The rs6427384 and rs6692977 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Fc Receptor-Like 5 (FCRL5) Gene and the Risk of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Control Study in a Single Center in China.

BACKGROUND The study aimed to explore the genetic association of Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5) gene variants (rs6427384 and rs6692977) with ankylosing spondylitis risk in Chinese Han population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genotyping for FCRL5 gene variations rs6427384 and rs6692977 was implemented among 130 ankylosing spondylitis cases and 135 healthy persons, through polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Frequency dissimilarity for 2 polymorphisms was compared between 2 groups using chi-square test. The association strength of FCRL5 gene polymorphism with ankylosing spondylitis risk was estimated by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The frequencies of rs6427384 CC genotype and C allele were significantly lower in the case group than that in the control group (P<0.05), which suggested that C allele of rs6427384 polymorphism might offer protection against ankylosing spondylitis onset. Whereas only 2 genotypes of rs6692977 were detected in the control group, and no significant association was found with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS FCRL5 gene polymorphism rs6427384 was correlated to ankylosing spondylitis occurrence among Chinese Han population, while rs6692977 was not.

Tooth loss as a risk factor for dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 observational studies.

BACKGROUND: Tooth loss is suggested to be associated with an increased risk of dementia in many studies. But the relationship between tooth loss and dementia is not yet fully understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relative effect of tooth loss on dementia risk. METHODS: An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Knowledge was conducted in March 2018 to identify relevant observational studies with the English language restriction. Studies were included if they assessed the relationship between tooth loss and risk of dementia. Study quality was detected by the modified Downs and Black scale. Odds risks (ORs) were pooled using a random-effects model in the crude model. RESULTS: The literature search initially yielded 1574 articles, and 21 observational studies published between 1994 and 2017 were finally included for the analyses. The crude results with random-effects model showed that patients with multiple tooth loss had higher incidence of dementia (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.90-3.61, P < 0.001, I2 = 90.40%). The association remained noted when only adjusted results were pooled from 18 studies (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.41-1.70, P = 0.13, I2 = 28.00%). Meta-regression analysis showed that study design explained about 16.52% of heterogeneity in the crude model. The overall quality rating scores of studies ranged from 11 to 16. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this review evidenced that tooth loss is positively associated with an increased risk of dementia in adults. Future well-designed longitudinal researches examining the direct and indirect relationship between tooth loss and dementia risk are encouraged.

Effects of root exudates of bivalent transgenic cotton (Bt+CpTI) plants on antioxidant proteins and growth of conventional cotton (Xinluhan 33).

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the adverse impact of transgenic cotton on ecosystem and environment via effect of transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton root exudates on growth and antioxidant activity of conventional parental cotton. Results showed elevated reductive and oxidative species activities in the leaves of conventional parental cotton seedlings treated with varying concentrations of transgenic cotton root exudates. Compared to control, 14.9% to 39.9% increase in catalase, 8.8% to 114% increase in for peroxidase, 21.3% to 59.7% increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 5.8 to 19.5 fold in ascorbate specific peroxidase was observed. However, biomass and height of conventional cotton seedlings were not affected by any concentration of transgenic cotton root exudates. These results suggested that cultivation of transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton plants poses little risk to conventional parental cotton based on their root interactions.

