Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, and Quality-of-Life in Patients Undergoing Surgical Removal of an Eye.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and quality of life in patients who underwent surgical removal of an eye with those of controls as well as to test the correlations of these variables in both groups. Methods: Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale were administered to 29 patients with surgical removal of an eye and 30 control subjects. Results: The patient group had significantly lower scores on physical functioning, role limitations due to physical and emotional problems, pain, and general health perception domains of SF-36, as well as significantly higher BDI (p=0.004) scores as compared to controls. The study groups did not differ significantly with respect to BAI scores and energy/vitality, mental health, and social functioning domain scores of SF-36 (p>0.05). Conclusion: This population of monocular patients had similar mental health-related and Beck's Anxiety Inventory scores equivalent to the control group despite the surgical removal of one eye. However, lower scores for some SF-36 domains and higher depression levels in this patient group suggest that psychiatric rehabilitation should be considered after eye removal to improve the psychological outcomes and quality of life in these patients.

Accuracy of Different Lens Power Calculation Formulas in Patients With Mature Cataracts.

Introduction To compare the prediction accuracy of lens power calculation formulas in patients undergoing mature cataract surgery. Methods A total of 90 operations involving the Alcon SA60AT IOL implant (Alcon, Geneva, Switzerland) were analyzed in terms of mean refractive prediction error (PE) and mean absolute prediction error (MAE) using backward calculation in a retrospective design. Results A negative PE was observed in SRK/T, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) formulas. In contrast, positive PEs were observed in Barrett Universal II (BAUII), Kane, and Radial Basis Function (RBF) formulas. Negative PE was observed with all formulas, except BAUII, in patients with a shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD). While the SRK/T, Holladay 1, BAU, Kane, and RBF formulas demonstrated positive PE, the Holladay 2, Hoffer Q, Haigis, and EVO formulas indicated negative PE. In patients with deep ACD, positive PE was observed in all formulas, barring Holladay 2 and EVO. No significant differences were identified between the formulas concerning MAE and percentages of 0.25 diopter (D), 0.50 D, 0.75 D, and 1.0 D across all study groups. Conclusion Although the new generation formulas provide very good results, achieving the best with a single formula is still impossible.

In vivo evaluation of macular microvasculature in childhood malnutrition using optical coherence tomography angiography.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the microvascular alterations and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) changes in the foveal and parafoveal region in malnourished children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 168 eyes of 85 patients. The subjects were split into 3 groups based on their body mass index (BMI) percentiles and defined as Group 1 (BMI percentiles ≥95th, overnutrition group), Group 2 (BMI <5th percentile, undernutrition group) and Group 3 (BMI ≥5th and <85th percentile, control group). All subjects were examined with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density (VD) and FAZ parameters. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), average macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL), inner limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium (ILM-RPE) thickness were evaluated using SD-OCT device. RESULTS: Age and gender did not statistically differ across groups (p = 0.12 and p = 0.92). Groups 1 and 2 were found to have significantly higher VD of the superior-hemisphere of the DCP levels than the control group (p = 0.001). The control group's foveal VD of SCP was statistically higher than group 1's (p = 0.012). Parafoveal VD was significantly increased in the superior of the SCP of group 1 and the lower hemisphere of the SCP of group 2 compared with the control group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). The mean FAZ perimeter, choriocapillaris flow area, RNFL, GCL-IPL and ILM-RPE thickness were similar between all groups. CONCLUSION: The childhood undernutrition and overnutrition may affect the density of retinal capillaries. Although the FAZ area and choriocapillary flow did not change, retinal capillary density tended to increase in malnutrition.

The Effects of Blepharoptosis Surgery on Meibomian Gland, Tear Film, and Corneal Topography.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Meibomian gland (MG), tear film, and corneal changes in the post-operative period following ptosis surgery using corneal topography. Methods: This non-comparative, case series study analyzed 30 eyes of 23 patients undergoing blepharoptosis surgery with an external approach. Ocular surface and tear film evaluation was performed at baseline and post-operative 3rd month. The corneal topography was used to assess the MG, the noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-TBUT), K values, astigmatism, and corneal aberrations. For the examination of dry eyes, the I-TBUT, Schirmer, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaires were also performed. Results: The study involved patients with a mean age of 55.1±18.11 years. Postoperatively, marginal reflex distance 1 is significantly increased (1.23±1.09 vs. 3.65±0.65; p=0.001). Results revealed no significant changes in Kmean (43.65±1.15 vs. 43.67±1.14; p=0.727), astigmatism (-1±0.74 vs. -0.99±0.68; p=0.910), and corrected distance visual acuity logMAR (0.09±0.1 vs. 0.07±0.11; p=0.497). There was a significant increase in MG loss area postoperatively (5.02±5.04-7.75±6.75; p=0.047), while the degree of MG loss did not significantly change (0.2±0.48 vs. 0.37±0.56; p=0.132). However, no significant differences were detected in Schirmer I test (17.4±4.7 vs. 16.1±5.5; p=0.711), I-TBUT (12.4±3.1 vs. 11.9±4.7; p=0.483), and OSDI questionnaire score (16.7±9.4 vs. 17.9±10.3; p=0.176) between baseline and post-operative measurements. Similarly, no significant changes were found in NI-TBUT (5.73±3.72 vs. 6.58 4.71; p=0.535) and NIAvg-TBUT (6.06±4.8 vs. 7.51±4.43; p=0.322) values. Conclusion: Surgical correction of blepharoptosis affects MG morphology without causing dry eye at the 3rd month. Post-operative corneal topography is useful in demonstrating changes in the MG.

Efficacy and safety of intracorneal allogenic ring segment implantation in keratoconus: 1-year results.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments in the management of keratoconus patients. METHODS: The retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional case series consisted of 65 keratoconic eyes of 49 consecutive patients who had ring segment-shaped corneal allografts (KeraNatural®) implanted in intrastromal tunnels created using a femtosecond laser. The main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), refraction, keratometry, and pachymetry. Computed tomography scans of the corneal surfaces were also performed preoperatively as well as 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean age was 29.5 ± 7.3 years (median 29, range: 20-52 years). The mean UCVA improved from 0.91 ± 0.50 logMAR preoperatively to 0.40 ± 0.24 logMAR postoperatively at 6 month follow-up (p < 0.01) and the mean CDVA improved from 0.87 ± 0.20 logMAR preoperatively to 0.27 ± 0.06 logMAR postoperatively (p < 0.01). The mean spherical equivalent improved from -8.82 ± 4.57 to -3.45 ± 4.81D (p < 0.01). Average Keratometry decreased from 49.23 ± 5.22 preoperatively to 45.63 ± 4.89 D postoperatively (p < 0.01). Mean anterior and posterior maximum elevation were also decreased significantly (p < 0.01). In one patient, dislocation of the graft towards the tunnel incision site and dehiscense at the tunnel entrance were observed in the first week of the operation. Yellow-white deposits were observed in the segment tunnels in five cases after 6 months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that implantation of corneal allograft ring segments is a viable alternative treatment for keratoconus with safety and good visual results.