Continuous organ perfusion monitoring using indocyanine green in a piglet model.

BACKGROUND: Unrecognized organ hypoperfusion may cause major postoperative complications with detrimental effects for the patient. The use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) to detect organ hypoperfusion is emerging but the optimal methodology is still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of real-time continuous quantitative perfusion assessment with Indocyanine Green (ICG) to monitor organ perfusion during minimally invasive surgery using a novel ICG dosing regimen and quantification software. METHOD: In this experimental porcine study, twelve subjects were administered a priming dose of ICG, followed by a regimen of high-frequency (1 dose per minute), low-dose bolus injections with weight-adjusted (0.008 mg/kg) ICG allowing for continuous perfusion monitoring. In each pig, one randomly assigned organ of interest [stomach (n = 3), ascending colon (n = 3), rectum (n = 3) and spleen (n = 3)] was investigated with varying camera conditions. Video recording was performed with the 1588 AIM Stryker camera platform and subsequent quantitative analysis of the ICG signal were performed using a research version of a commercially available surgical real-time analysis software. RESULTS: Using a high-frequency, low-dose bolus ICG regimen, fluorescence visualization and quantification in abdominal organs were successful in the stomach (3/3), ascending colon (1/3), rectum (2/3), and the spleen (3/3). ICG accumulation in the tissue over time did not affect the quantification process. Considerable variation in fluorescence signal was observed between organs and between the same organ in different subjects. Of the different camera conditions investigated, the highest signal was achieved when the camera was placed 7.5 cm from the target organ. CONCLUSION: This proof-of-concept study finds that real-time continuous perfusion monitoring in different abdominal organs using ICG is feasible. However, the study also finds a large variation in fluorescence intensity between organs and between the same organ in different subjects while using a fixed weight-adjusted dosing regimen using the same camera setting and placement.

Intracorporeal Versus Extracorporeal Anastomosis in Robotic Right Colectomy: A Multicenter, Triple-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if minimally invasive right colectomy with intra-corporeal anastomosis improves postoperative recovery compared to extra-corporeal anastomosis. BACKGROUND: Previous trials have shown that intracorporeal anastomosis improves postoperative recovery; however, it has not yet been evaluated in a setting with optimized perioperative care or with patient-related outcome measures. METHODS: This was a multicenter, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial at two high-volume colorectal centers with strict adherence to optimized perioperative care pathways. The patients underwent robotic right colectomy with either intracorporeal or extracorporeal anastomosis. The primary outcome was patient-reported postoperative recovery measured using the "Quality of Recovery-15" questionnaire. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03130166. RESULTS: A total of 89 patients were randomized and analyzed according to the "Intention-to-treat"-principle. We found no statistically significant differences in patient-reported recovery between the groups. Postoperative pain, nausea, time to ambulation, time to first passage of flatus/stool, length of hospital stay, and pathophysiological tests showed no differences either. The duration of time to create the anastomosis was significantly longer with intracorporeal anastomosis (17 vs 13 min, P = 0.003), while all other intraoperative, postoperative, and pathology variables showed no difference. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in postoperative recovery between the two groups.

The effect of intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in robotic right colectomy on perianastomotic perfusion: a substudy to a multicenter RCT.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) in minimally invasive right colectomy may improve postoperative recovery compared with extracorporeal anastomosis (ECA). It has been hypothesized that creating the anastomosis extracorporeally may cause mesenteric traction and compromised intestinal perfusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of either ICA or ECA on intestinal perfusion. METHOD: This was a substudy to a multicenter, triple-blind randomized clinical trial comparing ICA with ECA in patients undergoing robotic right colectomy for colonic cancer. Videos from intraoperative Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence imaging were analyzed with quantitative ICG perfusion assessment (q-ICG). q-ICG was performed by extracting perfusion metrics from a time-intensity curve generated from an image analysis software: FMAX: maximal fluorescence intensity, TMAX: time until maximal fluorescent signal, T1/2MAX: time until half-maximal fluorescent signal, time ratio (T1/2MAX/TMAX) and slope. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients (33 ICA and 35 ECA) were available for analysis. Demographics were similar between the groups, except for mean arterial blood pressure at the time of ICG infusion, which was significantly lower in the ICA group. We found a significantly steeper slope in the ICA group compared to the ECA group (6.3 vs. 4.7 AU/sec, P = .048). There were no significant differences in FMAX, TMAX, T1/2MAX, and time ratio. CONCLUSION: We found evidence of an improved intestinal perfusion following ICA compared with ECA. This finding may be related to patient outcomes and should be explored further in the future. CLINICALTRIALS: gov NCT03130166.