Electrochemical selenium-catalyzed para-amination of N-aryloxyamides: access to polysubstituted aminophenols.

Aminophenols are a class of important compounds with various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antibacterial activities. Herein, we introduce a mild and efficient electrochemical selenium-catalyzed strategy to synthesize polysubstituted aminophenols. High atom efficiency and transition metal-free and oxidant-free conditions are the striking features of this protocol. By merging electrochemical and organoselenium-catalyzed processes, the intramolecular rearrangement of N-aryloxyamides produces para-amination products at room temperature in a simple undivided cell.

Suppression of lncRNA HOTAIR alleviates RCC angiogenesis through regulating miR-126/EGFL7 axis.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest mortality rate among urological cancers and tumor angiogenesis that plays a critical role in RCC progress. Epidermal growth factor-like domain multiple 7 (EGFL7) has been recently identified as a regulator in RCC tumor angiogenesis and progression. Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) HOTAIR has been considered as a pro-oncogene in multiple cancers, but its precise mechanism of tumor angiogenesis has rarely been reported. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) functions as a tumor suppressor in RCC. However, the underlying tumor angiogenesis mechanism of HOTAIR/miR-126 axis in RCC has not been studied. The proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and expression of EGFL7 and related proteins in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal pathway were determined to examine the effect and mechanism of HOTAIR and miR-126 on RCC progress. The regulatory relationship of HOTAIR and miR-126, as well as miR-126 and EGFL7 were tested using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Aenograft RCC mice model was used to examine the effect of HOTAIR on RCC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. HOTAIR knockdown and miR-126 overexpression suppressed the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of RCC cells. HOTAIR regulated EGFL7 expression by competitively binding to miR-126. Knockdown of HOTAIR significantly suppressed the RCC tumor progression and lung metastasis in vivo. These findings suggest that lncRNA HOTAIR regulate RCC angiogenesis through miR-126/EGFL7 axis and provide a new perspective on the molecular pathways of angiogenesis in RCC development, which might be potential therapeutic targets for RCC treatment.

Androgen receptor suppresses prostate cancer cell invasion via altering the miR-4496/ß-catenin signals.

Previous study found that AR in prostate may act as both a proliferator and a suppressor to promote or suppress the metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). In current work, we demonstrated that AR could suppress PCa cell invasion through altering the miR-4496/ß-catenin signals. And mechanisms dissection found that AR could negatively regulate the expression of ß-catenin through enhancing the miR-4496 expression via directly binding to the AR-response-elements (AREs) of miR-4496 promoter, subsequently, the miRNA could directly target the 3' UTR of the ß-catenin-mRNA to reduce its expression. To conclude, our work suggests that AR might play an important role to suppress PCa cell invasion, targeting the newly identified AR/miR-4496/ß-catenin signaling with small molecules may help us to build up new therapeutic approaches to better suppress the metastasis of PCa.

Effects of liraglutide on left ventricular function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that exenatide protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves cardiac function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The effects of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on STEMI patients remain unclear. We planned to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on left ventricular function after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI. METHODS: A total of 92 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either liraglutide or placebo for 7 days. Study treatment was commenced 30 minutes before intervention (1.8 mg) and maintained for 7 days after the procedure (0.6 mg for 2 days, 1.2 mg for 2 days, followed by 1.8 mg for 3 days). Eighty-five patients completed the trial. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function. RESULTS: At 3 months, the primary end point, a difference in change of left ventricular ejection fraction between the two groups was +4.1% (95% CI +1.1% to +6.9%) (P < .001). There was a tendency for a lower rate of no-reflow in liraglutide group that did not reach statistical significance (7% vs control group 15%, P = .20). Liraglutide could significantly improve stress hyperglycemia (P < .05). In addition, liraglutide elicited favorable changes in markers of inflammation and endothelial function. CONCLUSION: A short 7-day course of liraglutide in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with mild improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction at 3 months.

GLP-1RAs inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to regulate mouse renal podocyte pyroptosis.

