[Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Combined With Interventional Thrombectomy for Treating High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism Caused by Protein C Deficiency:Report of One Case].

Hereditary protein C deficiency is a chromosomal genetic disease caused by mutations in the protein C gene,which can lead to venous thrombosis and is mostly related to mutations in exons 4-9 and intron 8.Fatal pulmonary embolism caused by mutations in the protein C gene is rare,and the treatment faces great challenges.This article reports a case of fatal pulmonary embolism caused by a frameshift mutation in exon 8 of the protein C gene and summarizes the treatment experience of combining extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (for respiratory and circulatory support) with interventional thrombectomy,providing a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Electronic Metal-Support Interaction Induces Hydrogen Spillover and Platinum Utilization in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The substantial promotion of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance relies on the breakup of the Sabatier principle, which can be achieved by the alternation of the support and electronic metal support interaction (EMSI) is noticed. Due to the utilization of tungsten disulfides as support for platinum (Pt@WS2), surprisingly, Pt@WS2 demands only 31 mV overpotential to attain 10 mA cm-2 in acidic HER test, corresponding to a 2.5-fold higher mass activity than benchmarked Pt/C. The pH dependent electrochemical measurements associated with H2-TPD and in-situ Raman spectroscopy indicate a hydrogen spillover involved HER mechanism is confirmed. The WS2 support triggers a higher hydrogen binding strength for Pt leading to the increment in hydrogen concentration at Pt sites proved by upshifted d band center as well as lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen, favourable for hydrogen spillover. Besides, the WS2 shows a comparably lower effect on Gibbs free energy for different Pt layers (-0.50 eV layer-1) than carbon black (-0.88 eV layer-1) contributing to a better Pt utilization. Also, the theoretical calculation suggests the hydrogen spillover occurs on the 3rd Pt layer in Pt@WS2; moreover, the energy barrier is lowered with increment in hydrogen coverage on Pt.

1.7†µm sub-200 fs vortex beams generation from a thulium-doped all-fiber laser.

The pulsed 1.7 µm vortex beams (VBs) has significant research prospects in the fields of imaging and material processing. We experimentally demonstrate the generation of sub-200 fs pulsed VBs at 1.7 µm based on a home-made mode-selective coupler (MSC). Through dispersion management technology in a thulium-doped fiber laser, the stable linearly polarized VBs pulse directly emitting from the cavity is measured to be 186 fs with central wavelength of 1721.2 nm. By controlling the linear superposition of LP11 modes, cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) can also be obtained. In addition, a variety of bound states pulsed VBs at 1.7 µm can also be observed. Our finding provides an effective way to generate ultrashort pulsed VBs and CVBs at 1.7 µm waveband.

Morphological and Coordination Modulations in Iridium Electrocatalyst for Robust and Stable Acidic OER Catalysis.

Proton exchange membrane water splitting (PEMWS) technology has high-level current density, high operating pressure, small electrolyzer-size, integrity, flexibility, and has good adaptability to the volatility of wind power and photovoltaics, but the development of both active and high stability of the anode electrocatalyst in acidic environment is still a huge challenge, which seriously hinders the promotion and application of PEMWS. In recent years, researchers have made tremendous attempts in the development of high-quality active anode electrocatalyst, and we summarize some of the research progress made by our group in the design and synthesis of PEMWS anode electrocatalysts with different nanostructures, and makes full use of electrocatalytic activity points to increase the inherent activity of Iridium (Ir) sites, and provides optimization strategies for the long-term non-decay of catalysts under high anode potential in acidic environments. At this stage, these research advances are expected to facilitate the research and technological progress of PEMWS, and providing some research ideas and references for future research on efficient and inexpensive PEMWS anode electrocatalysts.

Pheochromocytoma crisis with refractory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Takotsubo syndrome, emergency adrenalectomy, and need for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in a previously undiagnosed and asymptomatic patient, due to the use of metoclopramide.

