients with first-ever stroke were enrolled in this retrospective study. Cognitive assessment was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and cognitive improvement was defined as MMSE scores ≥27 or 4-score elevation at 3-month follow-up after stroke. The AD7c-NTP level was 0.68±0.40 ng/mL in the 135 patients with cognitive improvement, while the AD7c-NTP level was 1.49±0.99 ng/mL in the 89 patients without improvement ( P <0.001). Those displaying better cognitive recovery also had younger ages, higher MMSE scores, and lower NIHSS scores on admission. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, AD7c-NTP concentration (OR=9.14, 95% CI: 4.52-18.49, P <0.001), age (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08, P =0.012), and NIHSS score on admission (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.28, P <0.001) remained the independent risk factors affecting cognitive recovery. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for AD7c-NTP in predicting unfavorable cognitive function was 0.80 (sensitivity: 0.73 and specificity: 0.84). Urinary AD7c-NTP is a valuable biomarker associated with post-stroke cognitive recovery. It might be adopted to discriminate coexisting AD pathology from vascular cognitive impairment.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , AVC Isquêmico , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Biomarcadores/urina , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/urina , Cognição/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência
9.
BMC Urol ; 24(1): 204, 2024 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39289702

RESUMO

Glomus tumor (GT) is a neoplastic lesion of mesenchymal origin arising from the neuromyoarterial canal or glomus body. Although most GT occur in the peripheral soft tissue and extremities, these tumors can grow anywhere in the body. Here, we describe an uncommon case of GT involving the prostate.


Assuntos
Tumor Glômico , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Tumor Glômico/patologia , Tumor Glômico/cirurgia , Tumor Glômico/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
10.
Ren Fail ; 46(1): 2347461, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38700058

RESUMO

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) coexisted with cirrhosis, ascites, and primary liver cancer represents an extraordinarily rare clinical condition that typically occurs in very late-stage decompensated cirrhosis and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. We present a case of a 68-year-old male patient with ESRD who experienced various decompensated complications of liver cirrhosis, particularly massive ascites and hepatic space-occupying lesions. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment were successfully performed. During meticulous follow-up, the patient survived for one year but ultimately succumbed to complications related to liver cancer. PD can serve as an efficacious therapeutic approach for such late-stage patients afflicted together with severe cirrhosis, massive ascites and primary liver cancer.


Assuntos
Ascite , Falência Renal Crônica , Cirrose Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Ascite/etiologia , Ascite/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Evolução Fatal , Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/efeitos adversos , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos
11.
J Environ Manage ; 366: 121842, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39003896

RESUMO

Although it is a key measure to control energy consumption and promote the improvement of industrial structure, energy market allocation reform has rarely been concerned with its impact on employment, an important livelihood issue. To fill this gap, this paper takes the Energy-Consumption Rights Trading System (ECRTS) enacted by China in 2016 as a research background and adopts the difference-in-difference approach to explore the effects and mechanisms of the ECRTS on enterprise labor demand. The results show that the ECRTS significantly reduces firms' labor demand, particularly for low-skilled workers, through both production scale effects and technological upgrading effects. Specifically, the ECRTS has led to a decrease in sales revenues and an increase in labor productivity, thereby reducing firms' labor demand. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the ECRTS has a greater impact on employment in firms with lower energy-consumption intensity, domestic capital injections, weaker innovation capacity, and lower market power. The paper also explores the welfare consequences of the policy, finding that while the ECRTS does not improve the environmental performance of firms it does not pass on the compliance costs of regulations to incumbent workers. The overall impact is neutral. This paper extends the study of the economic consequences of the ECRTS and has implications for other developing countries in reconciling energy regulation and employment.


Assuntos
Emprego , China , Humanos , Indústrias , Comércio
12.
J Environ Sci (China) ; 139: 93-104, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38105081

RESUMO

Waste resource utilization of petroleum coke is crucial for achieving global carbon emission reduction. Herein, a series of N-doped microporous carbons were fabricated from petroleum coke using a one-pot synthesis method. The as-prepared samples had a large specific surface area (up to 2512 m2/g), a moderate-high N content (up to 4.82 at.%), and high population (55%) of ultra-micropores (<0.7 nm). Regulating the N content and ultra-microporosity led to efficient CO2 adsorption and separation. At ambient pressure, the optimal N-doped petroleum coke-based microporous carbon exhibited the highest CO2 uptake of 4.25 mmol/g at 25°C and 6.57 mmol/g at 0°C. These values are comparable or even better than those of numerous previously reported adsorbents prepared by multistep synthesis, primarily due to the existence of ultra-micropores. The sample exhibited excellent CO2/N2 selectivity at 25°C owing to the abundant basic pyridinic and pyrrolic N species; and showed superior CO2 adsorption-desorption cycling performance, which was maintained at 97% after 10 cycles at 25°C. Moreover, petroleum coke-based microporous carbon, with a considerably high specific surface area and hierarchical pore structure, exhibited excellent electrochemical performance over the N-doped sample, maintaining a favorable specific capacitance of 233.25 F/g at 0.5 A/g in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolyte. This study provides insight into the influence of N-doping on the porous properties of petroleum coke-based carbon. Furthermore, the as-prepared carbons were found to be promising adsorbents for CO2 adsorption, CO2/N2 separation and electrochemical application.


Assuntos
Carbono , Coque , Carbono/química , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Adsorção , Porosidade
13.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 63(8): e202316766, 2024 02 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38116834

RESUMO

Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide subunits joined by a glycosidic linkage in an α or ß configuration. Different combinations of isomeric monosaccharide subunits and different glycosidic linkages result in different isomeric disaccharide products. Thus, direct discrimination of these disaccharide isomers from a mixture is extremely difficult. In this paper, a hetero-octameric Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA) nanopore conjugated with a phenylboronic acid (PBA) adapter was applied for disaccharide sensing, with which three most widely known disaccharides in nature, including sucrose, lactose and maltose, were clearly discriminated. Besides, all six isomeric α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructoses, differing only in their glycosidic linkages, were also well resolved. Assisted by a custom machine learning algorithm, a 0.99 discrimination accuracy is achieved. Nanopore discrimination of disaccharide isomers with different glycosidic linkages, which has never been previously demonstrated, is inspiring for nanopore saccharide sequencing. This sensing capacity was also applied in direct identification of isomaltulose additives in a commercial sucrose-free yogurt, from which isomaltulose, lactose and L-lactic acid were simultaneously detected.


Assuntos
Dissacarídeos , Nanoporos , Glicosídeos , Mycobacterium smegmatis , Lactose , Porinas , Monossacarídeos
14.
Diabetologia ; 66(6): 1084-1096, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36920524

RESUMO

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation and m6A-related proteins (methyltransferase-like 3 [METTL3], methyltransferase-like 14 [METTL14] and YTH domain containing 1 [YTHDC1]) have been shown to regulate islet beta cell function and the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, whether Wilms' tumour 1-associating protein (WTAP), a key regulator of the m6A RNA methyltransferase complex, regulates islet beta cell failure during pathogenesis of diabetes is largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of WTAP in the regulation of islet beta cell failure and diabetes. METHODS: Islet beta cell-specific Wtap-knockout and beta cell-specific Mettl3-overexpressing mice were generated for this study. Blood glucose, glucose tolerance, serum insulin, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (both in vivo and in vitro), insulin levels, glucagon levels and beta cell apoptosis were examined. RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq were performed, and the data were well analysed. RESULTS: WTAP was downregulated in islet beta cells in type 2 diabetes, due to lipotoxicity and chronic inflammation, and islet beta cell-specific deletion of Wtap (Wtap-betaKO) induced beta cell failure and diabetes. Wtap-betaKO mice showed severe hyperglycaemia (above 20 mmol/l [360 mg/dl]) from 8 weeks of age onwards. Mechanistically, WTAP deficiency decreased m6A mRNA modification and reduced the expression of islet beta cell-specific transcription factors and insulin secretion-related genes by reducing METTL3 protein levels. Islet beta cell-specific overexpression of Mettl3 partially reversed the abnormalities observed in Wtap-betaKO mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: WTAP plays a key role in maintaining beta cell function by regulating m6A mRNA modification depending on METTL3, and the downregulation of WTAP leads to beta cell failure and diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY: The RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq datasets generated during the current study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus database repository ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE215156 ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE215360 ).