OBJECTIVE: Podocytes are closely related to renal function as an important part of the glomerulus. The reduction and damage of podocytes lead to further decline of renal function and aggravate the progression of DKD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAS) have recently attracted great attention in improving podocyte dysfunction, but the specific mechanism remains uncertain. METHODS: We used mouse kidney podocyte MPC5 to construct a high-glucose injury model. Cell viability was detected by the MTT method; RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to detect the expressions of NF-κB p65, NLRP3, GSDMD, N-GSDMD, caspase-1 and cleaved-caspase-1, and we used ELISA to detect the expressions of inflammatory factors IL-1ß and IL-18. RESULTS: Our results showed that high glucose decreased podocyte survival, while liraglutide and semaglutide increased podocyte survival under high glucose. Liraglutide and semaglutide can inhibit the expression of pyroptosis-related genes and proteins and also inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1ß, IL-18 increase. CONCLUSION: The protective effect of liraglutide and semaglutide on podocytes may be achieved by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and inhibiting pyroptosis, and there were no significant differences between the two GLP-1RAs (liraglutide and semaglutide) in inhibiting podocyte pyroptosis.

Clinical application of reserved gastric tube in neuroendoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary tumor.

BACKGROUND: The neuroendoscopic approach has the advantages of a clear operative field, convenient tumor removal, and less damage, and is the development direction of modern neurosurgery. At present, transnasal surgery for sphenoidal pituitary tumor is widely used. But it has been found in clinical practice that some patients with this type of surgery may experience post-operative nausea and vomiting and other discomforts. AIM: To explore the effect of reserved gastric tube application in the neuroendoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors. METHODS: A total of 60 patients who underwent pituitary adenoma resection via the endoscopic endonasal approach were selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, with 30 in each group. Experimental group: After anesthesia, a gastric tube was placed through the mouth under direct vision using a visual laryngoscope, and the fluid accumulated in the oropharynx was suctioned intermittently with low negative pressure throughout the whole process after nasal disinfection, during the operation, and when the patient recovered from anesthesia. Control group: Given the routine intraoperative care, no gastric tube was left. The number of cases of nausea/vomiting/aspiration within 24 h post-operation was counted and compared between the two groups; the scores of pharyngalgia after waking up, 6 h post-operation, and 24 h post-operation. The frequency of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection were compared. The hospitalization days of the two groups were statistically compared. RESULTS: The times of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group, and the difference in the incidence of nausea was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After the patient woke up, the scores of sore throat 6 h after the operation and 24 h after operation were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The number of cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection was higher than that of the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference from the control group (P > 0.05). The hospitalization days of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Reserving a gastric tube in the endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors, combined with intraoperative and postoperative gastrointestinal decompression, can effectively reduce the incidence of nausea, reduce the number of vomiting and aspiration in patients, and reduce the complications of sore throat The incidence rate shortened the hospitalization days of the patients.

Apical papilla stem cell-derived exosomes regulate lipid metabolism and alleviate inflammation in the MCD-induced mouse NASH model.

Stem cells from the apical papilla(SCAPs) exhibit remarkable tissue repair capabilities, demonstrate anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects, positioning them as promising assets in the realm of regenerative medicine. Recently, the focus has shifted towards exosomes derived from stem cells, perceived as safer alternatives while retaining comparable physiological functions. This study delves into the therapeutic implications of exosomes derived from SCAPs in the methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced mice non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. We extracted exosomes from SCAPs. During the last two weeks of the MCD diet, mice were intravenously administered SCAPs-derived exosomes at two distinct concentrations (50 µg/mouse and 100 µg/mouse) biweekly. Thorough examinations of physiological and biochemical indicators were performed to meticulously evaluate the impact of exosomes derived from SCAPs on the advancement of NASH in mice induced by MCD diet. This findings revealed significant reductions in body weight loss and liver damage induced by the MCD diet following exosomes treatment. Moreover, hepatic fat accumulation was notably alleviated. Mechanistically, the treatment with exosomes led to an upregulation of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) levels in the liver, enhancing hepatic fatty acid oxidation and transporter gene expression while inhibiting genes associated with fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, exosomes treatment increased the transcription levels of key liver mitochondrial marker proteins and the essential mitochondrial biogenesis factor. Furthermore, the levels of serum inflammatory factors and hepatic tissue inflammatory factor mRNA expression were significantly reduced, likely due to the anti-inflammatory phenotype induced by exosomes in macrophages. The above conclusion suggests that SCAPs-exosomes can improve NASH.