[A feasibility research of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) using hybrid internal fixation for recurrent lumbar disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) using hybrid internal fixation of pedicle screws and a translaminar facet screw for recurrent lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2011, 16 recurrent lumbar disc herniation patients, 10 male and 6 female patients with an average age of 45 years (35-68 years) were treated with unilateral incision MIS-TLIF through working channel. After decompression, interbody fusion and fixation using unilateral pedicle screws, a translaminar facet screw was inserted from the same incision through spinous process and laminar to the other side facet joint. The results of perioperative parameters, radiographic images and clinical outcomes were assessed. The repeated measure analysis of variance was applied in the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disablity index (ODI). RESULTS: All patients MIS-TLIF were accomplished under working channel including decompression, interbody fusion and hybrid fixation without any neural complication. The average operative time was (148 ± 75) minutes, the average operative blood loss was (186 ± 226) ml, the average postoperative ambulation time was (32 ± 15) hours, and the average hospitalization time was (6 ± 4) days. The average length of incision was (29 ± 4) mm, and the average length of translaminar facets screw was (52 ± 6) mm. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months with a range of 12-24 months. The postoperative X-ray and CT images showed good position of the hybrid internal fixation, and all facets screws penetrate through facets joint. The significant improvement could be found in back pain VAS, leg pain VAS and ODI scores between preoperative 1 day and postoperative follow-up at all time-points (back pain VAS:F = 52.845, P = 0.000;leg pain VAS:F = 113.480, P = 0.000;ODI:F = 36.665, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation could be treated with MIS-TLIF using hybrid fixation through unilateral incision, and the advantage including less invasion and quickly recovery.

Case Report: Adult degenerative scoliosis in two patients treated with percutaneous spinal endoscopic-assisted lumbar interbody fusion and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is a serious disease that often affects middle-aged and elderly people. ADS does not only cause sagittal and coronal deformity of the lumbar spine but also causes severe back and leg pain secondary to the compression of the neural structures. Open surgery remains the main method for correcting the occurring deformity and decompression of the neural structures; however, its benefit is limited in cases of large trauma. Minimally invasive spinal (MIS) surgery is an alternative method that has recently witnessed rapid development. It has the advantage of providing rapid recovery with less trauma as compared to conventional open surgery. We report two cases of ADS treated with percutaneous spinal endoscopic-assisted lumbar interbody fusion (EALIF) and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. Both cases had moderate deformities of the lumbar spine (load-sharing classification 4-7 points) with severe back and leg pain, and they underwent successful MIS surgery. At 6 months of follow-up, the visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index scores of both patients improved and the deformity was corrected. For moderate ADS, percutaneous spinal EALIF and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation may achieve an effective correction of the deformity with direct decompression of neural structures.

Preparation, release profiles and antibacterial properties of vancomycin-loaded Ca-P coating titanium alloy plate.

The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of the Ca-P coating titanium alloy plate to be used as the vancomycin drug-delivery system by biomimetic coating technology. Through the X-ray diffraction study, the main components of the coatings were identified as octocalcium phosphate. The in vitro vancomycin release, bacteriostasis activity to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and osteoblast adhesion and proliferation test of vancomycin-loaded Ca-P coating plate were evaluated. The bacteriostatic activity of the vancomycin-loaded Ca-P coating plate showed a continuous drug release and had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the S. aureus. In vitro osteoblast culture results showed that the Ca-P coating plate loaded with or without the vancomycin both obviously promoted the osteoblast attachment. It was suggested that the vancomycin-loaded Ca-P coating may be compounded in the surface of the internal fixators to reduce the incidence of the implant-associated infection.

[A feasibility research of unilateral incision minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using pedicle screws and a translaminar screw hybrid fixation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of unilateral incision hybrid fixation using pedicle screws and a translaminar screw in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). METHODS: From January to June 2010, 18 patients with single-level lumbar disc disease were treated with MIS-TLIF under METRx(TM) X-tube. After decompression and fixation using unilateral pedicle screws, a translaminar screw was inserted from the same incision to the other side. The results of perioperative parameters, radiographic images and clinical outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: All patients underwent MIS-TLIF were accomplished unilateral hybrid fixation without any neural complication. The average operative time was (107 ± 19) min, the average operative blood loss was (62 ± 21) ml, and the average postoperative ambulation time was (21 ± 5) h. The average length of translaminar facets screw was (52 ± 2) mm, and the postoperative images showed all screws penetrate through facets joint. During the follow-up the visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores were significant improved compared with preoperative (F = 42.221 - 259.833, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral hybrid fixation could be completed through unilateral incision by pedicle screws and a translaminar screw in MIS-TLIF, and the advantage including less invasion, quickly recovery, short operative time, and saving fixation cost.