BACKGROUND: Pheochromocytoma (PCC) crisis is a rare life-threatening endocrine emergency. The diagnosis and treatment of PCC crisis, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as the first manifestation, is highly challenging, and traditional PCC management strategies are no longer suitable for these patients. CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old female patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) following sudden-onset acute respiratory distress and subsequent initiation of mechanical ventilation via endotracheal intubation. She was initially suspected of having a PCC crisis through the bedside critical care ultrasonic examination protocol. The computed tomography examination revealed a left adrenal neoplasm of 6.5cm × 5.9cm. The plasma-free metanephrine level was 100 times higher than the reference value. These findings were compatible with her PCC diagnosis. Alpha-blockers and fluid intake were started immediately. The endotracheal intubation was removed on the 11th day after admission to the ICU. The patient progressed to severe ARDS again, and invasive ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy were needed. Despite aggressive therapy, her condition deteriorated. Therefore, she underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO)-assisted emergency adrenalectomy after multidisciplinary discussion. Postoperatively, the patient was supported by VA-ECMO for 7days. She was discharged from the hospital on day 30 after tumor resection. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlighted the challenges in diagnosing and managing ARDS associated with PCC crisis. The traditional preoperative preparation protocol and optimal operation timing for patients with PCC are not suitable for patients with PCC crisis. Patients with life-threatening PCC crisis may benefit from early tumor removal, and VA-ECMO could maintain hemodynamic stability during and after surgery.

Effect of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Patients With Low Back Pain: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on pain intensity, functional mobility, and kinesiophobia in individuals with low back pain (LBP). DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception until November 25, 2022. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible randomized controlled trials contained information on the population (LBP), intervention (rPMS), and outcomes (pain intensity, functional mobility, and kinesiophobia). Participants in the rPMS intervention group were compared with those in sham or other control groups. Two independent researchers searched for, screened, and qualified the articles. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent researchers extracted key information from each eligible study. The authors' names, year of publication, setting, total sample size, rPMS parameters, baseline/mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted using a standardized form, and the methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database score and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 733 studies identified, 6 randomized controlled trials (n = 139) were included for meta-analysis. Compared with sham rPMS or other therapy, rPMS showed significant efficacy in reducing pain intensity (visual analog scale: MD, -1.89; 95% CI, -3.32 to -0.47; P<.05; very low-quality evidence). Significant efficacy was also found in terms of functional disability (Oswestry Disability Index: MD, -8.39; 95% CI, -13.65 to -3.12; P<.001; low-quality evidence). However, there was no statistically significant between-group difference on the Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (MD, -1.81; 95% CI, -7.60 to 3.98; P>.05; very low-quality evidence). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found very low- to low-quality evidence that rPMS can be used to reduce pain intensity and improve functional disability in individuals with LBP. However, no significant effect of rPMS on kinesiophobia was found.

The Effectiveness of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Patients with Neuropathic Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in the treatment of neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP). The consistency of its therapeutic efficacy with the optimal protocol is highly debatable. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of rTMS on pain intensity, psychological conditions, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with NOP based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We carefully screened and browsed 5 medical databases from inception to January 1, 2022. The study will be included that use of rTMS as the intervention for patients with NOP. Two researchers independently completed record retrieval, data processing, and evaluation of methodological quality. Quality and evidence were assessed using the PEDro scores and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: Six RCTs with 214 participants were included in this systematic review: 2 studies were considered level 1 evidence, and 4 were considered level 2 evidence. Six studies found that high-frequency rTMS had a pain-relieving effect, while 4 studies found no improvement in psychological conditions and QOL. Quality of evidence (GRADE system) ranged from moderate to high. No significant side effects were found. Conclusions: There is moderate-to-high evidence to prove that high-frequency rTMS is effective in reducing pain in individuals with NOP, but it has no significant positive effect on psychological conditions and QOL. High-frequency rTMS can be used as an alternative treatment for pain in individuals with NOP, but further studies will be conducted to unify treatment parameters, and the sample size will be expanded to explore its influence on psychological conditions and QOL.

SARS-CoV-2 Is Not Detectable in the Vaginal Fluid of Women With Severe COVID-19 Infection.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spread mainly through respiratory droplets or direct contact. However, the infection condition of the genital system is unknown. Our aim in this study was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 is present in the vaginal fluid of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Ten women with confirmed severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the Tongji Zhongfa Hospital intensive care unit from 4 February 2020 through 24 February 2020 were included. Clinical records, laboratory results, and computed tomography examinations were retrospectively reviewed. The potential for genital infection was accessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluids obtained from vaginal swab samples. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaginal fluids. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics of the 10 women were similar to those reported in other severe COVID-19 patients. All 10 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluid, and all samples tested negative for the virus. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this small group of cases suggest that SARS-CoV-2 virus does not exist in the vaginal fluids of severe COVID-19 patients.