Temperature can influence gastric accommodation and sensitivity in functional dyspepsia with epigastric pain syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia-epigastric pain syndrome (FD-EPS) is characterized pathophysiologically by visceral hypersensitivity, but the effect of the temperature stimulation on gastric function has been seldom studied. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of liquid nutrients at different temperatures on the gastric accommodation, sensitivity, and gastric-wall compliance of healthy subjects (HS) and FD-EPS patients. METHODS: Ten FD-EPS patients (Roma III criteria) and ten HS were recruited into the study. Intragastric pressure (IGP) and gastric perfusion were measured and compared following the administration of liquid nutrients at 37 °C on day 1 and at 8 °C on day 2. RESULTS: Seven patients developed abdominal discomfort or abdominal pain after being given cold liquid nutrient. The administration of liquid nutrient at 8 °C resulted in an increase of IGP in HS (P=0.044), a significant decrease in gastric perfusion (P<0.0001), a marked increase in IGP (P=0.015), and a dramatic reduction in gastric wall compliance (P=0.012) in patients compared to the effects of liquid nutrient at 37 °C. In addition, IGP in patients was lower than that in HS at 37 °C liquid nutrient (P=0.036), and the gastric perfusion volume in patients at maximal satiety was also significantly reduced at 8 °C liquid nutrient compared with HS (P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Cold stimulation can increase the IGP in HS and FD-EPS patients, elevate the visceral sensitivity and reduce the gastric volume of FD-EPS patients. FD-EPS patients who are sensitive to cold may develop epigastric discomfort or pain.

Multi-modality imaging findings of splenic hamartoma: a report of nine cases and review of the literature.

PURPOSE: To investigate the presentation of splenic hamartomas (SHs) on ultrasonography (US), CT and MRI. METHODS: Nine patients (5 males and 4 females, mean age, 52.8 years) with pathologically proven SHs were included in this study. US, CT and MRI images were analyzed retrospectively, and imaging features were correlated with pathological findings. RESULTS: SHs appeared solitary lesion (n = 8) and multiple lesions (n = 1) in the present study. (1) In 8 cases of solitary lesion, the lesions appeared as solid nodules or masses with well-defined margins and varying echogenicity (hyperecho = 5, hypoecho = 2, strong echo = 1) on ultrasound. The lesions showed iso-attenuation (n = 3) or slightly hypo-attenuation (n = 4) on unenhanced CT, and calcification were revealed in 3 lesions. MRI showed isointensity (n = 3) or hypointensity (n = 2) on the T1-weighted image, and heterogeneous hypointensity (n = 2), slightly hyperintensity (n = 2) and hyperintensity (n = 1) on the T2-weighted image. The enhanced patterns of SHs showed mild diffuse heterogeneous enhancement (n = 6) and prominent enhancement (n = 1) during arterial phase and above 7 lesions were demonstrated progressive enhancement at delayed phase on enhanced CT. One lesion without any enhancement was revealed in another patient. (2) One case of multiple lesions included 1 cystic lesion with irregular calcification and 7 solid lesions with progressive enhancement on CT images. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of a variety of imaging modalities could more fully reflect the pathological characteristics and contribute to the diagnosis of SH.

