RESUMO
Beauveria bassiana is a popular and eco-friendly biopesticide. During its pathogen-pest interaction, both N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) catabolism and anabolism are crucial for nutrient supply and cell-wall construction. The initiation of GlcNAc metabolism relies on the catalysis of GlcNAc kinase, which has been extensively studied in the human pathogen Candida albicans. However, the physiological function of GlcNAc kinase remains poorly understood in entomopathogenic fungi. In the present study, a GlcNAc kinase homolog was identified and designated as BbHxk1 in B. bassiana. Deletion of BbHxk1 resulted in viable but reduced vegetative growth on various carbon sources. ΔBbHxk1 mutants displayed severe defects in cell wall integrity, making them more susceptible to cell wall stress cues. Furthermore, the absence of BbHxk1 resulted in an increase in conidial yield and blastospore production, and a faster rate of germination and filamentation, potentially attributed to higher intracellular ATP levels. BbHxk1 deficiency led to a reduction in the activities of cuticle-degrading enzymes, which might contribute to the attenuated pathogenicity specifically through cuticle penetration rather than hemocoel infection towards Galleria mellonella larvae. Being different from C. albicans Hxk1, which facultatively acts as a catalyzing enzyme and transcriptional regulator, BbHxk1 primarily acts as a catalyzing enzyme and metabolic regulator. The altered metabolomic profiling correlated with the phenotypic defects in ΔBbHxk1 mutants, further implicating a potential metabolism-dependent mechanism of BbHxk1 in mediating physiologies of B. bassiana. These findings not only unveil a novel role for GlcNAc kinase in B. bassiana, but also provide a solid theoretical basis to guide metabolic reprogramming in order to maintain or even enhance the efficiency of fungi for practical applications.
Assuntos
Beauveria , Parede Celular , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool) , Beauveria/patogenicidade , Beauveria/genética , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool)/metabolismo , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool)/genética , Animais , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Esporos Fúngicos , Mariposas/microbiologia , Agentes de Controle BiológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Laccases are green biocatalysts with wide industrial applications. The study of efficient and specific laccase producers remains a priority. Cerrena species have been shown to be promising basidiomycete candidates for laccase production. Although two sets of Cerrena genome data have been publicly published, no comprehensive bioinformatics study of laccase gene family in C. unicolor has been reported, particularly concerning the analysis of their three-dimensional (3D) structures and molecular docking to substrates, like ABTS and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). RESULTS: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613. We identified eighteen laccase genes (CuLacs) and classified them into three clades using phylogenetic analysis. We characterized these laccases, including their location in contig 5,6,9,12,15,19,26,27, gene structures of different exon-intron arrangements, molecular weight ranging from 47.89 to 141.41 kDa, acidic pI value, 5-15 conserved protein motifs, signaling peptide of extracellular secretion (harbored by 13 CuLacs) and others. In addition, the analysis of cis-acting element in laccase promoters indicated that the transcription response of CuLac gene family was regulatable and complex under different environmental cues. Furthermore, analysis of transcription pattern revealed that CuLac8, 12 and CuLac2, 13 were the predominant laccases in response to copper ions or oxidative stress, respectively. Finally, we focused on the 3D structure analysis of CuLac proteins. Seven laccases with extra transmembrane domains or special sequences were particularly interesting. Predicted structures of each CuLac protein with or without these extra sequences showed altered interacting amino acid residues and binding sites, leading to varied affinities to both ABTS and AFB1. As far as we know, it is the first time to discuss the influence of the extra sequence on laccase's affinity to substrates. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide robust genetic data for a better understanding of the laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613, and create a foundation for the molecular redesign of CuLac proteins to enhance their industrial applications.
Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Lacase , Lacase/genética , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , FilogeniaRESUMO
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) abundantly exists in the cerebral cortex and is emerging as an essential factor in cortical development and function. As the m6A-binding site appears to be dynamically methylated in different RNA regions at the temporal-specific developing stage, it is of value to distinguish the unique character of region- and temporal-specific m6A. Herein, we analyzed the status of temporal-specific m6A within RNA 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) using m6A-methylated sequencing data and transcriptomic sequencing data from 12.5- to 13-day embryonic cerebral cortices and 14-day postnatal ones. We identified sorts of RNAs that are uniquely m6A-methylated in the 5'UTR and sorted them into specific neurological processes. Compared with 3'UTR-m6A-methylated RNAs, 5'UTR-m6A-methylated RNAs showed unique functions and mechanisms in regulating cortical development, especially through the pathway of mRNA transport and surveillance. Moreover, the 5'UTR-specific m6A was associated with neurological disorders as well. The FoxO signaling pathway was then focused by these pathogenic 5'UTR-m6A-methylated RNAs and explored to be involved in the determination of neurological disorders. Additionally, the 5'UTR-m6A modification patterns and transcriptional patterns play independent but cohesive roles in the developing cortices. Our study emphasizes the importance of 5'UTR-specific m6A in the developing cortex and provides an informative reference for future studies of 5'UTR-specific m6A in normal cortical development and neurological disorders.
Assuntos
Adenosina , Biologia Computacional , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas/genética , Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , CamundongosRESUMO
CONTEXT: Obesity, one of the major public health problems worldwide, has attracted increasing attention. Ginsenoside Rb1 is the most abundant active component of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey (Araliaceae) and is reported to have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which Rb1 regulates obesity remain to be explored. OBJECTIVE: This paper intends to further explore the mechanism of Rb1 in regulating obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The C57BL/6 obese mice were divided into two groups: the control (CTR) and Rb1. The CTR group [intraperitoneally (ip) administered with saline] and the Rb1 group (ip administered with Rb1, 40 mg/kg/d) were treated daily for four weeks. In vitro, Rb1 (0, 10, 20, 40 µM) was added to differentiated C2C12 cells and Rb1 (0, 20, 40 µM) was added to 3T3-L1 cells. After 24 h, total RNA and protein from C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells were used to detect myostatin (MSTN) and fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) expression. RESULTS: Rb1 reduced the body weight and adipocyte size. Improved glucose tolerance and increased basic metabolic activity were also found in Rb1 treated mice. MSTN was downregulated in differentiated C2C12 cells, 3T3-L1 cells and adipose tissues upon Rb1 treatment. FNDC5 was increased after Rb1 treatment. However, MSTN overexpression attenuated Rb1-mediated decrease accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS: Rb1 may ameliorate obesity in part through the MSTN/FNDC5 signalling pathway. Our results showed that Rb1 can be used as an effective drug in the treatment of human obesity.
Assuntos
Ginsenosídeos , Miostatina , Obesidade , Panax , Animais , Fibronectinas , Ginsenosídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Miostatina/genética , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/metabolismoRESUMO
Purpose: To determine whether covered or uncovered stent insertion achieved better clinical efficacy when used to treat malignant superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction (SVCO).Material and methods: A total of 64 patients with malignant SVCO underwent stent insertion between January 2011 and March 2018 at our center. Of these, 34 were treated via uncovered stent insertion while 30 were treated via covered stent insertion. We compared the clinical effectiveness, patency of the stent, and overall survival between these two groups.Results: Both treatments achieved a 100% technical and clinical success rate, without any incidence of complications relating to the procedure. Stent dysfunction was found in one and six patients in the covered and uncovered groups during the follow-up period (1/30 vs. 6/34, p = .153), respectively. The covered stent patency period was significantly longer in the group treated with covered stents (374 vs. 317 days, p = .049), while median survival following stent insertion was 175 and 159 days, respectively, for the covered and uncovered groups (p = .784).Conclusion: Uncovered and covered stent insertion are both safe means of effectively treating patients with malignant SVCO, but covered stents achieve better patency for long-term periods than uncovered stents.
Assuntos
Stents , Veia Cava Superior , Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the etiological factors for calculus-associated seminal vesiculitis by analyzing the composition of seminal vesicle calculus samples. METHODS: This retrospective study included 6 cases of recurrent hematospermia diagnosed with seminal vesicle calculus by non-contrast pelvic CT. The patients were aged 28 to 69 years, with persistent or recurrent hematospermia for 3 months to 6 years, and 5 of them with a history of acute urethritis. All the patients underwent seminal vesiculoscopy, which confirmed calculus-associated seminal vesiculitis. The calculus samples were obtained with a spiral dislodge and their composition was determined with a second-generation infrared calculus composition analyzer. The patients were followed up for 2 to 12 weeks postoperatively, during which non-contrast pelvic CT was employed for observation of recurrent calculus in the reproductive tract. RESULTS: Pelvic CT scanning indicated recurrence of seminal vesicle calculus in 3 cases at 12 weeks postoperatively, of which, 2 were accompanied with recurrent hematospermia, both observed at 4 weeks after operation. As for the composition of the calculus, the infrared calculus composition analyzer revealed struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) in 5 cases and a mixture of calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, and carbonate apatite in the other one. CONCLUSIONS: Seminal vesicle calculi are most commonly composed of struvite, and infection is the main etiological factor for calculus-associated seminal vesiculitis.
Assuntos
Cálculos/química , Cálculos/complicações , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/etiologia , Glândulas Seminais , Adulto , Idoso , Apatitas/análise , Oxalato de Cálcio/análise , Cálculos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemospermia/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Glândulas Seminais/diagnóstico por imagem , Estruvita/análise , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Uretrite/etiologiaRESUMO
Ischemic stroke is a primary cause of death and long-term disability all over the world. This disease is resulted from ischemia and hypoxia in brain tissues because of insufficient blood supply and causes a series of physiochemical metabolism disorders and physiological dysfunction. Its high disability ratio has bright huge burdens to society, governments and families. However, there is not efficacious medicine to treat it. In this study, a right middle cerebral artery occlusion was established in rats to observe the multi-path and multi-aspect intervention effects of Tibetan patent medicine Ruyi Zhenbao pills in reducing injuries to Nissl bodies, cerebral edema and inflammatory reactions and preventing cellular apoptosis, in order to lay a foundation for defining its therapeutic mechanism in acute ischemic stroke.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional Tibetana , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , NF-kappa B/fisiologia , Patentes como Assunto , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Governor vessel acupuncture (GV Ac) in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). METHODS: There was a total of seven databases examined. Four English databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Medline) and three Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Databases (VIP), and Wan Fang Database) contain all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Governor vessel acupuncture to other treatments or none acupuncture for PSCI. The exact dates for the search period are from January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2023.Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, gathered RCT data, and performed statistical analysis. All data were analyzed using Review Manager software (Rev Man) 5.3. RESULTS: This meta-analysis includes a total of 39 trials with 2044 patients. There were 1022 participants in each of the test and control groups. Following 12-120 days of acupuncture treatment, a meta-analysis revealed that the treatment groups (GV Ac combined with conventional treatment groups) significantly increased their scores on the Curative ratio (OR = 3.00, 95â¯%CI = 2.37-3.79, P = 0.98, I² = 0â¯%), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)(MD = 1.82, 95â¯%CI = 1.60-2.03, P = 0.11, I² = 25â¯%), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)(MD = 2.18, 95â¯%CI = 1.64-2.72, P<0.005, I² = 92â¯%), and Activity of Daily Living (ADL)(MD = 5.99, 95â¯%CI = 5.33-6.64, P = 0.19, I² = 26â¯%). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that acupuncture on points of the Governor vessel enhanced cognitive function in stroke survivors.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Disfunção Cognitiva , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Disfunção Cognitiva/terapia , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Cognição/fisiologiaRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a significant global health concern. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the onset and development of IBD. Sanghuangporus (SH), a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom, has excellent anti-inflammatory effects and is effective at modulating the gut microbiota. Despite these attributes, the specific anticolitic effects of SH and the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota mediates its benefits remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that polyphenol-rich extract from SH effectively alleviated the pathological symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Treatment with SH distinctly enriched Alistipes, especially Alistipes onderdonkii, and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA). Oral gavage of live A. onderdonkii or 5HIAA potently mitigated DSS-induced colitis in mice. Moreover, both 5HIAA and SH significantly activated the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the administration of an AhR antagonist abrogated their protective effects against colitis. These results underscore the potent efficacy of SH in diminishing DSS-induced colitis through the promotion of A. onderdonkii and 5HIAA, ultimately activating AhR signaling. This study unveils potential avenues for developing therapeutic strategies for colitis based on the interplay between SH and the gut microbiota.
