Effects of genotype and nutrient medium on obtaining haploid plants through ovary culture in cucumber.

BACKGROUND: Cucumber is a species that breeding studies for variety development are carried out intensively. However, double haploidy technology, which aims to shorten the breeding process, has not yet reached the desired level. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three induction (M1: Murashige and Skoog (MS), 0.04 mg L-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ); M2: MS, 0.15 mg L-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1.5 mg L-1 Kinetin; M3: MS, 0.1 mg L-1 2,4-D, 1 mg L-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and one regeneration (MS, 0.2 mg L-1 BAP, 0.05 mg L-1 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) media and 31 cucumber genotypes were used. At the end of study, in terms of embryo formation, M3 (33.41 embryos per 100 cultured ovaria, 99.61 embryos per 100 developed ovaria) and M2 (30.70 embryos per 100 cultured ovaria, 122.05 embryos per 100 developed ovaria) were found to be better than M1 (17.54 embryos per 100 cultured ovaria, 68.34 embryos per 100 developed ovaria). For plant formation, M1 (13.23 plants per 100 embryos) and M2 were found to be more succesful than M3. Ploidy analyses performed on 72 of 98 plants through flow cytrometry showed that obtained plants were various ploidy level (34.72% haploid, 37.5% diploid, 22.22% mixoploid, and 5.55% tetraploid). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the research, 2,4-D added to the nutrient media seems to be successful in induction of ovary culture in cucumber. In plants determined as diploid according to ploidy analysis, doubled haploid situation should be checked by molecular analysis.

Postoperative pain and neuropathy after caesarean operation featuring blunt or sharp opening of the fascia: a randomised, parallel group, double-blind study.

The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative pain and neuropathy after primary caesarean sections with either blunt or sharp fascial expansions. A total of 123 women undergoing primary caesarean sections were included in the study. The sharp group had 61 patients, and the blunt group had 62. In the sharp group, the fascia was incised sharply and extended using scissors. In blunt group, the fascia was bluntly opened by lateral finger-pulling. The primary outcome was postoperative pain. The long-term chronic pain scores were significantly lower in the blunt group during mobilisation (p = .012 and p = .022). Neuropathy was significantly more prevalent in the sharp group at both 1 and 3 months postoperatively (p = .043 and p = .016, respectively). The odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI for postoperative neuropathy at 1 and 3 months were as follows; OR 3.71, 95%CI 0.97-14.24 and OR 5.67, 95%CI 1.18-27.08, respectively. The OR for postoperative pain after 3 months was 3.26 (95%CI 1.09-9.73). The prevelance of postsurgical neuropathy and chronic pain at 3 months were significantly lower in the blunt group. Blunt fascial opening reduces the complication rate of postoperative pain and neuropathy after caesarean sections. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? The anatomic relationship of the abdominal fascia and the anterior abdominal wall nerves is a known fact. The fascia during caesarean sections can be opened by either a sharp or blunt extension. Data on the isolated impact of different fascial incisions on postoperative pain is limited. What do the results of this study add? The postoperative pain scores on the incision area are lower in the bluntly opened group compared to the sharp fascial incision group. By extending the fascia bluntly, a decrease in trauma and damage to nerves was observed. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or future research? The lateral extension of the fascia during caesarean sections must be done cautiously to prevent temporary damage to nerves and vessels. The blunt opening of the fascia by lateral finger pulling might be a preferred method over the sharp approach that uses scissors. We included only primary caesarean cases, however, comparisons of blunt and sharp fascial incisions in patients with more than one abdominal surgery should be explored in future studies.

Isolated congenital left ventricular diverticulum in an adult.

An isolated congenital left ventricular diverticulum, which is characterized by the local failure of the ventricular muscle during embryologic development, is a rare cardiac abnormality that may be found in isolated form or in the accompaniment of other cardiac abnormalities. Clinically, it has been reported to follow an asymptomatic course in the majority of cases; however, it may cause heart failure, arrhythmia, or chest pain in some patients.

Coronary artery perforations: four different cases and a review.

Coronary artery perforation (CAP) is a rare but feared complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. With the advent of new devices and technologies, interventionalists attempt more complex lesions, including more calcified or tortuous vessels and chronic total occlusions, which increases the incidence of CAP. A short literature review, in addition to four cases of CAP, is presented in this report.