[Therapeutic mechanism of diaphragm training at different periods in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of postprandial diaphragm training (DT) on esophageal acid exposure, esophageal motility and proximal gastric volume at different postprandial periods in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: Thirty GERD patients and 9 healthy subjects (HS) with matched demographic characteristics were enrolled from June 2005 to June 2006 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Esophageal manometry with a Dent sleeve catheter and simultaneous esophageal pH monitoring were recorded in a 30-min fasting period and a 120-min postprandial period. The GERD patients were divided into 3 groups: 9 patients received diaphragm training at 1(st) hour after meal (group DT1 h) and another 10 at 2(nd) hour after meal (group DT2 h) whereas no diaphragm training after meal in 11 (group NDT). Ultrasonic imaging of proximal gastric volume was undertaken at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after meal. RESULTS: (1) The percentage time with pH<4 in group DT1 h was lower than that in group NDT in the 120-min postprandial period (0.2% (0-4.1%), 6.6% (2.2%-18.2%), P < 0.05) and no significant difference of esophageal acid exposure was observed between groups DT2 h and NDT (3.7% (0.1%-17.8%), 6.6% (2.2%-18.2%), P > 0.05) . (2) Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and crural diaphragm pressures at the 1(st) hour after meal in group DT1 h were both significantly higher than those in group NDT during diaphragm training ((44.4 ± 8.1) vs(16.2 ± 4.5) mm Hg, (38.2 ± 4.2) vs (9.8 ± 4.5) mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa, both P < 0.05). EGJ and crural diaphragm pressures at the 2(nd) hour after meal in group DT2 h were significantly higher than those in group N-DT during diaphragm training ((53.2 ± 7.5) vs (14.0 ± 3.7) mm Hg, (48.2 ± 6.3) vs (8.9 ± 2.7) mm Hg, both P < 0.05). There was no change of lower esophageal sphincter pressure (all P > 0.05). (3) After test meal, the groups DT1 h, DT2 h and N-DT had similar proximal stomach volume (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Diaphragm training at the 1(st) hour after meal might reduce the 120-min postprandial esophageal acid exposure in GERD patients. The reduction in esophageal acid exposure may result from enhanced antireflux barrier of EGJ function. Therefore postprandial diaphragm training provides a new approach to conservative treatment of GERD.

"In situ bone flap" combined with vascular pedicled mucous flap to reconstruction of skull base defect.

BACKGROUND: At present, neuroendoscopy technology has made rapid development, and great progress has been made in the operation of lesions in the saddle area of the skull base. However, the complications of cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial infection after the operation are still important and life-threatening complications, which may lead to poor prognosis. AIM: To investigate the method of in situ bone flap combined with nasal septum mucosal flap for reconstruction of enlarged skull base defect by endonasal sphenoidal approach and to discuss its application effect. METHODS: Clinical data of 24 patients undergoing transnasal sphenoidal endoscopic approach in the Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated 2 Hospital of Nantong University from January 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent multi-layer reconstruction of skull base using in situ bone flap combined with nasal septum mucosa flap. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection were analyzed, and the application effect and technical key points of in situ bone flap combined with nasal septum mucosa flap for skull base bone reconstruction were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 5 cases of high flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and 7 cases of low flow CSF leakage. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 2 patients (8.3%) and intracranial infection in 2 patients (8.3%), which were cured after strict bed rest, continuous drainage of lumbar cistern combined with antibiotic treatment, and no secondary surgical repair was required. The patients were followed up for 8 to 36 months after the operation, and no delayed cerebrospinal fluid leakage or intracranial infection occurred during the follow-up. Computed tomography reconstruction of skull base showed satisfactory reconstruction after surgery. CONCLUSION: The use of in situ bone flap combined with vascular pedicled mucous flap to reconstruction of skull base defect after endonasal sphenoidal approach under neuroendoscopy has a lower incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and lower complications, which has certain advantages and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Case Report: Endoscopic trans-cerebellar medullary fissure approach for the management of brainstem hemorrhage.