RESUMO
The white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor 87613 has been previously shown to be a promising resource in laccase production, an enzyme with significant biotechnological applications. Conventional methods face technical challenges in improving laccase activity. Attempts are still being made to develop novel approaches for further enhancing laccase activity. This study aimed to understand the regulation of laccase activity in C. unicolor 87613 for a better exploration of the novel approach. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in extracellular laccase activity. The findings indicated a strong correlation between the glutathione metabolism pathway and laccase activity. Subsequently, experimental verifications were conducted by manipulating the pathway using chemical approaches. The additive reduced glutathione (GSH) dose-dependently repressed laccase activity, while the GSH inhibitors (APR-246) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer (H2O2) enhanced laccase activity. Changes in GSH levels could determine the intracellular redox homeostasis in interaction with ROS and partially affect the expression level of laccase genes in C. unicolor 87613 in turn. In addition, GSH synthetase was found to mediate GSH abundance in a feedback loop. This study suggests that laccase activity is negatively influenced by GSH metabolism and provides a theoretical basis for a novel strategy to enhance laccase activity by reprogramming glutathione metabolism at a specific cultivation stage.IMPORTANCEThe production of laccase activity is limited by various conventional approaches, such as heterologous expression, strain screening, and optimization of incubation conditions. There is an urgent need for a new strategy to meet industrial requirements more effectively. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of Cerrena unicolor 87613. For the first time, we discovered a negative role played by reduced glutathione (GSH) and its metabolic pathway in influencing extracellular laccase activity. Furthermore, we identified a feedback loop involving GSH, GSH synthetase gene, and GSH synthetase within this metabolic pathway. These deductions were confirmed through experimental investigations. These findings not only advanced our understanding of laccase activity regulation in its natural producer but also provide a theoretical foundation for a strategy to enhance laccase activity by reprogramming glutathione metabolism at a specific cultivation stage.
Assuntos
Cebus , Lacase , Polyporales , Transcriptoma , Lacase/genética , Lacase/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Glutationa , Ligases/genética , Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
Macrophages are immune cells crucial for host defense and homeostasis maintenance, and their dysregulation is involved in multiple pathological conditions, such as liver fibrosis. The transcriptional regulation in macrophage is indispensable for fine-tuning of macrophage functions, but the details have not been fully elucidated. Prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) is a dipeptidyl peptidase with both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions. In this study, we found that Prep knockout significantly contributed to transcriptomic alterations in quiescent and M1/M2-polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), as well as aggravated fibrosis in an experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. Mechanistically, PREP predominantly localized to the macrophage nuclei and functioned as a transcriptional coregulator. Using CUT&Tag and co-immunoprecipitation, we found that PREP was mainly distributed in active cis-regulatory genomic regions and physically interacted with the transcription factor PU.1. Among PREP-regulated downstream genes, genes encoding profibrotic cathepsin B and D were overexpressed in BMDMs and fibrotic liver tissue. Our results indicate that PREP in macrophages functions as a transcriptional coregulator that finely tunes macrophage functions, and plays a protective role against liver fibrosis pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Prolil Oligopeptidases , Animais , Camundongos , Macrófagos , Fibrose , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Phenolic compounds are widely distributed in nature and industrial environment, and their detoxification or bioactive enhancement is of great value to environmental protection and industrial development. Laccases are multicopper oxidases that catalyse the oligo- or polymerisation of phenolic compounds. Identifying new laccase producers and investigating their application potential are of great importance. In this study, a white-rot fungus, Trametes hirsuta EZ1, with significantly high laccase productivity was isolated. The optimum conditions were studied for the maximum fermentation of extracellular laccase, which was achieved at 150 U/mL with a medium containing 10% strain EZ1, 7% maltodextrin, 1.5% peptone, and 0.5 mM Cu2+, and incubation at initial pH 6.0, 32 °C, and 180 rpm for nine days. Subsequently, a 70-kDa laccase was purified that showed activity over a wide range of temperature and pH, sensitivity to many metal ions and sodium dodecyl sulphate, and high tolerance to organic solvents. Purified laccase showed a significant unreported effect by catalysing catechol or ferulic acid into dimers, trimers, and tetramers or caffeic acid into dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. The oligomeric mixtures exhibited increased antioxidative capacity compared to that of each parent monomer, except for caffeic acid derivatives. Our study offers a novel strain source for laccase production and broadens its application in the enhancement of bioactive compounds.
Assuntos
Polyporaceae , Trametes , LacaseRESUMO
Four rare isotachin-derived, isotachins E-H (1-4), together with two known biogenetically related isotachin derivatives (5 and 6) were isolated from the solid rice fermentation of a fungus Penicillium tanzanicum ZY-5 obtained from a medicinal plant Dasymaschalon rostratum collected from the Changjiang County, Hainan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction of compound 5 was determined. Compounds 1-4 have a trans-3-(methylthio)-acrylic acid fragment, which are rare in nature. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro were evaluated.
Assuntos
Annonaceae/microbiologia , Metacrilatos/química , Penicillium/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Metacrilatos/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Penicillium/isolamento & purificação , Células RAW 264.7 , Espectrofotometria InfravermelhoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of paranasal sinus involvement (PSI) in NPC and to explore its appropriate position in the current AJCC staging system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pretreatment MRI of 1317 patients with NPC treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) between January 2010, and January 2013, were reviewed retrospectively. Survival was compared between patients with PSI-slight (sinus bone wall erosion only) and PSI-severe (tumor penetrated into sinus cavity). Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of survival. RESULTS: The study included 1317 patients (median age 46 years; range, 11-78 years). PSI-slight was present in 15.2% (200/1317) patients and PSI-severe in 20.0% (263/1317) patients. Overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly lower in patients with PSI-severe (all P < .05). In multivariable analysis, PSI-severe was an independent prognostic factor for OS, DMFS, LRFS, and PFS (all P < .05). 96 AJCC T3 category patients with PSI-severe were reclassified as T4 category. The revised T category had significantly better predictive value (higher C-index) than that the AJCC system for survival (OS, 0.661 vs. 0.652; DMFS, 0.655 vs. 0.650; and PFS, 0.625 vs. 0.625; P < .05 for all). CONCLUSION: PSI-severe is an independent negative prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is recommended to be classified as T4 category in the 8th AJCC staging system for NPC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/patologia , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/radioterapia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/radioterapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to explore the dynamic relationship between Notch and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both in vitro and in vivo. The LX2, Huh7 and MIHA hepatic cell lines were used to establish a cell steatosis model induced by palmitic acid (PA) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mM). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using a 5bromo2'deoxyuridine kit and a wound healing assay. The dosage of 0.25 mM PA for 3648 h treatment was chosen for subsequent experiments. Steatotic cells were identified by Oil Red O staining. Feeding mice a methioninecholinedeficient (MCD) diet is known induce a model of NAFLD, compared with a methioninecholinesufficient (MCS) diet. Therefore, Notch family mRNA expression was evaluated in the liver of MCDfed mice at varying time points (days 5, 10, 21 and 70) using reverse transcriptionquantitative PCR. Notch expression levels were also assessed in cell lines at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after PA treatment. Notch signaling molecules changed in the PA or MCD model over time. In vitro, the mRNA levels of Notch1, 2 and 4 increased in all cell lines after 12h PA treatment. At 24 h, these genes were upregulated only in LX2 cells, while showing a 'downup' pattern in MIHA cells (i.e. these genes were downregulated at 24 h but upregulated at 36 h). However, expression of Notch1, 2, 3 and 4 mRNA rose significantly in the early stage (day 10) of NAFLD. At week 3, the levels of Notch1 and 2 were higher in the MCD group than in the MCS group, while the reverse was observed for Notch3 and 4. Expression of these four genes increased again in the late stage (day 70) of NAFLD. Therefore, these results indicated that Notch family members Notch14 were involved in the development of NAFLD and played an important role in steatosis in this model.
Assuntos
Dieta/efeitos adversos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Ácido Palmítico/efeitos adversos , Receptores Notch/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/induzido quimicamente , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The effect of menaquinone-7 isolated from cheonggukjang was comparatively investigated with vitamin K1 and menaquinone-4 on cell differentiation and mineralization of the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Results indicated that all vitamin K species significantly increased MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, cellular alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin synthesis, and calcium deposition in a dose-dependent manner. Menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 had more potent effects on calcium deposition than vitamin K1, and their effects were only partly reduced by warfarin (γ-carboxylation inhibitor) treatment, while warfarin abolished the induction activity of vitamin K1 on calcification. This suggests that vitamin K1 and K2 (menaquinone-4 & menaquinone-7) may have different mechanisms in stimulating osteoblast mineralization. In addition, the mRNA expression ratio of osteoprotegerin and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand was also dramatically increased by treatment with vitamin K1 (62%), menaquinone-4 (247%), and menaquinone-7 (329%), suggesting that vitamin K may suppress the formation of osteoclast by up-regulating the ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand in osteoblasts. These results provide compelling evidence that vitamin K1, menaquinone-4, and menaquinone-7 all can promote bone health, which might be associated with elevations in the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand ratio.