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insulinas , Camundongos , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Metiltransferases/genética , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Glucose , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
15.
BMC Med ; 21(1): 192, 2023 05 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37226271

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Both low-carbohydrate (LC) and calorie-restricted (CR) diets have been shown to have metabolic benefits. However, the two regimens have yet to be thoroughly compared. We conducted a 12-week randomized trial to compare the effects of these diets separately and in combination on both weight loss and metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese individuals. METHODS: A total of 302 participants were randomized to LC diet (n = 76), CR diet (n = 75), LC + CR diet (n = 76), or normal control (NC) diet (n = 75) using a computer-based random number generator. The primary outcome was the change in body mass index (BMI). The secondary outcomes included body weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat, and metabolic risk factors. All participants attended health education sessions during the trial. RESULTS: A total of 298 participants were analyzed. BMI change over 12 weeks was - 0.6 (95% CI, - 0.8 to - 0.3) kg/m2 in NC, - 1.3 (95% CI, - 1.5 to - 1.1) kg/m2 in CR, - 2.3 (95% CI, - 2.6 to - 2.1) kg/m2 in LC, and - 2.9 (95% CI, - 3.2 to - 2.6) kg/m2 in LC + CR. LC + CR diet was more effective than LC or CR diet alone at reducing BMI (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the CR diet, the LC + CR diet and LC diet further reduced body weight, waist circumference, and body fat. Serum triglycerides were significantly reduced in the LC + CR diet group compared with the LC or CR diet alone. Plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and cholesterol concentrations (total, LDL, and HDL) did not change significantly between the groups during the 12-week intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of carbohydrate intake without restricting caloric intake is more potent to achieve weight loss over 12 weeks when compared to a calorie-restricted diet in overweight/obese adults. The combination of restricting carbohydrate and total calorie intake may augment the beneficial effects of reducing BMI, body weight, and metabolic risk factors among overweight/obese individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was approved by the institutional review board of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University and registered at the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (registration number: ChiCTR1800015156).


Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta , Sobrepeso , Adulto , Humanos , Restrição Calórica , Obesidade , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos
16.
Small ; 19(40): e2300584, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37267941

RESUMO

Electrical stimulation (ES) is a safe and effective procedure in clinical rehabilitation with few adverse effects. However, studies on ES for atherosclerosis (AS) are scarce because ES does not provide a long-term intervention for chronic disease processes. Battery-free implants and surgically mounted them in the abdominal aorta of high-fat-fed Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/- ) mice are used, which are electrically stimulated for four weeks using a wireless ES device to observe changes in atherosclerotic plaques. Results showed that there is almost no growth of atherosclerotic plaque at the stimulated site in AopE-/- mice after ES. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of Thp-1 macrophages reveal that the transcriptional activity of autophagy-related genes increase substantially after ES. Additionally, ES reduces lipid accumulation in macrophages by restoring ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that ES reduced lipid accumulation through Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/Autophagy related 5 (Atg5) pathway-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, ES reverse autophagic dysfunction in macrophages of AopE-/- mouse plaques by restoring Sirt1, blunting P62 accumulation, and inhibiting the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, resulting in the alleviation of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Here, a novel approach is shown in which ES can be used as a promising therapeutic strategy for AS treatment through Sirt1/Atg5 pathway-mediated autophagy.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Placa Aterosclerótica , Camundongos , Animais , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamento farmacológico , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Sirtuína 1/genética , Sirtuína 1/uso terapêutico , Colesterol , Aterosclerose/terapia , Autofagia
17.
Opt Express ; 31(17): 28229-28240, 2023 Aug 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37710882

RESUMO

For a tightly focusing imaging system, the aberration of the lens will result in a distorted focusing spot and undermine the system performance. In this paper, the expression of the tightly focused light field of Laguerre-Gaussian vector vortex beam (LGVVB) is deduced. Then the intensity distribution, focal shift and spot size that influenced by spherical aberration are calculated in detail. Since the vector vortex beams have multiple degrees of freedom to control the form of the intensity distribution on the focal plane, the effects of aberration on the focal spot are analyzed when some key parameters are changed. The results show the Pancharatnam topological charge is the most influential parameter to change the light distribution on the focal plane. According to the change rule, a scheme is proposed to minimize the effect of aberration by jointly adjusting the parameters of the LGVVB.