[Complication and treatment of the lumbar intervertebral disc herniation using percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and discuss the lapsus and the treatment of the lumbar intervertebral disc herniation using percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). METHODS: Between July 2002 and October 2010, 689 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation treated by PELD were analyzed, including 448 males, and 241 females. Single lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were 669 cases. double lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were 19; three lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were 1. Central type in 66, side central type in 365, lateral type in 242, extreme lateral type in 10, sequestered type in 6. These cases with complications in operation and postoperation were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: There were nucleus pulposus omissions in 5 patients and 2 patients underwent open resection of nucleus pulposus during operation immediately and the second operation was needed in 3 cases, 1 case with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and the others with open resection of nucleus pulposus. Two patients had nerve root injury, but all completely recovered in 3 - 6 months after operation. Spinal dura mater disruption was in 2 patients, recovered after suturing of skin wound. All 689 patients were followed up for 6 - 96 months, mean follow-up time was 33 months. Postoperative spondylodiscitis was in 7 patients, recovery after expectant treatment in 1, percutaneous puncture irrigation and drainage for continued use of local antibiotics in 4, posterior infective lumbar discectomy in 2. Postoperative relapse was in 6 patients, operated secondly by PELD in 4 and by TLIF in 2, recovery after the second operation. Nerve root induced hyperalgesia and burning-like nerve root pain was seen in 19 patients, the symptom was improved by analgesic drug, neurotrophy drug and physiotherapy. The effect of single segment PELD was not good in 10 patients with spinal stenosis, who underwent multiple segment TLIF later. CONCLUSIONS: The complications during operation usually are nucleus pulposus omissions, nerve root injury, spinal dura mater disruption. Accordingly the complications after operation include spondylodiscitis, recurrence, nerve root induced hyperalgesia or burning-like nerve root pain. Strict indication, aseptic technique, skilled operation and proper rehabilitation exercise are effective ways to reduce complications.

Vesselplasty versus vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with posterior wall rupture.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the effectiveness and safety of vesselplasty versus vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures with posterior wall rupture. METHODS: Patients who underwent treatment of a single osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with posterior wall rupture from January 2016 to February 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into a vesselplasty group (n = 17) and a vertebroplasty group (n = 43). Pain relief, radiographic outcomes, and bone cement leakage were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the operation time, postoperative pain relief, vertebral compression recovery, or local Cobb angle improvement between the two groups. However, the overall bone cement leakage rate (29.4% vs. 67.4%) and spinal canal leakage rate (0.0% vs. 30.2%) were significantly lower in the vesselplasty group than vertebroplasty group. CONCLUSIONS: Vesselplasty offers similar pain relief and vertebral compression recovery but lower spinal canal leakage compared with vertebroplasty. Vesselplasty is thus a better option than vertebroplasty for patients with osteoporotic compression fractures with posterior wall rupture.

[Vertebral column decancellation for the management of rigid scoliosis: the effectiveness and safety analysis].

OBJECTIVE: to explore the effectiveness and safety of vertebral column decancellation (VCD) for the management of rigid scoliosis. METHODS: from May 2004 to February 2008, 32 patients with rigid scoliosis underwent VCD were reviewed. There were 12 males and 20 females with an average age of 18 years (range, 10 - 56 years). The operation techniques included multilevel vertebral body decancellation and residual intervertebral disc resection, followed by realignment and posterior correction with pedicle screws. The effectiveness was evaluated by preoperative and postoperative radiography and three-dimensional CT scan reconstruction at final follow-up. The intraoperative and postoperative complications of all patients were recorded. RESULTS: a mean of 2.1 vertebrae were performed with VCD and a mean of 10.6 vertebral levels were instrumented and fused (range, 8 - 13 vertebrae). The mean duration of surgery was 270 minutes (range, 215 - 380 minutes). The average intraoperative blood loss was 1560 ml (range, 900 - 4800 ml). Complications were encountered in 4 patients. There were 2 cases with transient neurological deficits, 1 case with CSF leak, 1 case with epidural hematoma. The average time of follow-up was 31 months (range, 24 - 48 months). The correction rate was 61% on the coronal plane (from 108° to 42°), and the correction rate was 65% on the sagittal plane (from 82.0° to 28.7°). All patients had solid fusion at osteotomy site, and no instrumentational failure and loosening were found over the follow up. CONCLUSION: single stage posterior VCD is an effective option to manage rigid scoliosis.