Objective: Brainstem hematoma (BSH) is a high-risk condition that can lead to deadly and disabling consequences if not properly managed. However, recent advances in endoscopic techniques, employed for removing supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage have shown significant improvements in operative morbidity and mortality rates compared to other approaches. In this study, we demonstrate the utility and feasibility of the endoscopic trans-cerebellar medullary fissure approach for the management of brain stem hemorrhage in carefully selected patients. Patients and methods: A 55-year-old man presented to the emergency department in a comatose state with respiratory distress. A CT scan revealed the presence of a brainstem hemorrhage. Given the location of the hemorrhage and the need to quickly manage the associated developmental obstructive hydrocephalus and respiratory distress, an endoscopic trans-cerebellar medullary fissure approach was chosen as the most appropriate method of treatment. Results: Total resection was achieved, and the patient gradually improved postoperatively with no new neurological deficits. He is currently under routine follow-up and is conscious but has partial hemiplegia. Conclusion: This approach provided direct visualization of the lesion and was minimally invasive. The endoscopic trans-cerebellar medullary fissure approach may be considered an alternative to open approaches for brainstem hemorrhage in carefully selected patients.

Positioning and design by computed tomography imaging in neuroendoscopic surgery of patients with chronic subdural hematoma.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendoscopy is a very useful technique to Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSH). But how to achieve the goal of treatment more minimally invasive? AIM: To develop a simple, fast and accurate preoperative planning method in our way for endoscopic surgery of patients with CSH. METHODS: From June 2018 to May 2020, forty-two patients with CSH, admitted to our hospital, were performed endoscopic minimally invasive surgery; computed tomography (CT) imaging was employed to locate the intracerebral hematoma and select the appropriate endoscopic approach before the endoscopic surgery. The clinical data and treatment efficacy were analyzed. RESULTS: According to the learning of CT scanning images, the surgeon can accurately design the best minimally invasive neuroendoscopic surgical approach and realize the precise positioning and design of the drilling site of the skull and the size of the bone window, so as to provide the most effective operation space with the smallest bone window. In this group, the average operation time was only about 1 h, and the clearance rate of hematoma was about 95%. CONCLUSION: Patients with CSH can achieve good therapeutic effect by using our way to positioning and design to assist the operation of CSH according to CT scan and image, and our way is very useful and necessary.

Treatment of functional dyspepsia in Chinese adult patients with domperidone: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of domperidone for the treatment of Chinese patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who were diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria and to identify the FD subtypes that potentially responded better to domperidone. METHODS: This multicenter prospective study was conducted in China from August 2018 to July 2020, consisting of a 1-week screening phase and a 2-week double-blind treatment phase. Participants were randomized to receive domperidone 10 mg or matching placebo tablets thrice daily for 14 days. The primary end-point was the overall treatment effect (OTE) response rate after 2-week therapy. RESULTS: Altogether 160 patients were included, with 80 patients in each group. The OTE response rate after 2-week therapy was significantly higher for domperidone compared with placebo (60.7% vs 46.0%; relative risk [RR] 1.318, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.972-1.787). Moreover, the OTE response rate after 2-week domperidone or placebo treatment was 60.3% versus 54.9% for postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) (RR 1.098, 95% CI 0.750-1.607) and 60.6% versus 35.2% for overlapping PDS-epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) (RR 1.722, 95% CI 0.995-2.980). Adverse events were reported by seven patients in the domperidone group and 12 patients in the placebo group. None of the adverse events in the domperidone group were serious. CONCLUSION: Domperidone showed a positive pattern regarding OTE response rates after 2-week therapy compared to placebo in patients with FD, as well as in subtypes of PDS and overlapping PDS-EPS. No new safety issue was observed.