18.
Semin Dial ; 2023 Dec 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38053444

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Early catheter failure is the main reason for peritoneal dialysis (PD) failure, which often causes patients to withdraw from PD. Reducing the early catheter failure is critical to increase the acceptance of PD. The purpose of our study was to establish a risk stratification model to minimize early catheter failure. METHODS: A retrospective study with patients underwent PD catheter placement from January 2013 to March 2022 was conducted. The primary outcome event was early catheter failure. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to select potential risk predictors. A risk stratification model and a clinical procedure were established. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated by external validation. RESULTS: A total of 432 patients were finally enrolled in the study. The risk for early catheter failure was associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.930; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.884 to 0.972; p = 0.002), lower body mass index (BMI) (OR, 0.797; 95% CI, 0.629 to 0.964; p = 0.036), and lower albumin (ALB) levels (OR, 0.881; 95% CI, 0.782 to 0.985; p = 0.036). The risk stratification model was established and performed great discrimination capability with AUC of 0.832 (cut-off value: 0.061, sensitivity: 0.853, specificity: 0.812). The model proved to be effective in external validation; the rate of early catheter failure was dropped off from 4.1% to 0%. CONCLUSIONS: We established an effective risk stratification model, by which patients with high risk of early catheter failure could be precisely identified. The clinical procedure based on the model was proved to be helpful to minimize early catheter failure.

19.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci ; 381(2259): 20220333, 2023 Oct 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37691465

RESUMO

The presence of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water poses a major health and environmental challenge. Here, we have performed high-energy small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements on CF3[CF2]nCOOH (where n = 1, 2, 3 represents the chain length) and their aqueous solutions at 10% mole concentrations to characterize their molecular interactions at the atomic and nanometer length scales. The experimental wide-angle structure factors have been modelled using Empirical Potential Structural Refinement. The oxygen-oxygen partial X-ray pair distribution functions show that the coordination number between the hydroxyl oxygen on the acid and surrounding oxygen water molecules increases significantly with acid chain length, rising from 3.2 for n = 1 to 4.1 for n = 3. The small-angle scattering is dominated by a sharp, high-intensity peak at Q1 ∼ 0.2 Å-1 and a smaller peak at Q2 = 1.2 Å-1 for n = 3, both of which decrease with decreasing chain length. The Q2 peak is attributed to groups of adjacent non-bonded acid molecules, and Q1 has contributions from both correlations between acid molecules and water-water interactions. In all cases, the models show nanoscale aggregation occurs in the form of denser channels of winding hydrogen-bonded chains, approximately 20 water molecules in length, surrounding clusters of acid molecules. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.

20.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord ; 23(1): 602, 2023 12 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38066423

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a major public health burden; its pathogenesis involves atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) are vasoactive substances synthesized by endothelial cells that play a crucial role in CCS development. The Gensini score (GS) is used for evaluating CCS severity based on lumen segment changes, stenosis degree, and coronary stenosis site. METHODS: This prospective study included 71 patients with CCS; we evaluated the relationships between GS and ET-1 and NO serum levels were evaluated in these patients. The GS was calculated for all patients. Serum ET-1 & NO levels among other laboratory parameters were measured. RESULTS: The high GS group had higher ET-1 and relatively NO expressions in the than the low GS group. GS was positively correlated with ET-1 and negatively correlated with NO, T4, and TSH levels. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that ET-1 had the most significant effect on GS. CONCLUSIONS: We found a strong association between ET-1, NO, and CCS severity. A combination of ET-1, NO, and GS is an essential predictor of CCS disease severity.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Endotelina-1 , Humanos , Angiografia Coronária , Óxido Nítrico , Estudos Prospectivos , Células Endoteliais , Síndrome , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
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