RESUMO
Background: Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation. We aimed to characterize MDRO colonization dynamics and infection in liver transplant (LT) recipients through innovative use of active surveillance and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive adult patients undergoing LT from March 2014 to March 2016. Fecal samples were collected at multiple timepoints from time of enrollment to 12 months posttransplant. Samples were screened for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (Ceph-RE), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. We performed WGS of CRE and selected Ceph-RE isolates. We also collected clinical data including demographics, transplant characteristics, and infection data. Results: We collected 998 stool samples and 119 rectal swabs from 128 patients. MDRO colonization was detected in 86 (67%) patients at least once and was significantly associated with subsequent MDRO infection (0 vs 19.8%, P = .002). Child-Turcotte-Pugh score at LT and duration of post-LT hospitalization were independent predictors of both MDRO colonization and infection. Temporal dynamics differed between MDROs with respect to onset of colonization, clearance, and infections. We detected an unexpected diversity of CRE colonizing isolates and previously unrecognized transmission that spanned Ceph-RE and CRE phenotypes, as well as a cluster of mcr-1-producing isolates. Conclusions: Active surveillance and WGS showed that MDRO colonization is a highly dynamic and complex process after LT. Understanding that complexity is crucial for informing decisions regarding MDRO infection control, use of therapeutic decolonization, and empiric treatment regimens.
Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Variação Genética , Transplante de Fígado , Idoso , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/genética , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/isolamento & purificação , Infecção Hospitalar , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Genômica , Humanos , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Transplantados , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/genética , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Ectopic ovarian tissue is an unusual entity, especially if it is an isolated finding thought to be of embryological origin. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old, morbidly obese female presented with left flank pain, nausea, and irregular menses. Various diagnostic procedures suggested a large ovarian cyst, and surgical resection was performed. CONCLUSION: Histologically, the resected mass was not of tubal origin as suspected, but a serous cystadenoma arising from ovarian tissue. The patient's two normal, eutopic ovaries were completely uninvolved and unaffected. A tumor arising from ectopic ovarian tissue of embryological origin seems the most likely explanation. We suggest refining the descriptive nomenclature so as to more precisely characterize the various presentations of ovarian ectopia.