[Symptomatic features and psychosocial factors in patients with belching disorders].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the symptomatic features and psychosocial factors in patients with belching disorders. METHODS: At Peking Union Medical College Hospital Outpatient Clinic from September 2010 to January 2011, 21 consecutive patients with repetitive belching were profiled by symptom questionnaires, including general demographics, spectrum of symptoms, disease course, predisposing factors, previous treatment, psychosocial factors, mental status and personality traits, etc. Pearson's correlation analysis and exact probability were used. RESULTS: Among them, 20 patients fulfilled the Rome III criteria of belching disorders. There were 5 males and 15 females with an age range of (49 ± 10) years. Among them, the belching patterns were daily (n = 18), meal-related (n = 16), spontaneous (n = 15), controllable (n = 16) and symptomatic overlapping (n = 17). The most common symptoms were functional dyspepsia (FD) (n = 13) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 11). Sixteen patients experienced mental stimulation/negative events and 13 patients were related to family tension, work stress and overwork. There were 12 patients with anxiety and/or depression and 8 with neurotic personality. The number of overlapping symptoms was related to anxiety states (r = 0.47, t = 2.14, P < 0.05). But the severity of belching was unrelated to with or without depression and anxiety state (P = 0.096). CONCLUSIONS: There are a variety of clinical manifestations in patients with belching disorders. Belching disorders is often related to emotional change and environmental stress and accompanied by abnormal mental and personality characteristics. Belching may be an abnormal behavior reaction to gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms. The psychological and social factors probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of belching disorders.

[Clinical manifestations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and coronary artery disease].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Clinical data of 3911 SLE patients were retrospectively analyzed and CAD was diagnosed by coronary angiography in 26 (0.7%) SLE patients (10 stable angina pectoris, 5 unstable angina pectoris, 8 STEMI and 3 non-STEMI). The tradition risk factors, first onset of cardiac events, blood biochemistry index, treatment and activity of SLE, coronary angiographic features were compared with 552 CAD patients without SLE. RESULTS: Compared with CAD patients without SLE, CAD patients with SLE were younger [(50.4 ± 15.2) years vs. (60.6 ± 11.6) years, P < 0.01], the mean number per patient of Framingham tradition risk factors was less (1.11 ± 1.18 vs. 2.50 ± 1.28, P < 0.05). CAD patients with SLE were prone to premature coronary artery disease [76.9% (20/26)], and ACS was the most common manifestation in SLE patients with premature coronary artery disease [65.0% (13/20)], the duration of steroid use was significantly longer [24.00 (3.75, 57.00) months vs. 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) months, P < 0.05] and 24 hours total urine protein [(1.93 ± 1.97) g vs. (0.76 ± 0.75) g, P < 0.05] was significantly higher in the ACS patients with SLE than non-ACS patients with SLE. Coronary stenosis was evidenced in most of the SLE patients with CAD [76.9% (20/26)] and incidence of coronary thrombotic occlusion was significantly higher in SLE patients with CAD than CAD patients without SLE [30.8% (8/26) vs. 11.8% (65/552), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: The incidence of CAD in SLE patients is low and the major form of CAD in SLE patients is premature coronary artery disease and mostly induced by coronary thrombotic occlusion.

[Clinical application of high resolution manometry for examining esophageal function in neonates].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the esophageal function of neonates by high resolution manometry (HRM), and to provide preliminary data for research on the esophageal function of neonates. METHODS: Esophageal HRM was performed on neonates using a solid-state pressure measurement system with 36 circumference sensors arranged at intervals of 0.75 cm, and ManoView software was used to analyze esophageal peristalsis pattern. RESULTS: Esophageal HRM was performed successfully in 11 neonates, and 126 occurrences of complete esophageal peristalsis were recorded. Complete esophageal peristalsis with pressure increase was recorded in some neonates but most neonates showed a different esophageal peristalsis pattern compared with adults. Some neonates had no relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) when pharyngeal muscles contracted in swallowing, some neonates had multiple swallowing without esophageal peristalsis and some neonates had relatively low pressure of esophageal peristalsis. Full-term infants could have relatively low UES pressure and esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure but some preterm infants showed relatively high UES pressure and LES pressure. Longitudinal contraction of the whole esophagus and elevation of LES after swallowing were recorded in some neonates. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal HRM is safe and tolerable for neonates. HRM shows that esophageal peristalsis after swallowing may not occur or may be incomplete in neonates. The esophageal function of neonates has not yet been developed completely, with large individual differences in esophageal peristalsis. Large sample data are needed for further analysis and research on the esophageal function of neonates.

The complete chloroplast genome of Carex laevissima Nakai (Cyperaceae).

