Radiation therapy and concurrent fixed dose amifostine with escalating doses of twice-weekly gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer.

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of twice-weekly gemcitabine (TW-G) when administered in conjunction with fixed dose amifostine (A) during external radiotherapy (RT) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten patients with previously untreated, locally advanced, or asymptomatic-metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this study. RT was delivered by using the standard four-field technique (1.8 Gy daily fractions, 45 Gy followed by a boost of 5.4 Gy, in 5-1/2 weeks). The starting dose of TW-G was 60 mg/m(2) (i.v., 30-min infusion), which is equal to the upper limit of previously reported MTD of TW-G when given without A during RT. A was given just before the TW-G, at a fixed dose of 340 mg/m(2) (i.v., rapid infusion). TW-G doses were escalated by 30-mg/m(2) increments in successive cohorts of 3 to 6 additional patients until DLT was observed. Toxicities were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, version 2.0. RESULTS: In general, therapy was well tolerated in patients treated at the first two dose levels of 60 mg/m(2) and 90 mg/m(2). The DLT of TW-G given in conjunction with A during RT were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea/vomiting at the dose level of 120 mg/m(2). Of the 10 patients eligible for a median follow-up of 10 months, 5 remain alive; 1 complete responder, 3 partial responders, and 1 with stable disease. CONCLUSION: A dose of TW-G at a level of 90 mg/m(2) produced tolerable toxicity and it may possess significant activity when delivered in conjunction with 340 mg/m(2) dose of A during RT of the upper abdomen. Due to the higher MTD of TW-G seen in our study, we consider that the A supplementation may optimize the therapeutic index of TW-G-based chemoradiotherapy protocols in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the sternum: a case report of successful treatment with radiotherapy.

An unusual case of a lytic, expanding lesion of the manubrium with histological diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst in a 13-year-old girl is presented. After a recurrence following primary surgery, the patient was treated successfully by external beam radiotherapy. A total dose of 25.2 Gy was delivered using conventional fractionation (1.8 Gy day(-1)) to the whole sternum. She remains recurrence- and symptom-free 46 months after the end of the treatment. This is the sixth patient with primary aneurysmal bone cyst in the sternal region, the first paediatric patient for this location, and the first case of its kind treated exclusively by radiotherapy ever reported in the literature. The histopathological, radiological and clinical findings of the patient are presented, relevant literature is reviewed, and radiotherapeutic management of such lesions is discussed.

The effects of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 levels on prognosis in patients with aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL).

The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in the pretreatment period and to determine if high IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 levels correlate with the outcome in patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) in the post treatment period. Forty-three patients with the diagnosis of aggressive NHL were included in our study. In all cases initial treatment consisted of CHOP. Patients who failed initial therapy and relapsed from CR were treated with the ESHAP regimen or autologous bone marrow transplantation. The median follow-up duration was 127 weeks (20-228 weeks). There was a negative relationship between the failure-free survival and IL-2 levels (p<0.01). IL-2 levels were negatively correlated with overall survival (p<0.02). There was no relationship between the failure-free survival and IL-6 and IL-10 levels. IL-6 and IL-10 levels did not affect overall survival. In conclusion, in patients with lymphoma, the immune system tries to control the progression of tumor thus leading to high IL-2 levels.

Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax following high-dose chemotherapy in a patient with non-seminomatous testicular cancer with pulmonary metastases.

With modern treatment modalities it is possible to obtain a long survival in patients with non-seminomatous testicular cancer. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment in metastatic cases. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is a good salvage treatment for recurrent cases. However, the modality has serious complications. We present a rare case of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax due to rupture of residual cystic lesions after high-dose chemotherapy in a patient with pulmonary metastases. Such a situation has been rarely reported.

Safety and efficacy of transdermal fentanyl in patients with cancer pain: phase IV, Turkish oncology group trial.

We have performed a prospective evaluation of the efficacy, safety and convenience of the transdermal therapeutic system - fentanyl (TTS-F) in Turkish cancer patients when it was newly available in Turkey. Ninety-nine patients with historically confirmed malignancy and pain entered the study; the mean age was 55.1 (16-58) years. The study duration was 28 days. Transdermal therapeutic system - fentanyl was used in opioid-naïve or pre-treated patients. Most patients reported a decrease in pain severity. Use of rescue medication decreased from day 4 to day 28. The majority of patients rated patch convenience of use as excellent. A total of 22.2% of patients experienced adverse events that were either probably related or very likely to be related to the study drug. The majority of the adverse events mentioned were related to the digestive system. Eighteen serious adverse events were reported by 13 patients. Six events were doubtfully related, and 12 events were not related to the study drug. Four patients died during the trial. None of these deaths was attributed to the study drug. In conclusion, the trial showed that TTS-F is easily managed, effective and will help to enable the appropriate opioid administration to patients who are suffering from cancer pain in Turkey.

Bilateral male breast cancer and prostate cancer: a case report.

Male breast cancer, consisting only 1% of all breast cancers, is occasionally associated with other primary malignancies, especially in patients with familial breast cancer history. Sporadic male breast cancers with another primary tumor are extremely rare. We report a 67-year-old male with asynchronous bilateral breast cancer and prostate cancer without familial breast cancer history.

Effects of tamoxifen on the serum leptin level in patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Leptin is a peptide hormone that has a role in the regulation of body weight and has effects on metabolic, neuroendocrine, reproductive and hematopoietic systems. Breast cancer has also been associated with obesity and reproductive hormones, especially estradiol. Only a few studies have investigated the relation between plasma leptin and risk of breast cancer and only one study evaluated the effect of tamoxifen on leptin levels in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: We investigated serum leptin levels in gender-, body mass index (BMI)- and age-matched breast cancer patients and healthy individuals (58 of each). RESULTS: Serum leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (Human Leptin RIA Kit). Serum leptin levels in the breast cancer patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (27.00 versus 17.65 ng/ml, p = 0.019). There were no differences with respect to BMI and age between control and breast cancer patients. There were no significant differences in BMI and leptin levels between pre- and postmenopausal patients (27.00 +/- 1.39 and 27.19 +/- 0.81 kg/m(2), 26.81 +/- 6.25 and 27.06 +/- 2.98 ng/ml) (p > 0.05). We found no difference in serum leptin level between early and late stages of patients (22.38 versus 31.30 ng/ml, p = 0.086). However, the serum leptin level in patients using tamoxifen was significantly higher than that of patients not using tamoxifen (32.71 and 19.39 ng/ml, respectively p = 0.009). There was no correlation between CA 15-3 and leptin level (r = 0.069, p = 0.610). CONCLUSION: High serum leptin levels seen in breast cancer patients are not related to stage of the disease or to cancer itself but may be associated with the use of tamoxifen.