RESUMO
The cleavage of zygotes generates totipotent blastomeres. In human 8-cell blastomeres, zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs to initiate the ontogenesis program. However, capturing and maintaining totipotency in human cells pose significant challenges. Here, we realize culturing human totipotent blastomere-like cells (hTBLCs). We find that splicing inhibition can transiently reprogram human pluripotent stem cells into ZGA-like cells (ZLCs), which subsequently transition into stable hTBLCs after long-term passaging. Distinct from reported 8-cell-like cells (8CLCs), both ZLCs and hTBLCs widely silence pluripotent genes. Interestingly, ZLCs activate a particular group of ZGA-specific genes, and hTBLCs are enriched with pre-ZGA-specific genes. During spontaneous differentiation, hTBLCs re-enter the intermediate ZLC stage and further generate epiblast (EPI)-, primitive endoderm (PrE)-, and trophectoderm (TE)-like lineages, effectively recapitulating human pre-implantation development. Possessing both embryonic and extraembryonic developmental potency, hTBLCs can autonomously generate blastocyst-like structures in vitro without external cell signaling. In summary, our study provides key criteria and insights into human cell totipotency.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Spliceossomos , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Blastocisto/metabolismo , Blastocisto/citologia , Blastômeros/metabolismo , Blastômeros/citologia , Reprogramação Celular , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Camadas Germinativas/metabolismo , Camadas Germinativas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/citologia , Splicing de RNA , Spliceossomos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Totipotentes/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Totipotentes/citologia , Zigoto/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Genoma Humano , Análise de Célula Única , Fator 15 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/química , Fator 15 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/genética , Fator 15 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/metabolismo , Epigenômica , Linhagem da CélulaRESUMO
Endometrial decidualization connecting embryo implantation and placentation is transient but essential for successful pregnancy, which, however, is not systematically investigated. Here, we use a scStereo-seq technology to spatially visualize and define the dynamic functional decidual hubs assembled by distinct immune, endothelial, trophoblast, and decidual stromal cells (DSCs) in early pregnant mice. We unravel the DSC transdifferentiation trajectory and surprisingly discover a dual-featured type of immune-featured DSCs (iDSCs). We find that immature DSCs attract immune cells and induce decidual angiogenesis at the mesenchymal-epithelial transition hub during decidualization initiation. iDSCs enable immune cell recruitment and suppression, govern vascularization, and promote cytolysis at immune cell assembling and vascular hubs, respectively, to establish decidual homeostasis at a later stage. Interestingly, dysfunctional and spatially disordered iDSCs cause abnormal accumulation of immune cells in the vascular hub, which disrupts decidual hub specification and eventually leads to pregnancy complications in DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice.
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Different functional regions of brain are fundamental for basic neurophysiological activities. However, the regional specification remains largely unexplored during human brain development. Here, by combining spatial transcriptomics (scStereo-seq) and scRNA-seq, we built a spatiotemporal developmental atlas of multiple human brain regions from 6-23 gestational weeks (GWs). We discovered that, around GW8, radial glia (RG) cells have displayed regional heterogeneity and specific spatial distribution. Interestingly, we found that the regional heterogeneity of RG subtypes contributed to the subsequent neuronal specification. Specifically, two diencephalon-specific subtypes gave rise to glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, whereas subtypes in ventral midbrain were associated with the dopaminergic neurons. Similar GABAergic neuronal subtypes were shared between neocortex and diencephalon. Additionally, we revealed that cell-cell interactions between oligodendrocyte precursor cells and GABAergic neurons influenced and promoted neuronal development coupled with regional specification. Altogether, this study provides comprehensive insights into the regional specification in the developing human brain.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Transcriptoma , Humanos , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Neurônios GABAérgicos , Mesencéfalo , Neocórtex , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encéfalo/metabolismoRESUMO
Since establishment of the first embryonic stem cells (ESCs), in vitro culture of totipotent cells functionally and molecularly comparable with in vivo blastomeres with embryonic and extraembryonic developmental potential has been a challenge. Here we report that spliceosomal repression in mouse ESCs drives a pluripotent-to-totipotent state transition. Using the splicing inhibitor pladienolide B, we achieve stable in vitro culture of totipotent ESCs comparable at molecular levels with 2- and 4-cell blastomeres, which we call totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs). Mouse chimeric assays combined with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) demonstrate that TBLCs have a robust bidirectional developmental capability to generate multiple embryonic and extraembryonic cell lineages. Mechanically, spliceosomal repression causes widespread splicing inhibition of pluripotent genes, whereas totipotent genes, which contain few short introns, are efficiently spliced and transcriptionally activated. Our study provides a means for capturing and maintaining totipotent stem cells.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Totipotentes/citologia , Células-Tronco Totipotentes/metabolismo , Animais , Blastômeros/citologia , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem da Célula/genética , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/citologia , Células-Tronco Totipotentes/fisiologiaRESUMO
