[Step Fisher discriminant analysis on severe clinical features of hand foot and mouth disease between enterovirus (EV) 71 and other EV].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical features of severe hand foot and mouth disease between enterovirus (EV) 71 and other EV to find specific diagnosis index of EV71 severe hand foot and mouth disease. METHODS: Case definition were adopted from national guideline of hand foot and mouth disease diagnose (Version 2010). Clinical data of severe hand foot and mouth disease came from case history and contents of questionnaire would include the ones between the time of onset and diagnoses being made. EV and EV71, Cox A16 nucleic acid tested were by RT-PCR in stool samples. Clinical features of severe hand foot and mouth disease between EV71 and other EV were compare. RESULTS: There appeared statistical differences between neurologic symptoms such as tremor, myoclonic jerk, listlessness, convulsion and white blood cell counts in CSF (P < 0.05). Results from the step Fisher discriminant analysis showed only tremor and white blood cell had an increase in CSF, with statistically significant differences. The discriminant equation of EV71 was Y = 3.059X(1) + 3.83X(5) - 2.742 and the equation of other EV was Y = 1.634X(1) + 1.623X(5) - 1.693. The specificity of EV71 was 91% and the specificity of other EV was 40%. CONCLUSION: The increase of clinical features of tremor and white blood cell in CSF could be used as diagnosis index of severe EV71.

[Simultaneous determination of residues of malachite green, crystal violet and their leuco metabolites in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the residues of malachite green (MG), eucomalachite green (LMG), crystal violet (CV) and leucocrystal violet (LCV) in aquatic products. The target analytes were extracted from homogenized samples with a mixture of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer, partitioned against methylene chloride, and purified on tandem neutral alumina and PRS solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using a ZORBAX SB-C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate (0.5 mmol/L) and acetonitrile (10: 90, v/v) without on-line post-column oxidation with PbO2 which had been widely used in the previous methods. Identification and quantification were performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with one precursor ion, and two product ions for each analyte and electrospray ionization in positive mode. The limits of detection were 0.5 ng/g. The recoveries were in the range of 77.6% - 98.1%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the method is suitable for the determination of residues of MG, LMG, CV and LCV in aquatic products.