[Modified posterior closing wedge osteotomy in patients of posttraumatic thoracic lumbar kyphosis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of posterior trans-pedicle + disc osteotomy in patients with post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis. METHODS: Between June 2000 and June 2003, 26 adult patients, 16 male and 10 female, average 30.6 years old (21 - 42 y), of post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis were corrected by means of single posterior trans-pedicle + disc osteotomy technique. Operation time, blood loss, and surgical complication were counted. Back pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Oswestry score and Frankel neurological grade were used to for clinical evaluation. All the radiographic and clinical data were requested at 3 time points (before operation, directly postoperatively, and at final follow-up). RESULTS: No severe complications were found in this group. Local kyphosis (T(10)-L(2) Cobb angle) was corrected from average 22.3 degrees +/- 3.5 degrees to 2.2 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees (corrective rate 90.1%). Intraoperative average blood loss was (680.0 +/- 31.5) ml and average operational time was (186.0 +/- 22.8) min. All the patients finished at least 3 - 5 years follow-up, Neural improvement achieved in this group (before operation Frankel D 12 cases, Frankel C 6 cases and Frankel B2 cases; 3 years postoperation Frankel E 14 cases, Frankel D 2 cases Frankel C1 case and Frankel B 1 case), postoperative back pain was reduced from preoperative 8.6 +/- 1.3 to 2.2 +/- 0.5 in VAS and Oswestry score improved from (62.5 +/- 8.6)% to (16.2 +/- 4.3)% at last follow up. CONCLUSION: Single posterior trans-pedicle + disc osteotomy technique is suitable to thoracolumbar post-traumatic kyphosis.

[Clinical outcomes of single level Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty: a prospective controlled study].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of single level Bryan cervical disc replacement with traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS: From Dec 2003 to May 2005, 59 patients with primary, single-level cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy were prospectively randomized into 2 groups: Bryan group with artificial disc replacement and ACDF group with traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Operation time, blood loss and hospitalization duration were compared between the 2 groups. Follow-up was taken at six weeks, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation, and each case in both groups was evaluated with serial radiographic studies, neck disability indices (NDI), visual analog scale scores (VAS) for arm and neck pain. RESULTS: No difference was found in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay between the 2 groups. But at the follow-up of 6 weeks and 3 months after operation, significant difference in NDI and VAS of neck pain existed. All replaced segments remained normal range of motion in sagittal rotation, while no motion occurred in any of the fusion segments. In ACDF group movement of the whole cervical spine decreased but gradually recovered to preoperative level in 6 months after operation. In Bryan group, pre- and postoperative motion of the whole cervical spine remained unchanged at any of the follow-up time. CONCLUSIONS: Bryan disc replacement can achieve similar clinical improvement compared with traditional ACDF. Arthroplasty has the advantages of motion maintenance for the cervical spine and short recovery time after operation.

Combined antibacterial and osteogenic in situ effects of a bifunctional titanium alloy with nanoscale hydroxyapatite coating.

To resolve the problems of bacterial infections and the low efficiency of osteogenesis of implanted titanium alloys in clinical dental and bone therapy, we developed a bifunctional titanium alloy (Ti) with a nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) coating (HBD + BMP/HA-Ti), which enables the sustained release of the natural antimicrobial peptide human ß-defensin 3 (HBD-3) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Due to the poriferous nano-sized structure of the HA coating with a 20-30 µm thickness, the HBD + BMP/HA-Ti material had a high encapsulation efficiency (>74%) and exhibited synchronized slow release of HBD-3 and BMP-2. In an antibacterial test, HBD + BMP/HA-Ti prevented the growth of bacteria in an inoculated medium, and its surface remained free from viable bacteria after a continuous incubation with Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains for 7 days. Furthermore, good adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in contact with HBD + BMP/HA-Ti were achieved in 7 days. Therefore, the bifunctional titanium alloy HBD + BMP/HA-Ti has a great potential for eventual applications in the protection of implants against bacteria in the orthopaedic and dental clinic.