Pediatric-onset colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significant effects on the growth of infants and children, but the etiopathogenesis underlying disease subtypes remains incompletely understood. Here, we report single-cell clustering, immune phenotyping, and risk gene analysis for children with undifferentiated colitis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. We demonstrate disease-specific characteristics, as well as common pathogenesis marked by impaired cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response signaling. Specifically, infiltration of PDE4B- and TNF-expressing macrophages, decreased abundance of CD39-expressing intraepithelial T cells, and platelet aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine at the colonic mucosae were common in colitis and IBD patients. Targeting these pathways by using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor dipyridamole restored immune homeostasis and improved colitis symptoms in a pilot study. In summary, comprehensive analysis of the colonic mucosae has uncovered common pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for children with colitis and IBD.
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Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Apirase/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Colo/patologia , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Dipiridamol/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Memória Imunológica , Inflamação/patologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/genética , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Metilprednisolona/farmacologia , Células Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Mieloides/metabolismoRESUMO
During implantation, embryos undergo an unpolarized-to-polarized transition to initiate postimplantation morphogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we identify a transient transcriptional activation governing embryonic morphogenesis and pluripotency transition during implantation. In naive pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which represent preimplantation embryos, we find that the microprocessor component DGCR8 can recognize stem-loop structures within nascent mRNAs to sequester transcriptional coactivator FLII to suppress transcription directly. When mESCs exit from naive pluripotency, the ERK/RSK/P70S6K pathway rapidly activates, leading to FLII phosphorylation and disruption of DGCR8/FLII interaction. Phosphorylated FLII can bind to transcription factor JUN, activating cell migration-related genes to establish poised pluripotency akin to implanting embryos. Resequestration of FLII by DGCR8 drives poised ESCs into formative pluripotency. In summary, we identify a DGCR8/FLII/JUN-mediated transient transcriptional activation mechanism. Disruption of this mechanism inhibits naive-poised-formative pluripotency transition and the corresponding unpolarized-to-polarized transition during embryo implantation, which are conserved in mice and humans.
Assuntos
Implantação do Embrião , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Morfogênese , Ativação Transcricional , Animais , Implantação do Embrião/genética , Camundongos , Humanos , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Fosforilação , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/citologia , Feminino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/genética , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea1-3. However, recent culture-independent studies have suggested that the archaeon 'Candidatus Methanoliparum' alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis4,5. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C≥13) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C≤12) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum4-6 in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
Assuntos
Euryarchaeota , Hidrocarbonetos , Metano , Alcanos/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Euryarchaeota/enzimologia , Euryarchaeota/genética , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Metano/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , FilogeniaRESUMO
Integrating reactive radicals into membranes that resemble biological membranes has always been a pursuit for simultaneous organics degradation and water filtration. In this research, we discovered that a radical polymer (RP) that can directly trigger the oxidative degradation of sulfamethozaxole (SMX). Mechanistic studies by experiment and density functional theory simulations revealed that peroxyl radicals are the reactive species, and the radicals could be regenerated in the presence of O2. Furthermore, an interpenetrating RP network membrane consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and the RP was fabricated to demonstrate the simultaneous filtration of large molecules in the model wastewater stream and the degradation of ~ 85% of SMX with a steady permeation flux. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanism of RP-triggered advanced oxidation processes and provides an energy-efficient solution for the degradation of organic compounds and water filtration in wastewater treatment.