Development and validation of a diagnostic model for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objectives: The lymph node status is crucial for guiding the surgical approach for patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma (LHC). Nonetheless, occult lymph node metastasis presents challenges to assessment and treatment planning. This study seeks to develop and validate a diagnostic model for evaluating cervical lymph node status in LHC patients. Materials and methods: This study retrospectively analyzed a total of 285 LHC patients who were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, from January 2015 to December 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to construct the predictive model. Discrimination and calibration were used to assess the predictive performance of the model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical utility of the model, and validation was conducted using 10-fold cross-validation, Leave-One-Out Cross Validation, and bootstrap methods. Results: This study identified significant predictors of lymph node metastasis in LHC. A diagnostic predictive model was developed and visualized using a nomogram. The model demonstrated excellent discrimination, with a C-index of 0.887 (95% CI: 0.835-0.933). DCA analysis indicated its practical applicability, and multiple validation methods confirmed its fitting and generalization ability. Conclusion: This study successfully established and validated a diagnostic predictive model for cervical lymph node metastasis in LHC. The visualized nomogram provides a convenient tool for personalized prediction of cervical lymph node status in patients, particularly in the context of occult cervical lymph node metastasis, offering valuable guidance for clinical treatment decisions.

Effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial transient receptor potential channels in mice with myocardial hypertrophy. / ç”µé’ˆå¯¹å¿ƒè‚Œè‚¥åŽšå°é¼ å¿ƒè‚Œç»„ç»‡çž¬æ—¶å—ä½“ç”µä½é€šé“çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan"(PC6) on cardiac function, cardiac morphology and transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) protein expressions in myocardial tissue of mice with myocardial hypertrophy, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of myocardial hypertrophy. METHODS: Forty-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups (15 mice/group). The myocardial hypertrophy model was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride (15 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 14 days. The mice of the control group received subcutaneous injection of same amount of normal saline. The mice of the EA group received EA stimulation (frequency of 2 Hz, intensity of 1 mA) of bilateral PC6 for 20 min each time, once a day for 14 consecutive days. After the intervention, the body weight, tibia length and heart weight were measured. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening index (FS), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVEV), left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter (LVID) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) were measured by using echocardiography for evaluating the cardiac function. The mean number and surface area of myocardial cells was detected by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining, and changes of the cardiac morphology were observed under light microscopy after HE staining. The expression levels of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 (TRPC1/3/4/6) in the myocardial tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, separately. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the heart-body weight ratio(P<0.05) and heart-weight-to-tibia-length ratio (P<0.01), LVEV and LVID levels, the relative surface area, left ventricular area ratio, and the expression levels of cardiac TRPC1/3/4/6 were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the EF, FS, LVPW, number of cardiomyocytes, and the left ventricular posterior wall ratio were obviously decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the heart/body weight ratio, heart-weight-to-tibia-length ratio, LVEV and LVID levels, relative surface area, left ventricular area ratio, and the expression levels of cardiac TRPC1/3/4/6 were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the EF, FS, LVPW, number of cardiomyocytes and left ventricular posterior wall ratio were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the EA group. H.E. staining showed disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes and obvious myocardial interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group, and evident reduction of degree of cardiac fibrosis and interstitial edema in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS: EA of PC6 can improve the cardiac function and cardiac morphology in mice with myocardial hypertrophy, which may be related to its functions in down-regulating the expression of transient receptor potential channels.

Built-in Electric Field in 1D/2D Heterostructure Boosts Zinc Air Battery Performance.

The realization of a rechargeable zinc-air battery (ZAB) is hindered by the low intrinsic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities. In this work, an abundant built-in electric field is noticed in a 1D/2D CoO/CoS2 heterostructure, triggering electron transfer from CoO to CoS2 associated with a downshifted d band center of the Co atom mitigating the strong electrochemical adsorption of *OH species on active sites; thereby, boosted OER and ORR performance are achieved. Namely, the OER specific activity of CoO/CoS2 is enhanced by 3.8- and 2.2-fold compared to the counterpart of CoO and CoS2, respectively. Furthermore, the kinetic current density of CoO/CoS2, a fingerprint of intrinsic ORR activity, is promoted by 46 and 6.6 times relative to CoO and CoS2. The rechargeable ZAB performance attains 215.6 mW cm-2, 1.6-times better than Pt/C-IrO2. Moreover, the superior performance remained for 600 h. Besides, the battery performance of the all-solid-state ZAB reaches 83.8 mW cm-2, revealing its promising application in wearable device.

