The effects of exercise on FGF21 in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key hormone factor that regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis. Exercise may regulate its effects and affect disease states. Therefore, we sought to determine how exercise affects FGF21 concentrations in adults. Methods: The review was registered in the International Prospective Systematic Review (PROSPERO, CRD42023471163). The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies through July 2023. Studies that assessed the effects of exercise training on FGF21 concentration in adults were included. The random effect model, data with standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the pooled effect size of exercise training on FGF21. The risk of heterogeneity and bias were evaluated. A total of 12 studies involving 401 participants were included. Results: The total effect size was 0.3 (95% CI [-0.3-0.89], p = 0.33) when comparing participants who exercised to those who were sedentary. However, subgroup analysis indicated that concurrent exercise and a duration ≥10 weeks significantly decreased FGF21 concentrations with an effect size of -0.38 (95% CI [-0.74--0.01], p < 0.05) and -0.38 (95% CI [-0.63--0.13], p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion: Concurrent exercise and longer duration may be more efficient way to decrease FGF21 concentrations in adults with metabolic disorder.

The impact of sprint interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on blood pressure and cardiorespiratory health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although aerobic exercise is the primary modality recommended for the treatment of hypertension, it remains unclear whether high-intensity all-out sprint interval training (SIT) can result in greater reductions of blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory health. This systematic review aims to compare the impact of SIT versus Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on improvements in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) among adults. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of three online databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) from January 2000 to July 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the chronic effects of SIT versus MICT on BP in participants with high or normal blood pressure. We extracted information on participant characteristics, exercise protocols, BP outcomes, and intervention settings. Furthermore, the changes in VO2 max between the two groups were analyzed using a meta-analysis. The pooled results were presented as weighted means with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Out of the 1,874 studies initially were found, eight were included in this review, totaling 169 participants. A significant decrease in SBP (MD = -2.82 mmHg, 95% CI [-4.53 to -1.10], p = 0.08, I2 =45%) was observed in the SIT group compared to before the training, but no significant decrease in DBP (MD = -0.75 mmHg, 95% CI [-1.92 to 0.42], p = 0.16, I2 = 33%) was observed. In contrast, both SBP (MD = -3.00 mmHg, 95% CI [-5.31 to -0.69], p = 0.68, I2 = 0%) and DBP (MD = -2.11 mmHg, 95% CI [-3.63 to -0.60], p = 0.72, I2 = 0%) significantly decreased in the MICT group with low heterogeneity. No significant difference was found in resting SBP and DBP between SIT and MICT after the intervention. Both SIT and MICT significantly increased VO2 peak, with SIT resulting in a mean difference (MD) of 1.75 mL/kg/min (95% CI [0.39-3.10], p = 0.02, I2 = 61%), and MICT resulting in a mean difference of 3.10 mL/kg/min (95% CI [1.03-5.18], p = 0.007, I2 = 69%). MICT was more effective in improving VO2 peak (MD = -1.36 mL/kg/min, 95% CI [-2.31 to 0.40], p = 0.56, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis of duration and single sprint time showed that SIT was more effective in reducing SBP when the duration was ≥8 weeks or when the sprint time was <30 s. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that SIT is an effective intervention in reducing BP and improving cardiorespiratory fitness among adults. Consequently, SIT can be used in combination with traditional MICT to increase the variety, utility, and time efficiency of exercise prescriptions for different populations.

[Study on influencing factors of valid patents of compound traditional Chinese medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases on base of regression analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors for the maintenance of valid patents of compound traditional Chinese medicines in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. METHOD: Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the influencing factors for the maintenance of valid patents. RESULT: The maintenance of valid patents of compound traditional Chinese medicines in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was closely related to many factors, such as their invention, patent rights' transfer, patent claims and patent declaration documents. CONCLUSION: The maintenance of valid patents of compound traditional Chinese medicines in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases depends on many factors, such as centralization of efficacy of components of patent compound traditional Chinese medicines, increasing number of dependent claims, and supply of new dosage form and detailed experimental data. Therefore, the transfer of patent rights is of great significance to the maintenance of patents.

Comparison of osteogenic activity from different parts of induced membrane in the Masquelet technique.

BACKGROUND: The Masquelet technique is widely used to treat long-bone segmental defects because of its high success rate and low surgical difficulty. However, the cause of the uneven growth of bone grafts following this procedure remains unclear. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into four groups for analysis 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-weeks postoperatively and underwent a uniform surgical procedure to construct a 10 mm bone defect in the right posterior branch of the femur. Induced membrane specimens were harvested at the appropriate time points and divided into segments according to their location. Bone growth activity was assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Mature blood vessels were more densely distributed at the proximal end of the bone defect than at other locations at all time points. The number of blood vessels on the same side of the longitudinal axis of the femur also varied depending on location. The difference between the proximal-anterior and distal-anterior regions within the induced membranes was most pronounced at 6 weeks postoperatively and decreased by 8 weeks postoperatively. The differences between the proximal-posterior and distal-posterior regions within the induced membranes were more pronounced. The expression of the growth factors bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), and transforming growth factor-ß1(TGF-ß1) in the proximal-posterior regions of the bone defect was almost always higher than that in other regions at the same time point. The expression of BMP-2 in the posterior regions of the bone defect was always higher than that in the anterior regions at the same end of the femoral longitudinal axis. CONCLUSION: The number and maturation of vessels in the proximal region of the induced membrane at the bone defect site were higher than those in the distal region, and the expression of growth factors was higher, with the highest induced membrane activity in the proximal-posterior regions of the bone defect. Therefore, there was inhomogeneity in induced membrane activity.

Monitoring of Maximum Oxygen Intake of Breathing and Heart Rate in Exercise Training Based on Regression Equations.

In order to provide a new reference method and basis for the physical testing study in healthy adults aged 40∼and 49, this paper proposes a regression equation-based monitoring study of exercise training breathing and heart rate. Sixty four subjects (30 males and 34 females), aged 40∼and 49 years, were selected. First, the subjects were screened by relevant health test and medical questionnaire to exclude the subjects with exercise contraindications and high-intensity exercise; then, the incremental load test was directly measured by gas analysis, and then, the subjects who completed the maximum oxygen intake test were tested twice, the corresponding heart rate value was recorded, and walking time were averaged for calculation. We show that the regression analysis of each index yielded regression equations and cross-validation regression equations show correlation statistics for measured and inferred maximum oxygen intake of RLOOCV = 0.826 and SEELOOCV = 0.378 (L/min). The equation can effectively speculate on the maximum oxygen intake of 40∼in healthy adults aged 49, with the advantages of efficient, low cost, fast, and convenient.