Assuntos
Biomineralização/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Alimentos de Soja , Vitamina K 1/farmacologia , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Osteoblastos , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Ligante RANK/genética , Vitamina K 2/isolamento & purificação , Vitamina K 2/farmacologiaRESUMO
Optimization of the culture medium to maximize menaquinone-7 (MK-7) production by Bacillus subtilis strain KCTC 12392BP in static culture was carried out using statistical experimental methods, including one factor at a time, fractional factorial design, and response surface methodology (RSM). Maltose (carbon source), tryptone (nitrogen source), and glycerol (activator) were identified as the key medium components for MK-7 synthesis by the fractional factorial design, and were selected for statistical optimization by RSM. The statistical analysis indicated that, in the range that was studied, maltose, tryptone, and glycerol were all critical factors having profound effects on the production of MK-7, with their coefficients for linear and quadratic all significant at the p < 0.05 level. The established model was efficient and feasible, with a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.9419. The predicted concentrations of maltose, tryptone, and glycerol in the optimal medium were determined as 36.78, 62.76, and 58.90 g/l, respectively. In this optimized medium, the maximum yield of MK-7 reached a remarkably high level of 71.95 ± 1.00 µg/ml after 9 days of static fermentation, which further verified the practicability of this optimized strategy.
Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Biotecnologia/métodos , Modelos Estatísticos , Vitamina K 2/metabolismoRESUMO
Disturbance of oxygen-carbon dioxide homeostasis has an impact on cancer. Little is known about the effect of breath training on cancer patients. Here we report our 10-year experience with morning breathing exercises (MBE) in peer-support programs for cancer survivors.We performed a cohort study to investigate long-term surviving patients with lung cancer (LC) and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) who practiced MBE on a daily basis. End-tidal breath holding time (ETBHT) after MBE was measured to reflect improvement in alveolar O2 pressure and alveolar CO2 pressure capacity.Patients (female, 57) with a diagnosis of LC (90 patients) and NPC (32 patients) were included. Seventy-six of them were MBE trainees. Average survival years were higher in MBE trainees (9.8â±â9.5) than nontrainees (3.3â±â2.8). The 5-year survival rate was 56.6% for MBE trainees and 19.6% for nontrainees (RRâ=â5.371, 95% CIâ=â2.271-12.636, Pâ<â0.001). Survival probability of the trainees further increased 17.9-fold for the 10-year survival rate. Compared with the nontrainees, the MBE trainees shows no significant differences in ETBHT (baseline, Pâ=â0.795; 1-2 years, Pâ=â0.301; 3-4 years, Pâ=â0.059) at baseline and within the first 4 years. From the 5th year onwards, significant improvements were observed in ETBHT, aCO2%, PaCO2, and PaO2 (Pâ=â0.028). In total, 18 trainees (40.9%) and 20 nontrainees (74.1%) developed new metastasis (RRâ=â0.315, 95% CIâ=â0.108-0.919, Pâ=â0.031).MBE might benefit for the long-term survival in patients with LC and NPC due to improvement in hyperventilation.
Assuntos
Exercícios Respiratórios , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/terapia , Suspensão da Respiração , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperventilação , Estudos Longitudinais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/fisiopatologia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
To further understand the correlation between vitamin K and bone metabolism, the effects of vitamins K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4), and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were comparatively investigated. Vitamin K2 groups (MK-4 and MK-7) were found to significantly inhibit RANKL-medicated osteoclast cell formation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a dose-dependent manner, without any evidence of cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression of specific osteoclast differentiation markers, such as c-Fos, NFATc1, OSCAR, and TRAP, as well as NFATc1 protein expression and TRAP activity in RANKL-treated BMMs were inhibited by vitamin K2, although MK-4 exhibited a significantly greater efficiency compared to MK-7. In contrast, the same dose of vitamin K1 had no inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast cell formation, but increased the expression of major osteoclastogenic genes. Interestingly, vitamins K1, MK-4 and MK-7 all strongly inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption (p < 0.01) in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that vitamins K1, MK-4 and MK-7 have anti-osteoporotic properties, while their regulation effects on osteoclastogenesis are somewhat different.