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Sirt2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein lysine deacylase that can remove both acetyl group and long-chain fatty acyl groups from lysine residues of many proteins. It was reported to affect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in a mouse model. However, conflicting roles were reported, with genetic knockout aggravating while pharmacological inhibition alleviating IBD symptoms. These seemingly conflicting reports cause confusion and deter further efforts in developing Sirt2 inhibitors as a potential treatment strategy for IBD. We investigated these conflicting reports and elucidated the role of Sirt2 in the mouse model of IBD. We essentially replicated these conflicting results and confirmed that Sirt2 inhibitors' protective effect is not through off-targets as two very different Sirt2 inhibitors (TM and AGK2) showed similar protection in the IBD mouse model. We believe that the differential effects of inhibitors and knockout are due to the fact that the Sirt2 inhibitors only inhibit some but not all the activities of Sirt2. This hypothesis is confirmed by the observation that a PROTAC degrader of Sirt2 did not protect mice in the IBD model, similar to Sirt2 knockout. Our study provides an interesting example where genetic knockout and pharmacological inhibition do not align and emphasizes the importance of developing substrate-dependent inhibitors. Importantly, we showed that the effect of Sirt2 inhibition in IBD is through regulating the gut epithelium barrier by inhibiting Arf6-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin, a protein important for the intestinal epithelial integrity. This mechanistic understanding further supports Sirt2 as a promising therapeutic target for treating IBD.
Assuntos
Colite , Mucosa Intestinal , Sirtuína 2 , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Caderinas/metabolismo , Caderinas/genética , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Furanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Quinolinas , Sirtuína 2/metabolismo , Sirtuína 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Sirtuína 2/genéticaRESUMO
Cysteine palmitoylation (S-palmitoylation) is a reversible post-translational modification that is installed by the DHHC family of palmitoyltransferases and is reversed by several acyl protein thioesterases1,2. Although thousands of human proteins are known to undergo S-palmitoylation, how this modification is regulated to modulate specific biological functions is poorly understood. Here we report that the key T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation stimulator, STAT33,4, is subject to reversible S-palmitoylation on cysteine 108. DHHC7 palmitoylates STAT3 and promotes its membrane recruitment and phosphorylation. Acyl protein thioesterase 2 (APT2, also known as LYPLA2) depalmitoylates phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and enables it to translocate to the nucleus. This palmitoylation-depalmitoylation cycle enhances STAT3 activation and promotes TH17 cell differentiation; perturbation of either palmitoylation or depalmitoylation negatively affects TH17 cell differentiation. Overactivation of TH17 cells is associated with several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In a mouse model, pharmacological inhibition of APT2 or knockout of Zdhhc7-which encodes DHHC7-relieves the symptoms of IBD. Our study reveals not only a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBD but also a model through which S-palmitoylation regulates cell signalling, which might be broadly applicable for understanding the signalling functions of numerous S-palmitoylation events.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Colite/imunologia , Colite/patologia , Lipoilação , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/química , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Células Th17/citologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Acetiltransferases/deficiência , Acetiltransferases/genética , Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Aciltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Aciltransferases/metabolismo , Animais , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Transporte Proteico , Células Th17/metabolismo , Tioléster Hidrolases/antagonistas & inibidores , Tioléster Hidrolases/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are emerging as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and high safety. However, Zn anodes often encounter the problems of Zn dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and formation of by-products. Herein, we developed the low ionic association electrolytes (LIAEs) by introducing 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) into 30 m ZnCl2 electrolyte. Owing to the electron-withdrawing effect of -CF3 groups in TFE molecules, in LIAEs, the Zn2+ solvation structures convert from larger aggregate clusters into smaller parts and TFE will construct H-bonds with H2O in Zn2+ solvation structure simultaneously. Consequently, ionic migration kinetics are significantly enhanced and the ionization of solvated H2O is effectively suppressed in LIAEs. As a result, Zn anodes in LIAE display a fast plating/stripping kinetics and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.74%. The corresponding full batteries exhibit an improved comprehensive performance such as high-rate capability and long cycling life.