Carex laevissima Nakai 1914 (Cyperaceae) is vital for ecological conservation and land virescence, and has high ornamental value. Here the chloroplast genome of Carex laevissima was assembled and systematically analyzed for further genetic research of Carex plants. The chloroplast sequence of Carex laevissima was 188,029 bp in length, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 36,699 bp each, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 106,171 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 8460 bp. The overall GC content is 34.0%. It contains 133 genes, including 89 protein-coding, 36 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Carex laevissima is most closely related to Carex neurocarpa.

Efficacy evaluation of neuroendoscopy vs burr hole drainage in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease in neurosurgery. The traditional treatment methods include burr hole drainage, bone flap craniectomy and other surgical methods, and there are certain complications such as recurrence, pneumocephalus, infection and so on. With the promotion of neuroendoscopic technology, its treatment effect and advantages need to be further evaluated. AIM: To study the clinical effect of endoscopic small-bone approach in CSDH. METHODS: A total of 122 patients with CSDH admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to August 2021 were randomly divided into two groups using the digital table method: the neuroendoscopy group (n = 61 cases) and the burr hole drainage group (n = 61 cases). The clinical treatment effect of the two groups of patients with CSDH was compared. RESULTS: At the early postoperative stage (1 d and 3 d), the proportion of 1/2 re-expansion of brain tissue in the hematoma cavity and the proportion of complete re-expansion was higher in the neuroendoscopy group than in the burr hole drainage group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of hematoma in the neuroendoscopy group was lower than that in the burr hole drainage group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). No intracranial hematoma, low cranial pressure, tension pneumocephalus or other complications occurred in the neuroendoscopy group. CONCLUSION: The neuroendoscopic approach for the treatment of CSDH can clear the hematoma under direct vision and separate the mucosal lace-up. The surgical effect is apparent with few complications and definite curative effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

[Short-term results of minimally invasive Chevron osteotomy with lateral soft tissue release in treating mild to moderate hallux valgus].

OBJECTIVE: To explore short-term results of minimally invasive Chevron osteotomy with lateral soft tissue release in treating mild to moderate hallux valgus. METHODS: Sixty patients (80 feet) with mild to moderate hallux valgus treated with minimally invasive Chevron osteotomy with lateral soft tissue release from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 5 males (6 feet) and 62 females (74 feet), aged from 20 to 60 years old with an average of (47.2±9.7) years old;54 patients (64 feet) with mild hallux valgus, and 13 patients(16 feet) with moderate hallux valgus. Hallux valugs angle(HVA), Ⅰ-Ⅱ intermetatarsal anlge(Ⅰ-Ⅱ IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle(DMAA)and sesamoid Hardy score were compared before and after operation, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society's Hallux Metatarsophalangeal- Interphalangeal (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) scale was used to evaluate clinical effects. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients (80 feet) were followed-up from 6 to 23 months with an average of (13.7±6.5) months. Preopertive HVA, Ⅰ-Ⅱ IMA, DMAA, sesamoid Hardy score and AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP were (27.5±7.0)°, (17.4±4.1)°, (11.4±3.8)°, (4.9±2.6) and (58.2±9.1), respectively;while at the final follow up were(8.3±4.8)°, (6.9±3.0)°, (3.9±2.4)°, (2.7±1.1) and(91.3±2.2);and there were statistical differences between pre-operation and the latest follow-up(P<0.05). There were differences in preopertaive imaging indexes and AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP between 64 mild and 16 moderate hallux valgus feet(P<0.05);while no difference in above indexes at the final follow-up(P>0.05);from the view of degree of improvement, HVA, Ⅰ-Ⅱ IMA, sesamoid Hardy score and AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP in moderate hallux valgus were better than that of in mild hallux valgus(P<0.05). Four patients occurred redness and swelling around incision on the osteotomy site, and cured by local dressing change and oral antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive Chevron osteotomy combined with lateral soft tissue release has advantages of correction and functional improvement for mild to moderate hallux valgus.