[The inheritance of an ultra-dwarf plant mutant from upland cotton].

The inheritance of an ultra-dwarf plant mutant from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was studied, which showed that the mutant was controlled by single recessive quality gene. This gene was denominated as du tentatively. No similar mutant has been found in upland cotton. The mutation could not normally flower and produce bolls under natural conditions, and its mature height was only 10.5 cm. When treated with exogenous GA3, it could normally flower and boll, and plant height could reach 57.8 cm finally.

The mechanism of Naringin-enhanced remyelination after spinal cord injury.

Our previous study revealed that intragastric administration of naringin improved remyelination in rats with spinal cord injury and promoted the recovery of neurological function of the injured spinal cord. This study sought to reveal the mechanisms by which naringin improves oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and maturation, and promotes remyelination. Spinal cord injury was induced in rats by the weight-drop method. Naringin was intragastrically administered daily (20, 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks after spinal cord injury induction. Behavioral assessment, histopathological staining, immunofluorescence spectroscopy, ultrastructural analysis and biochemical assays were employed. Naringin treatment remarkably mitigated demyelination in the white matter, increased the quality of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin sheath thickness, promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by upregulating the expression of NKx2.2 and 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, and inhibited ß-catenin expression and glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) phosphorylation. These findings indicate that naringin treatment regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and promotes remyelination after spinal cord injury through the ß-catenin/GSK-3ß signaling pathway.

Neurotropin® alleviates hippocampal neuron damage through a HIF-1α/MAPK pathway.

AIMS: The main purpose was to verify the potent capacity of Neurotropin® against neuronal damage in hippocampus and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: HT22 cells were treated with 40 µmol/L Aß25-35 in the presence of various concentrations of Neurotropin® or in its absence. The cell viability was assessed with a CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis, intracellular ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Aß plaques were examined by Bielschowsky silver staining, and the activities of antioxidants were detected in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after Neurotropin® treatment. The expression of proteins, including HIF-1α, Bcl-2, Bax, and MAPKs signaling molecules was evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: Neurotropin® significantly reversed the cell injury induced by Aß25-35 through increasing cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, decreasing intracellular ROS and cell apoptosis of HT22 cells (P<.05). Furthermore, Neurotropin® markedly reduced the formation of Aß plaques and upregulated the activities of antioxidants (P<.05). Additionally, the protein expression of HIF-1α, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and p-P38 was significantly inhibited in hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS: Neurotropin® exhibited a potent neuroprotective effect on inhibiting Aß-induced oxidative damage and alleviating Aß deposition in hippocampus via modulation of HIF-1α/MAPK signaling pathway.

Recombinant adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptosis of neural stem cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of neural stem cells in vitro. METHODS: C17.2 neural stem cells cultured in vitro were infected by recombinant adenovirus containing VEGF gene and cultured under hypoxic condition. VEGF expression in these cells was detected by Western blotting, and the apoptotic index was calculated from results of triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the changes in the cell apoptotic rate after VEGF gene transfer, and the apoptotic bodies were observed under fluorescence microscope with Hoechst33342 staining. RESULTS: The expression of VEGF was significantly increased in pAdCMV VEGF(165)-infected cells, resulting in inhibition of the apoptosis of C17.2 neural stem cells induced by hypoxia manifested by a significantly lower apoptotic rate of the stem cells transfected by pAdCMV VEGF(165) than that of the untransfected cells (10.38%;+/-0.48%; vs 19.98 %;+/-0.55%;, P<0.01) and of the cells transfected with pAdCMV VEGF(165) along with VEGF anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (19.07%;+/-0.64%;, <0.01) after hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant adenovirus can efficiently mediate VEGF gene transfer into C17.2 neural stem cells, resulting in high expression of the exogenous VEGF in vitro, which effectively reduces C17.2 neural stem cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia.