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specifically expressed in different diseases and regulate disease progression. To explore the functions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific lncRNA, we determined the lncRNA expression profile of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) obtained from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) using a LncRNA microarray and identified up-regulated LncNFYB in RA as a potential therapeutic target. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, LncNFYB was proven to promote FLS proliferation and cell cycle progress but not affect their invasion, migration, and apoptotic abilities. Further investigation discovered that LncRNA could combine with annexin A2 (ANXA2) and enhance the level of phospho-ANXA2 (Tyr24) in the plasma membrane area, which induced the activation of ERK1/2 to promote proliferation. These findings provide new insights into the biological functions of LncNFYB on modification of FLS, which may be exploited for the therapy of RA.
Assuntos
Anexina A2 , Artrite Reumatoide , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , RNA Longo não Codificante , Sinoviócitos , Humanos , Anexina A2/genética , Anexina A2/metabolismo , Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Artrite Reumatoide/fisiopatologia , Proliferação de Células/genética , Células Cultivadas , Ativação Enzimática/genética , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Osteoartrite/genética , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/fisiopatologia , Fosforilação/genética , Ligação Proteica/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Sinoviócitos/citologia , Sinoviócitos/metabolismoRESUMO
MOTIVATION: Predicting protein-ligand binding affinity is crucial in new drug discovery and development. However, most existing models rely on acquiring 3D structures of elusive proteins. Combining amino acid sequences with ligand sequences and better highlighting active sites are also significant challenges. RESULTS: We propose an innovative neural network model called DEAttentionDTA, based on dynamic word embeddings and a self-attention mechanism, for predicting protein-ligand binding affinity. DEAttentionDTA takes the 1D sequence information of proteins as input, including the global sequence features of amino acids, local features of the active pocket site, and linear representation information of the ligand molecule in the SMILE format. These three linear sequences are fed into a dynamic word-embedding layer based on a 1D convolutional neural network for embedding encoding and are correlated through a self-attention mechanism. The output affinity prediction values are generated using a linear layer. We compared DEAttentionDTA with various mainstream tools and achieved significantly superior results on the same dataset. We then assessed the performance of this model in the p38 protein family. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The resource codes are available at https://github.com/whatamazing1/DEAttentionDTA.
Assuntos
Redes Neurais de Computação , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas , Ligantes , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Software , Sítios de Ligação , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Bases de Dados de ProteínasRESUMO
MOTIVATION: Pediatric kidney disease is a widespread, progressive condition that severely impacts growth and development of children. Chronic kidney disease is often more insidious in children than in adults, usually requiring a renal biopsy for diagnosis. Biopsy evaluation requires copious examination by trained pathologists, which can be tedious and prone to human error. In this study, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI) method to assist pathologists in accurate segmentation and classification of pediatric kidney structures, named as AI-based Pediatric Kidney Diagnosis (APKD). RESULTS: We collected 2935 pediatric patients diagnosed with kidney disease for the development of APKD. The dataset comprised 93 932 histological structures annotated manually by three skilled nephropathologists. APKD scored an average accuracy of 94% for each kidney structure category, including 99% in the glomerulus. We found strong correlation between the model and manual detection in detected glomeruli (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.98, P < .001; intraclass correlation coefficient ICC = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-0.98). Compared to manual detection, APKD was approximately 5.5 times faster in segmenting glomeruli. Finally, we show how the pathological features extracted by APKD can identify focal abnormalities of the glomerular capillary wall to aid in the early diagnosis of pediatric kidney disease. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: https://github.com/ChunyueFeng/Kidney-DataSet.
Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/patologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/patologiaRESUMO
Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a multifunctional protein engaged in the regulation of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, axon guidance, and tumor metastasis, but its function in colitis remains unclear. Here, we found that NRP2 was an inflammation-sensing protein rapidly and dramatically induced in myeloid cells, especially in macrophages, under inflammatory contexts. NRP2 deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbated dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced experimental colitis by promoting polarization of M1 macrophages and colon injury. Mechanistically, NRP2 could be induced via NF-κB activation by TNF-α in macrophages, but exerted an inhibitory effect on NF-κB signaling, forming a negative feedback loop with NF-κB to sense and alleviate inflammation. Deletion of NRP2 in macrophages broke this negative feedback circuit, leading to NF-κB overactivation, inflammatory exacerbation, and more severe colitis. Collectively, these findings reveal inflammation restriction as a role for NRP2 in macrophages under inflammation contexts and suggest that NRP2 in macrophages may relieve inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Colite , NF-kappa B , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Neuropilina-2/genética , Neuropilina-2/metabolismo , Colite/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Sulfato de Dextrana/toxicidade , Sulfato de Dextrana/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), as a cytosolic DNA sensor, plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, and its overactivation induces excess inflammation and tissue damage. Macrophage polarization is critically involved in inflammation; however, the role of cGAS in macrophage polarization during inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that cGAS was upregulated in the LPS-induced inflammatory response via the TLR4 pathway, and cGAS signaling was activated by mitochondria DNA in macrophages isolated from C57BL/6J mice. We further demonstrated that cGAS mediated inflammation by acting as a macrophage polarization switch, which promoted peritoneal macrophages and the bone marrow-derived macrophages to the inflammatory phenotype (M1) via the mitochondrial DNA-mTORC1 pathway. In vivo studies verified that deletion of Cgas alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury by promoting macrophages to shift from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that cGAS mediated inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization through the mTORC1 pathway, and it further provided a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases, especially sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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Lesão Pulmonar Aguda , Macrófagos , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina , Nucleotidiltransferases , Sepse , Animais , Camundongos , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Inflamação , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nucleotidiltransferases/genética , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina/metabolismoRESUMO
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease among neonates, with increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of lysine demethylase 3A (KDM3A) on hyperoxia-induced BPD. Hyperoxia-induced BPD mouse and alveolar epithelial cell models were constructed. The effects of hyperoxia on lung development were evaluated by histological and morphological analysis. The levels of KDM3A, E26 transformation specific-1 (ETS1), H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related indexes were quantified by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and IF staining. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Transfection of oe-ETS1, oe-KDM3A, and sh-ETS1 was applied in hyperoxia-induced alveolar epithelial cells to explore the mechanism of the KDM3A/ETS1 axis in hyperoxia-induced apoptosis. KDM3A inhibitor IOX1 was applied to validate the in vivo effect of KDM3A in hyperoxia-induced BPD mice. The results displayed that hyperoxia-induced BPD mice showed reduced body weight, severe destruction of alveolar structure, decreased radial alveolar count (RAC), and increased mean linear intercept (MLI) and mean alveolar diameter (MAD). Further, hyperoxia induction down-regulated ETS1 expression, raised ER stress levels, and increased apoptosis rate in BPD mice and alveolar epithelial cells. However, transfection of oe-ETS1 improved the above changes in hyperoxia-induced alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, transfection of oe-KDM3A up-regulated ETS1 expression, down-regulated H3K9me2 expression, inhibited ER stress, and reduced apoptosis rate in hyperoxia-induced alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, transfection of sh-ETS1 reversed the inhibitory effect of KDM3A on hyperoxia-induced apoptosis by regulating ER stress. In vivo experiments, KDM3A inhibitor IOX1 intervention further aggravated BPD in newborn mice. In a word, KDM3A alleviated hyperoxia-induced BPD in mice by promoting ETS1 expression.
