RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the 1990s, individualisation, participation, normalisation and inclusion have been the main principles of care for people with intellectual disability (ID). Autonomy has become an important issue for these people. This review of the literature tried to answer the question: how do people with ID exercise autonomy in relation to health? METHOD: Searches in Cochrane, Medline and PsycINFO were based on the following aspects of autonomy: self-determination, independence, self-regulation and self-realisation. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of 791 articles met our criteria, including 14 on self-determination, seven on independence, 15 on self-regulation and three on self-realisation. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of decades of promoting autonomy, the exercise of autonomy in relation to health has so far rarely been an issue in the literature.
Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Deficiência Intelectual/psicologia , Autonomia Pessoal , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: In a pilot study, the hypothesis was tested that a home-based walking exercise program with structured coaching would improve walking performance and adherence in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). METHODS: Thirty-one IC patients with a rest ankle-brachial pressure index < 0.90 started a 24-wk walking program in the home environment. They were coached according to the Health Counseling Model (HCM). Patients were instructed to walk at least 9 bouts.wk-1 and to walk through the pain. The main effect measures were pain-free (initial claudication distance (ICD)) and maximum walking distance (absolute claudication distance (ACD)) measured with a graded treadmill test, a corridor exercise test, a walking-diary, and the score on the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ). RESULTS: Twenty-four participants completed the program. The reported walking frequency was 7.4 times.wk-1. The average ICD improved from 289 m (95% CI, 209-369) to 347 m (95% CI, 244-449) (P < 0.05) and from 241 m (95% CI, 171-310) to 373 m (95% CI, 273-472) on the treadmill and the corridor test, respectively. The average ACD improved from 490 m (95% CI, 397-583) to 544 m (95% CI, 438-650) and from 564 m (95% CI, 412-717) to 726 m (95% CI, 546-906) (P < 0.01) on the treadmill and the corridor test, respectively. The average maximum distance reported in the walking-diary improved from 957 m (95% CI, 291-1623) to 1294 m (95% CI, 646-1941). The score of the walking distance on the WIQ improved from 57% (95% CI, 42-71%) to 60% (95% CI, 46-74%). CONCLUSION: IC patients improved their average ICD and ACD. The walking exercise program in the home environment with coaching according to the HCM seems a promising intervention to be tested in a randomized controlled trial.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício , Claudicação Intermitente/terapia , Cooperação do Paciente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aconselhamento , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Claudicação Intermitente/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Caminhada/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the 1990s, people with intellectual disability (ID) in the Netherlands have been moving from institutions to supported accommodation in the community. The Government is in need of recent data on the numbers of these people, to ensure adequate care provision and funding. This paper reports on the prevalence of people with ID in the Netherlands. The research question was: what is the lowest and highest estimation of prevalence of people with ID in the Netherlands? METHODS: Two extrapolation methods were used, each consisting of a number of stages, using general practice databases and ID care services records. RESULTS: The prevalence of people with ID in the Netherlands was 0.7% (111,750 persons). Other assumptions yielded 0.54-0.64%. Arguments for the two extrapolation methods and the lowest and highest estimation of prevalence are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with 1988, there has been a slight decrease in the prevalence of people with ID in the Netherlands, even though we included all age groups and even people with ID of who were not included in ID care services records. By using general practitioner databases it was possible to identify these not registered people with ID.
Assuntos
Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current changes in care philosophy and diversity in care arrangements caused the need for a new estimate of the number of people with intellectual disability (ID), based on recent data. Previous estimates were based on client registrations, which was thought unreliable at this time. This manuscript studies the question how many people with ID can be found in (part of) the Netherlands. METHODS: Identification of people with ID through a combination of general practice (GP) data bases and service registrations in the province of Limburg. RESULTS: The prevalence of people with ID appeared to be between 0.64% and 0.70%. About 0.21-0.27% were living with family or on their own; 55% of them did not use common ID services. CONCLUSION: Results are based on a combination of identification methods. Thirteen per cent of uncertain cases led to minimum and maximum estimates of the population. Limitations of the method and alternative ways of data collection are discussed.
Assuntos
Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Bases de Dados como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Características de Residência , Instituições Residenciais , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The experience with MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer is reviewed with emphasis on toxicity and efficacy. METHODS: We report on 28 patients with advanced, progressive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder (27) or ureter (1), treated with MVAC. RESULTS: The average number of cycles was 4.5. Leucopenia was the most frequent and severe side effect (18% WHO grade I, 46% GII, 19% GII and 4% GIV). Other side effects were acceptable and could be treated successfully. One patient (complete responder) died of a toxic cause (sepsis), a second patient (partial responder) died of an intestinal bleeding (not drug- or cancer-related). Complete response was seen in 10 patients (36%), partial response and stable disease in 4 patients each (14%), progression in 8 patients (29%), and 2 patients were not evaluable for response. However, relapses were frequent (8 of 12 remaining responders, 66%). Median survival of the whole group was 9 months (0-52), without a significant difference for responders and nonresponders (p = 0.29). CONCLUSION: Our results are comparable to data from the literature with regard to efficacy and toxicity, although detailed toxicity data are unfortunately not always available.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Uretrais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/mortalidade , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/normas , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/normas , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Leucopenia/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Metotrexato/normas , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Uretrais/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Vimblastina/normas , Vimblastina/uso terapêutico , Vômito/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Recent studies have suggested that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm. This study explores the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in buffy-coat samples of control subjects and of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The seroepidemiological association between abdominal aortic aneurysm and Chlamydia pneumoniae was also investigated. Buffy-coat samples and serum specimens were obtained from 88 patients and 88 control subjects. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in buffy-coat samples and measurement of IgG antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae in serum specimens were performed by polymerase chain reaction and microimmunofluorescence, respectively. Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA was detected in buffy-coat samples of 18 (20%) patients and 8 (9%) control subjects (adjusted odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1-8.5). IgG antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae were detected in 85 (97%) patients and 71 (81%) control subjects (adjusted odds ratio 7.2, 95% confidence interval 1.7-31). The results show an association between abdominal aortic aneurysm and either the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in buffy-coat samples or IgG antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae. These findings support the hypothesis that previous infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae might be a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm.