Enzymatic, skeletal, and histological ontogeny of shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) larvae under intensive culture conditions.

This study was conducted to investigate the structural and ontogenetic development of the skeletal system and digestive tract histologically and enzymatically in larvae of shi drum (U. cirrosa) under intensive rearing conditions until 40 days after hatching (DAH). Among digestive enzymes, amylase was detected at 0.89 ± 0.12 mU mg protein-1 on the first hatching day. The specific activities of trypsin and lipase were detected simultaneously with mouth opening on 3 DAH with 28.47 ± 3.52 and 2.8 ± 0.32 mU mg protein-1, respectively. In addition, pepsin was found for the first time at 0.88 ± 0.21 mU mg protein-1 on 15 DAH in association with stomach formation and increased sharply up to 40 DAH. In the structural development of the skeletal system, the development of the caudal fin in larvae was morphologically associated with the flexion of the notochord. It was observed that the shape of the fin and spine, which reached 40 DAH, became similar to the adult shape. Histologically, 3 DAH, the mouth and anus were opened. The formation of the primitive stomach was observed at the end of the seventh day-the pyloric sphincter formed between 13 and 18 days. A functional stomach was seen on the 15th DAH. Therefore, U. cirrosa is believed to have critical aquaculture potential that can be cultured under intensive conditions. The developmental profile of skeletal, enzymatic, and histological ontogeny observed in U. cirrosa is similar to that described for other sciaenid species.

Nuances to provide ideas for radiologic diagnosis in primary spinal paragangliomas: report of two cases.

Spinal paragangliomas are rarely-observed neuroendocrine benign tumors in the extra-adrenal paraganglionic system. Primary spinal involvement is even rarer. Radiologic differential diagnosis is not easy. This paper presents 2 lumbar paraganglioma cases and focuses on nuances to provide ideas for radiological differential diagnosis.

Functional changes in digestive enzyme activities of meagre (Argyrosomus regius; Asso, 1801) during early ontogeny.

The ontogenesis of main pancreatic and intestinal enzymes was investigated in the recent promising Mediterranean candidate species of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, during larval development until 40 days after hatching (DAH). The green-water technique was carried out for larval rearing. Whole-body homogenates were used for enzymatic analysis in larvae younger than 15 DAH; after this date, older larvae were dissected into two segments as pancreatic and intestinal segment. Trypsin was detected as early as hatching and sharply increased concurrently with age and exogenous feeding 15 DAH, but constant decline was observed until the end of experiment. Amylase was determined at 2 DAH and sharply increased 10 DAH. Then, slight decreases were found between 10 and 15 DAH, and then slow alterations were continued until the end of the experiment. Lipase was firstly measured on day 3; then, sudden decline was observed between 20 and 25 DAH. After this date, slow fluctuations were maintained until the end of the experiment. Pepsin was firstly assayed 15 DAH related to gastric gland secretion and sharply increased 30 DAH. Then, it slowly varied until end of the experiment. Enzymes of brush border membranes, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N showed similar pattern on specific activities during the first 10 days. Thereafter, while specific activity of alkaline phosphatase slightly decreased 15 and fluctuated until 20 DAH, aminopeptidase N activity slowly increased 20 DAH. Then, activity of alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N constantly increased 30 DAH, indicating maturation of the intestinal digestive process, and also, these activities continued to slowly increase until the end of the experiment. The specific activity of cytosolic peptidase, leucine-alanine peptidase, smoothly increased on day 8, then fluctuated until 15 DAH. After this date, in contrast to enzymes of brush border membranes, it sharply decreased 25 DAH and continued to gradually decline until the end of the experiment. These converse expressions were indicative of a maturation of enterocytes and the transition of an adult mode of digestion.

Appendiceal mucocele mimicking urolithiasis.

Appendiceal mucocele is a rare clinical condition that results from distension of the appendix lumen with mucus. It is only found in 0.1-0.3% of all appendectomy specimens. Twenty-five per cent of these cases are asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered either during surgery or upon radiological examination. The treatment of appendiceal mucocele is surgical, and while appendectomy is usually sufficient in some cases right hemicolectomy may be considered as a treatment option. Mucoceles are histologically subdivided into four types: retention cysts, mucosal hyperplasia, cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas. Herein, we present a case of appendiceal mucocele clinically mimicking urolithiasis in a 62-year-old female patient with a complaint of colicky right flank pain and a single episode of macroscopic hematuria. The patient's abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal CT scan showed a mass consistent with mucocele in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Colonoscopy gave the impression of a mass lesion exerting pressure from the outside. The patient was electively operated. Histopathological diagnosis was reported as mucinous cystadenoma. Appendiceal mucocele or mucinous cystadenomas are usually seen in patients undergoing surgery with a diagnosis of appendicitis but, as in our case, these lesions may rarely occur with a clinical picture that mimics urological disease.

Nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury following CoronaVac anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

A 67-year-old female with Type 2 diabetes mellitus developed nephrotic syndrome within 1 week of receiving the first dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 CoronaVac vaccine. A kidney biopsy was consistent with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and treatment was symptomatic with antiproteinuric therapy and improvement in proteinuria. Oedema returned within 1 week of the second dose of CoronaVac. On this occasion, acute kidney injury and massive proteinuria were noted. In kidney biopsy, glomeruli were normal, but tubulointerstitial inflammation consistent with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was noted. Pulse followed by oral steroids was followed by recovery of kidney function. Proteinuria decreased after initiation of cyclosporine A.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on postoperative peritoneal inflammation and adhesions.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative peritoneal adhesion is an important complication of abdominopelvic surgery. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on postoperative intraperitoneal inflammation and adhesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Cecal incision and suturation was carried out for the experimental model. Intraperitoneally, 3 ml of 0.9% NaCl, 3 ml of PRP, and nothing were applied, and called as saline, PRP, and control groups, respectively. Four subjects in each group were sacrificed at the 3rd and 7th days postoperatively. Adhesion formations and giant cell, lymphocyte/plasmocyte, neutrophil, and histiocyte counts were assessed and hydroxyproline levels were measured in all groups and statistical comparisons were performed. RESULTS: Except giant cell 3rd day scores, PRP had the lowest adhesion, neutrophil, lymphocyte, plasmocyte, histiocyte and fibrosis scores. Both 3rd and 7th days scores of giant cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, plasmocyte, but only 7th days scores of histiocyte reaction and fibrosis were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hydroxyproline levels were lower in the saline group at the 3rd day. However, at the 7th day, the levels were lower in the PRP group and no statistically significant difference was found compared to the saline group 3rd day levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Platelet-rich plasma has a reducing effect on the postoperative peritoneal adhesions with separation of the damaged tissues, affecting the inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase, plasminogen activation or the other stages of adhesion formation.

Evaluation of the mir-126, mir-182, and mir-486-5p Expression Signature of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: Although squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) originating from different anatomic localizations display a similar histological appearance under light microscopy, they may differ in terms of epigenetic and genetic features. The aim of this study was to analyze mir-126, mir-182, and mir-486-5p expression levels in head and neck SCCs and lung SCCs, and to identify localization-specific miRNA expression profiles. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The expression levels of mir-126, mir-182, and mir-486-5p were analyzed in lung, oral cavity, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal SCCs in 40 patients, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The findings showed that lung, oral cavity, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal SCCs have distinct mir-126 and mir-486-5p expression profiles. It was also observed that mir-126 and mir-486-5p expression levels were highly specific to the tumor localization. CONCLUSION: These findings highlighted that SCCs originating from different anatomic localizations have different miRNA expression profiles. miRNA expression analysis can be used to predict the primary localizations of those SCCs.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: analysis of 244 cases.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD) was first described in Japan in 1972. The disease frequently mimics tuberculous lymphadenitis, malign lymphoma, and many other benign and malignant conditions. To our knowledge, there is no previous study comparing the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients from different geographical parts of the world. We searched literature records beginning from 1991 and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data of 244 patients (including cases diagnosed in our institution) reported in 181 publications. Of the 244 cases, 33% were male and 77% were female. Mean age was 25 (1-64) and 70% was younger than 30. Most of the cases were reported from Taiwan (36%), USA (6.6%), and Spain (6.3%). Fever (35%), fatigue (7%) and joint pain (7%) were the most frequent symptoms, while lymphadenomegaly (100%), erythematous rashes (10%), arthritis (5%), hepatosplenomegaly (3%), leucopenia (43%), high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (40%), and anemia (23%) being the most common findings. KFD was associated with SLE (32 cases), non-infectious inflammatory diseases (24 cases), and viral infections (17 cases). SLE was more frequent in cases from Asia than Europe (28 and 9%, respectively). The disease was self-limiting in 156 (64%) and corticosteroid treatment was necessary in 16 (16%) of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.1%. Early diagnosis is crucial as the clinical and laboratory presentation generally imitates situations needing lengthy and costly diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, association with SLE needs further investigation.

Dermatitis herpetiformis and vitiligo.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a rare immunobullous disorder of the skin that is associated with gluten hypersensitivity. Subepidermal IgA-type antibody deposition against tissue transglutaminase leads to dense neutrophilic microabscess and eventually into vesicles in dermal papillae, which may occasionally merge into bullae. Being a subepidermal vesiculobullous disorder, DH is frequently associated with postinflammatory pigmentary changes, particularly hypopigmentation. However, the association of DH with true vitiligo is extremely rare. Here, we report a 21-year-old male with vitiligo and comorbid DH, and review the literature. This new case had severely pruritic, papular and papulovesicular lesions that were localized symmetrically and partly confined to the pre-existing vitiliginous areas. The skin biopsy specimen taken from an erythematous papule on the elbow showed characteristic findings of DH and vitiligo. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of the perilesional skin revealed granular IgA deposition of dermal papillae. There are only 10 reports in the literature of DH and vitiligo comorbidity.

The effects of tamoxifen on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Wistar albino rats: results of an experimental study.

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of tamoxifen on pulmonary fibrosis, given concurrently with or after irradiation in Wistar albino rats. Twenty-one female Wistar albino rats were randomized into three groups. The first group (Group A) had tamoxifen, which was started after the completion of irradiation. The second group (Group B) had tamoxifen concomitant with irradiation. The third group (Group C) had only thoracic irradiation and did not receive tamoxifen. Whole lungs were irradiated to a total dose of 30Gy in ten fractions with Co60. Tamoxifen was continued until the animals were sacrificed 16 weeks after the start of irradiation. As an end point the percentage of lung with fibrosis for each rat was quantified with image analysis of histological sections of the lung. Groups were compared using the one-way ANOVA method and Bonferroni post hoc test. The mean percentage values of fibrosis were 10.03 for Group A, 36.81 for Group B, and 3.87 for group C (P<0.001). When the percentages of fibrosis were compared for each group, the difference was statistically significant between Group A and Group B (P<0.001) and between Group B and Group C (P<0.001). Concomitant use of tamoxifen appears to increase radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and it seems more convenient to delay tamoxifen until the completion of irradiation.

Influence of the c-erb B-2, nm23, bcl-2 and p53 protein markers on colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Under stringent intra-laboratory conditions we evaluated the relationship between the expression of four protein markers and clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal tumors. METHODS: 124 patients with colorectal cancer from 1999 to 2002 were assessed. RESULTS: The expression of cerb B-2, nm23 and p53 was mostly determined in tumors located in the rectum. However, about 20% of the rectal lesions had bcl-2 expression. p53 and c-erb B-2 expression was significantly demonstrated in the lesions with vascular and lymph node involvement. However, the difference between the markers and staging was not statistically significant (p=0.388, p=0.301). Cerb B-2 and p53 were more frequently expressed in the patients with large tumors (more than 5 cm) with moderate and poor differentiation grade. About half of the tumors expressing c- erb B- 2 and p53 had vascular invasion and more than 70% had N1 and N2 lymphatic invasion as well. In the patients with tumors expressing c-erb B-2 and p53, recurrences often occurred and both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the first two years after surgery were shorter than of the patients with tumors expressing nm23 and bcl-2. CONCLUSION: In this study, c-erb B-2 and p53 were frequently expressed in the Astler- Coller stage C large tumors located in the rectum and a high degree of vascular and lymphatic invasion was observed. In the patients with tumors expressing c-erb B-2 and p53, recurrences were determined more frequently and DFS and OS were shorter than in patients with tumors expressing nm23 and bcl-2. Thus, two different protein markers should be taken into consideration when evaluating the clinical outcome of patients with colorectal cancer.

Effects of topical application of mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil on myringotomy in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of topical application of Mitomycin-C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for maintaining myringotomy patency were investigated in this experimental study. STUDY DESIGN: We performed simple myringotomy with a knife on 140 tympanic membranes of 70 rats. Rats were divided in two study groups and a control group. Each study group had 60 tympanic membranes, and the control group had 20. We applied Mitomycin-C (0.4 mg/ml) in Group A, 5-fluorouracil (50 mg/ml) in Group B topically, and sterile saline in the control group for 10 minutes. Examination was made with otoendoscope on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70, and patency rates were recorded. RESULTS: MMC and 5-FU Groups remained open for a mean of 46.17 days and 14.62 days, respectively. The control ears healed within 10.4 days. Fibrosis of the MMC-treated group was the same as that of 5-FU-treated groups. Fibrosis of both study groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: MMC is more effective than 5-FU, which is more effective than the simple myringotomy procedure in extending the patency of myringotomies in rat tympanic membranes (p < 0.05). Both medications are useful as an adjunct in preventing myringotomy closure.

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the adverse effects of octreotide on wound healing.

OBJECTIVE: Octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, has been used in the treatment of various disorders. Octreotide has significant detrimental impacts upon wound healing. We tested the hypothesis that hyperbaric oxygen therapy may overcome octreotide-mediated suppression of wound healing. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, parallel-group animal study. METHODS: Operated rats were divided into four groups: (1) controls, (2) octreotide therapy, (3) hyperbaric oxygen therapy and (4) combination of octreotide and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Wound healing was assessed by breaking-strength measurements, hydroxyproline levels and fibrosis scores. RESULTS: Octreotide decreased the breaking-strength measurements, hydroxyproline levels and fibrosis scores to 72%, 88% and 55%, respectively, of the control group. In the combination group, hyperbaric oxygen therapy increased breaking-strength measurements and hydroxyproline levels to 137% and 126%, respectively, of the control group. In the combination group, hyperbaric oxygen therapy tended to increase the fibrosis scores to 111% of the control group, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy tends to reverse the octreotide-induced impairment of wound healing.

Mönckeberg's sclerosis: an unusual presentation--a case report.

Calcification of the media of peripheral arteries is referred to as Mönckeberg's sclerosis and occurs commonly in aged individuals. However, it also occurs in younger patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. In diabetic patients, medial calcification appears to be a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. In this report, we have presented a 20 year-old-patient with extensive peripheral artery calcification. The etiology of calcification was not identified. It has been suggested that this was an unusual form of Mönckeberg's sclerosis.

The effects of incisional myringotomy and CO2 laser myringotomy on rat tympanic membranes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare closure rates and histopathological findings of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser myringotomies to those of incisional myringotomy. STUDY DESIGN: We performed CO(2) laser round myringotomy on left ears and incisional round myringotomy on the right ears of 34 rats on the same day. The incisions were 2mm in size on both ears. Examination was made with otoendoscope on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 with videorecording. Two rats were sacrificed every 2 days for 25 days and every 5 days thereafter, randomly. The tympanic membranes (TM) were excised and hyalinization, fibrosis and inflammation were assessed with light microscope. RESULTS: Most of the CO(2) laser myringotomies healed after day 15, and all of them healed by day 50. Three of the incisional myringotomy perforations were closed at day 3, and the rest by day 15. Patency of CO(2) laser myringotomies was significantly longer than that of incisional myringotomies. Hyalinization, fibrosis and inflammation of the incisional myringotomy group were significantly less than those of the laser myringotomy group. CONCLUSIONS: CO(2) laser myringotomies remain patent for a longer period of time than the incisional procedure, however, they cause more tissue inflammation. We believe that CO(2) laser myringotomy is an effective method, however, additional studies are needed to identify its complications.

[Primary Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parotid gland: a case report]. / Parotis bezi yerlesimli Hodgkin lenfoma: Olgu sunumu.

Primary Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parotid gland is rare. A twenty-one-year-old man presented with a lesion that recurred two years after an excisional biopsy for a parotid gland mass. He underwent superficial parotidectomy. Frozen section examination suggested a diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient was treated by radiotherapy. A complete recovery was obtained after a 27-month follow-up.

Tuberculosis or tularemia? A molecular study in cervical lymphadenitis.

BACKGROUND: Over the last two to three decades there has been a marked decrease in certain bacterial infections in Turkey. One of them is tuberculosis. Of note, statistics published by the Turkish Ministry of Health (MoH) show decreasing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), but on the other hand, increasing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The most common form of EPTB is tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis (TCL). The increase in the number of TCL cases despite the decline in cases of PTB is seen as a paradoxical issue. In contrast there has been an increase in the number of oropharyngeal tularemia cases in the last decade in Turkey. The aim of this study was to draw attention to the importance of differentiating between TCL and tularemia lymphadenitis, because these diseases may have a similar histopathological appearance. METHODS: Thirty-two cases diagnosed as TCL were identified from the archives of a pathology laboratory (Patomer Pathology Laboratory, Bursa, Turkey). PCR tests for Francisella tularensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were carried out on the paraffin tissue blocks of these cases. At the same time, statistical data on PTB and EPTB for the period 1996-2010 were retrieved from the MoH and reviewed. Statistics related to tularemia, which has been diagnosed since 1988 and has been increasing in the last 10 years, were obtained from the Department of Zoonoses of the MoH. RESULTS: Six out of 32 (19%) cases who had previously been diagnosed with 'casseifying granulomatous lymphadenitis consistent with tuberculosis' were found to be positive for tularemia by PCR test of the cervical lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Oropharyngeal tularemia should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenitis in widespread geographic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including the Asian continent. In particular, if granulomatous inflammation with necrosis is seen histopathologically, tularemia should be excluded before making the diagnosis of TCL.