Assuntos
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Hiperóxia , Animais , Camundongos , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Displasia Broncopulmonar/genética , Displasia Broncopulmonar/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hiperóxia/complicações , Hiperóxia/metabolismo , Hiperóxia/patologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Lisina/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Aqueous rechargeable ammonium-ion batteries (AIBs) possess the characteristics of safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and fast diffusion kinetics. However, their energy density is often limited due to the low specific capacity of cathode materials and narrow electrochemical stability windows of electrolytes. Herein, high-performance aqueous AIBs were designed by coupling Fe-substituted manganese-based Prussian blue analog (FeMnHCF) cathodes and highly concentrated NH4CF3SO3 electrolytes. In FeMnHCF, Mn3+/Mn2+-N redox reaction at high potential was introduced, and two metal active redox species of Mn and Fe were achieved. To match such FeMnHCF cathodes, highly concentrated NH4CF3SO3 electrolyte was further developed, where NH4+ ion displays low-solvation structure because of the increased coordination number of CF3SO3- anions. Furthermore, the water molecules are confined by NH4+ and CF3SO3- ions in their solvation sheath, leading to weak interaction between water molecules and thus effectively extending the voltage window of electrolyte. Consequently, the FeMnHCF electrodes present high reversibility during the charge/discharge process. Moreover, owing to a small amount of free water in concentrated electrolyte, the dissolution of FeMnHCF is also inhibited. As a result, the assembled aqueous AIBs exhibit enhanced energy density, excellent rate capability, and stable cycling behavior. This work provides a creative route to construct high-performance aqueous AIBs.
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Advancements in nanochemistry have led to the development of engineered gold nanostructures (GNSs) with remarkable potential for a variety of dental healthcare applications. These innovative nanomaterials offer unique properties and functionalities that can significantly improve dental diagnostics, treatment, and overall oral healthcare applications. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in the design, synthesis, and application of GNSs for dental healthcare applications. Engineered GNSs have emerged as versatile tools, demonstrating immense potential across different aspects of dentistry, including enhanced imaging and diagnosis, prevention, bioactive coatings, and targeted treatment of oral diseases. Key highlights encompass the precise control over GNSs' size, crystal structure, shape, and surface functionalization, enabling their integration into sensing, imaging diagnostics, drug delivery systems, and regenerative therapies. GNSs, with their exceptional biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties, have demonstrated efficacy in combating dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral mucosal diseases. Additionally, they show great promise in the development of advanced sensing techniques for early diagnosis, such as nanobiosensor technology, while their role in targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and immunomodulatory approaches has opened new avenues for oral cancer therapy. Challenges including long-term toxicity, biosafety, immune recognition, and personalized treatment are under rigorous investigation. As research at the intersection of nanotechnology and dentistry continues to thrive, this review highlights the transformative potential of engineered GNSs in revolutionizing dental healthcare, offering accurate, personalized, and minimally invasive solutions to address the oral health challenges of the modern era.
Assuntos
Ouro , Ouro/química , Humanos , Propriedades de Superfície , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Odontologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Nanotecnologia/métodosRESUMO
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome is well established. While zinc finger BED-type containing 3 (ZBED3) has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome, its role in MASLD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of ZBED3 in the context of MASLD. METHODS: Expression levels of ZBED3 were assessed in individuals with MASLD, as well as in cellular and animal models of MASLD. In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted using a cellular model of MASLD induced by NEFA and an animal model of MASLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, to investigate the role of ZBED3 in MASLD. ZBED3 expression was increased by lentiviral infection or tail-vein injection of adeno-associated virus. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis were employed to examine the pathways through which ZBED3 modulates lipid accumulation. Findings from these next-generation transcriptome sequencing studies indicated that ZBED3 controls SREBP1c (also known as SREBF1; a gene involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis); thus, co-immunoprecipitation and LC-MS/MS were utilised to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which ZBED3 regulates the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). RESULTS: In this study, we found that ZBED3 was significantly upregulated in the liver of individuals with MASLD and in MASLD animal models. ZBED3 overexpression promoted NEFA-induced triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Zbed3 promoted hepatic steatosis. Conversely, the hepatocyte-specific knockout of Zbed3 resulted in resistance of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, ZBED3 interacts directly with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and affects its binding to the SREBP1c mRNA precursor to regulate SREBP1c mRNA stability and alternative splicing. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: This study indicates that ZBED3 promotes hepatic steatosis and serves as a critical regulator of the progression of MASLD. DATA AVAILABILITY: RNA-seq data have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE231875 ). MS proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the iProX partner repository ( https://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset?ID=PXD041743 ).