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J Neurosci ; 38(43): 9228-9239, 2018 10 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30228229

RESUMO

New myelin sheaths can be restored to demyelinated axons in a spontaneous regenerative process called remyelination. In general, new myelin sheaths are made by oligodendrocytes newly generated from a widespread population of adult CNS progenitors called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). New myelin in CNS remyelination in both experimental models and clinical diseases can also be generated by Schwann cells (SCs), the myelin-forming cells of the PNS. Fate-mapping studies have shown that SCs contributing to remyelination in the CNS are often derived from OPCs and appear not to be derived from myelinating SCs from the PNS. In this study, we address whether CNS remyelinating SCs can also be generated from PNS-derived cells other than myelinating SCs. Using a genetic fate-mapping approach, we have found that a subpopulation of nonmyelinating SCs identified by the expression of the transcription factor Foxj1 also contribute to CNS SC remyelination, as well as to remyelination in the PNS. We also find that the ependymal cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord, which also express Foxj1, do not generate cells that contribute to CNS remyelination. These findings therefore identify a previously unrecognized population of PNS glia that can participate in the regeneration of new myelin sheaths following CNS demyelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Remyelination failure in chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis drives the current quest for developing means by which remyelination in CNS can be enhanced therapeutically. Critical to this endeavor is the need to understand the mechanisms of remyelination, including the nature and identity of the cells capable of generating new myelin sheath-forming cells. Here, we report a previously unrecognized subpopulation of nonmyelinating Schwann cells (SCs) in the PNS, identified by the expression of the transcription factor Foxj1, which can give rise to SCs that are capable of remyelinating both PNS and CNS axons. These cells therefore represent a new cellular target for myelin regenerative strategies for the treatment of CNS disorders characterized by persistent demyelination.


Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/biossíntese , Bainha de Mielina/metabolismo , Remielinização/fisiologia , Células de Schwann/metabolismo , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central/química , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Feminino , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Bainha de Mielina/química , Sistema Nervoso Periférico/química , Sistema Nervoso Periférico/metabolismo , Células de Schwann/química , Nervo Isquiático/química , Medula Espinal/química
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