Liver stiffness in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis patients: Hepatitis B virus infection and transaminases should be considered.

BACKGROUND: Liver condition is a crucial prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but a convenient and comprehensive method to assess liver condition is lacking. Liver stiffness (LS) measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography may help in assessing liver fibrosis and liver condition. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is an important risk factor for HCC progression, but LS was found to be less reliable in assessing liver fibrosis following hepatitis viral eradication. We hypothesize that the status of hepatitis virus infection would affect the accuracy of LS in assessing the liver condition. AIM: To test the feasibility and impact factors of using LS to assess liver condition in patients with HCC and CHB. METHODS: A total of 284 patients were retrospectively recruited and classified into two groups on the basis of serum CHB virus hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels [HBV-DNA ≥ 100.00 IU/mL as Pos group (n = 200) and < 100.00 IU/mL as Neg group (n = 84)]. Correlation analyses and receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between LS and liver condition. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between LS and most of the parameters considered to have the ability to evaluate liver condition (P < 0.05). When alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were normal (≤ 40 U/L), LS was correlated with liver condition indices (P < 0.05), but the optimal cutoff of LS to identify a Child-Pugh score of 5 was higher in the Neg group (9.30 kPa) than the Pos group (7.40 kPa). When ALT levels were elevated (> 40 U/L), the correlations between LS and liver condition indices were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: LS was significantly correlated with most liver condition indices in patients with CHB and HCC. However, these correlations varied according to differences in HBV-DNA and transaminase concentrations.

Utilizing press needle acupuncture to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: In China, acupuncture has been employed as an adjunctive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Press needle acupuncture is a special type of acupuncture that provides prolonged stimulation to acupuncture points and simultaneously reduces the pain associated with traditional acupuncture. This study assessed the effectiveness of integrating press needles alongside pharmacologic treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS: Patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms between December 2022 and January 2023 were included in the study. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive pharmacologic treatment alone (control group) or both pharmacologic treatment and press needle acupuncture (intervention group). Patients were evaluated for clinical outcomes, including symptom scores, deterioration rates, fever durations, and nucleic acid test results. The patients' complete blood count and C-reactive protein levels were also analyzed using venous blood samples both before and after treatment. RESULTS: Both groups exhibited a reduction in clinical symptom scores, but symptoms regressed faster in the intervention group. Nucleic acid test negativity was achieved faster in the intervention group than in the control group. The intervention group also had a lower deterioration rate. Furthermore, the increase in the lymphocyte count and decrease in C-reactive protein levels following treatment were more pronounced in the intervention group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that utilizing press needle acupuncture as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment can be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms.

Oxygen vacancies in Bi2WO6 enable robust nitrate reduction reaction catalysis.

The faradaic efficiency of Bi2WO6 is 62.0% at -0.3 V vs. RHE, an improvement of 1.4- and 1.8-times relative to Bi2O3 and WO3 for the nitrate reduction reaction. In addition, the catalysis occurring on Bi2WO6 follows the pathway: *NO3-*NO2-*NO-*NOH-*HNOH-*H2NOH-*NH3, as verified by operando Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.

Identification and characterization of antifungal active substances of Streptomyces hygroscopicus BS-112.

An antifungal Actinomyces BS-112 strain, with Aspergillus flavus as the target pathogen, was isolated from soil in the forest land of Mountain Tai. This strain showed a strong antagonistic activity against various mold fungi in food and feed. Strain BS-112 was identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus based on its morphologic, cultural, physiological, biochemical characteristics, cell wall components and 16S rDNA sequence. Four active components were separated and purified from strain BS-112. These four antifungal components were identified as tetrins A and B and tetramycins A and B using spectroscopic analysis including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Tetrins A and B and tetramycins A and B strongly inhibited the growth of A. flavus, A. alutaceus, A. niger, and A. fumigatus in vitro.

Modulation in the d Band of Ir by Core-Shell Construction for Robust Water Splitting Electrocatalysts in Acid.