[Characteristics of nerve root compression caused by degenerative lumbar stenosis with scoliosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors that may contribute to radiculopathy in degenerative lumbar stenosis with scoliosis (DLSS) and their association with the pattern of the scoliosis. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with DLSS were examined in our hospital. The symptomatic nerve roots were determined by pain distribution, and neurological findings. The compressive factors were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and myelography or radiculography. The pattern of scoliosis was determined by plain radiographs. Correlation between the affected nerve root and the compressive factors or the pattern of the scoliosis were then analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 27 patients, L3 root was affected in 6 patients, L4 root in 13 patients, L5 root in 15 patients, and S1 root in 9 patients. L3 and L4 roots were more compressed by foraminal or extraforaminal stenosis on the concave side of the curve, whereas L5 and S1 roots were commonly affected by lateral recess stenosis on the convex side. CONCLUSION: In DLSS, nerve root compression is not only seen on the concave side of the scoliosis, but also equally involved on the convex side. Most radiculopathy in DLSS distributes close to central sacral vertical line, which may be due to the abnormal weight-bearing for the pattern of scoliosis.

[Clinical report of cervical arthroplasty in management of spondylotic myelopathy].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate clinical effects and manual operational point of Bryan cervical disc prosthesis in Asian, to observe the stability and range of movement (ROM) postoperatively. METHODS: Bryan disc prosthesis replacement applied in 8 cases (10 levels) of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Clinical (JOA grade and Odom's scale) and radiological (X-ray of bending, extending; left and right bending position) follow-up was performed 3 months postoperatively, (mean follow-up 3.6 month). Systemic radiographic study about stability and ROM of replaced level post operationally were measured. CT or MRI scan were applied in all cases 3 months postoperatively to find out the excursion of the prosthesis and heterotopic-ossification in the replaced levels. RESULTS: At least 3 months follow-up were done in all this patients. There was no complication. Improvement in all of 8 patients according to the Odsm's scale. JOA score increased from average 8.8 to 15.8. There was no prosthesis subsidence or excursion. Replaced segment achieved stability and restored partial of normal ROM, 4.75 degrees (3.8 degrees approximately 5.8 degrees ) in flex and extension position and 3.38 degrees (2.3 degrees approximately 4.4 degrees ), 3.13 degrees (2.5 degrees approximately 4.1 degrees ) in left and right bending position. No obvious loss of lordosis was found. CT or MRI follow-up show excursion (<2 mm) in 1/10 levels; (<2 mm excursion <4 mm) in 1/10 levels, and no heterotopic ossification in the replaced levels. CONCLUSIONS: Byran cervical disc prosthesis restored motion to the level of the intact segment in flexion-extension and lateral bending in post operational images. At the same time, it can achieve good anterior decompression treatment effect and immediate stability in replaced 1 or 2 levels, and which is a new choice for the treatment of CSM in Asian.

[Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with allograft and internal fixation].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of cylindrical titanium mesh packing cancellous allograft in the anterior cervical fusion for the cervical spondylosis with anterior titanium plate. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with cervical spondylosis underwent diskectomy and cancellous allograft contained in cylindrical titanium mesh enhanced by anterior titanium plate system. Sixty-four patients were followed up clinically and radiographically. The mean follow-up time was (15.2 +/- 1.7) months. JOA scores and Nurick myelopathy grading system were used for clinical assessment. Roentgenograms were analyzed to identify the stability of fused levels. RESULTS: In all patients of 98 cases, the wounds were normally healed without acute or chronic infection. In statistical analysis of 64 patients followed up, the mean JOA scores was (11.6 +/- 1.8) preoperatively and improved to (16.0 +/- 1.2) at final follow-up (P < 0.05). And the mean Nurick grades were (2.7 +/- 0.7) and (0.7 +/- 0.8) before and after surgery respectively (P < 0.05). The X-ray films demonstrated that no meshes were found displacing or subsiding. New bone formation occurred in the back of meshes at 5 months after surgery. The final follow-up fusion rate was 95%. CONCLUSION: The cancellous allograft impacted into titanium meshes for cervical fusion has gained excellent or good results clinically and radiographically in short term follow-up.