The realization of commercialization of proton electrolyte membrane water splitting technology significantly depends on the anodic electrocatalyst working at a high potential and strong acidic conditions requiring superior oxygen evolution reaction activity and stability. In this work, we devise the construction of ultrasmall Pd@Ir core-shell nanoparticles (5 nm) with atomic layer Ir (3 atomic layers) on carbon nanotubes (Pd@Ir/CNT) as an exceptional bifunctional electrocatalyst in acidic water splitting. Due to the core-shell structure, strain generated at heterointerfaces leads to an upshifted d band center of Ir atoms contributing to a 62-fold better mass activity at 1.63 V vs RHE than commercial IrO2; besides, the electronic hybridization suppresses the electrochemical dissolution of Ir; as a result, robust stability is also achieved. In hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis, Pd@Ir/CNT exhibits a 3.7 times higher mass activity than Pt/C. Furthermore, only 1.7 V is required to reach a water splitting current density of 100 mA cm-2, 251 mV lower than that of Pt/C-IrO2, indicating its superiority in acidic water splitting.

2D Ni-organic frameworks decorated carbon nanotubes encapsulated Ni nanoparticles for robust CN and HO bonds cleavage.

In this work, we report a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst composed of 2D Ni- organic frameworks (Ni-MOF) and nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Ni-MOF@Ni-NCNT) for CN and HO bonds dissociation. Due to the presence of Ni-NCNT, adsorption of OH- species is enhanced and CO2 binding strength is simultaneously weakened leading to a boosted urea oxidation reaction performance reflected by decrement in potential at 100 mA cm-2 by 69 mV. The loosened binding strength with CO2 specie is highlighted by in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test and DFT calculation. Moreover, the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of Ni-MOF@Ni-NCNT is better than Ni-MOF and Ni-NCNT evidenced by the overpotential at 50 mA cm-2 decreased by 224 mV and 900 mV ascribed to the synergistic effect, in which Ni-MOF, Ni nanoparticles and Ni-Nx-C facilitates water adsorption, dissociation and adsorption/combination of hydrogen ions, respectively. The assembled HER- urea oxidation reaction (UOR) system requires only 1.33 V to reach 10 mA cm-2, 70 mV lower than water splitting driven by Pt/C-IrO2.

Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Electron Beam Irradiation Against Rhizopus oryzae.

Electron beam irradiation is a physical fungicidal technique that has emerged as a potential application in China. However, its antifungal activity and mechanism against Rhizopus oryzae have not been reported. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and mechanism of electron beam irradiation of R. oryzae. The antifungal activity analysis showed that the D10 value and complete elimination dose of R. oryzae irradiated by electron beam were 1.73 kGy and 8.08 kGy, respectively. Electron beam irradiation has a strong inhibitory effect on the filamentous biomass of R. oryzae. To reveal the antifungal mechanism of electron beam against R. oryzae, this study analyzed the dynamic changes in the cell wall, cell membrane, and oxidative stress induced by different irradiation doses. The results showed that electron beam irradiation destroyed the cell wall structure of R. oryzae, increasing chitinase activity and decreasing chitin content. Cell membrane integrity is disrupted, increasing relative conductivity, decreasing pH values, and decreasing soluble protein content. Electron beam irradiation causes oxidative stress in cells, increasing H2O2 content, decreasing antisuperoxide anion activity, decreasing DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and inhibiting defense enzyme (CAT and SOD) activity. This phenomenon indicates that electron beams can cause structural damage to and metabolic dysfunction of cells and disorders of redox homeostasis, which may be the main cause of growth inhibition and cell death in R. oryzae.

Hydrazine-Assisted Acidic Water Splitting Driven by Iridium Single Atoms.

Water splitting, an efficient technology to produce purified hydrogen, normally requires high cell voltage (>1.5 V), which restricts the application of single atoms electrocatalyst in water oxidation due to the inferior stability, especially in acidic environment. Substitution of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) effectually reduces the overall voltage. In this work, the utilization of iridium single atom (Ir-SA/NC) as robust hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and HzOR electrocatalyst in 0.5 m H2 SO4 electrolyte is reported. Mass activity of Ir-SA/NC is as high as 37.02 A mgIr -1 at overpotential of 50 mV in HER catalysis, boosted by 127-time than Pt/C. Besides, Ir-SA/NC requires only 0.39 V versus RHE to attain 10 mA cm-2 in HzOR catalysis, dramatically lower than OER (1.5 V versus RHE); importantly, a superior stability is achieved in HzOR. Moreover, the mass activity at 0.5 V versus RHE is enhanced by 83-fold than Pt/C. The in situ Raman spectroscopy investigation suggests the HzOR pathway follows *N2 H4 →*2NH2 →*2NH→2N→*N2 →N2 for Ir-SA/NC. The hydrazine assisted water splitting demands only 0.39 V to drive, 1.25 V lower than acidic water splitting.