Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients and health professionals of a radiation oncology department at a Spanish tertiary hospital.

BACKGROUND: The sanitary emergency created by the COVID-19 pandemic forced us to take exceptional measures that affect decision-making and administration of treatments with radiotherapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients and professionals in a radiation oncology department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We implement a plan with the objectives of maintaining radiotherapy treatment in those patients who need it and, at the same time, reducing the risk of spreading the virus to staff and patients. This plan included measures aimed at limiting the patient's stay in hospital, selecting those patients in whom radiotherapy cannot be delayed and protecting against infection through the use of physical protective measures. RESULTS: Between March 16 and May 31, 2020, 360 patients received radiotherapy in our department. In 14 patients (4.7%) the start of treatment was delayed by an average of 28 days. Four patients had a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR ) (6.6% and 1.1% of tested and all patients, respectively). Among the professionals, two PCR s were positive (16.6% and 4% of tested and all individuals, respectively). In the serology analysis 4 out of 50 department members were IgG positive (8%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that our department is located in a region with a high incidence of COVID-19 infection, the impact of the pandemic on our patients and staff has been moderate. The implementation of measures against infection and an adequate selection of patients for treatment allows radiation oncology departments to maintain clinical activity.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type II in Children: A Scoping Review.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta type II (DI2), also known as hereditary opalescent dentin, is one of the most common genetic disorders affecting the structure of dentin, not related with osteogenesis imperfecta, which involves both primary and permanent dentitions. The purpose of this article is to perform a scoping review of the published peer-reviewed literature (1986-2017) on DI2 management in children and to outline the most relevant clinical findings extracted from this review. Forty four articles were included in the present scoping review. According to the extracted data, the following are the most important tasks to be performed in clinical pediatric dentistry: to re-establish the oral mastication, esthetics, and speech, and the development of vertical growth of alveolar bone and facial muscles; to reduce the tendency to develop caries, periapical lesions and pain; to preserve vitality, form, and size of the dentition; to avoid interfering with the eruption process of permanent teeth; to decrease the risk of tooth fractures and occlusion disturbances; to return the facial profile to a more normal appearance; and to prevent or treat possible temporomandibular joint problems. Therefore, Pediatric Dentists should bear in mind that early diagnosis and treatment, together a long-term follow-up of DI2 in children, continue to be the best approaches for achieving enhanced patient psychological well-being and, in consequence, their quality of life.

Phase II clinical trial with metronomic oral vinorelbine and tri-weekly cisplatin as induction therapy, subsequently concomitant with radiotherapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Analysis of survival and value of ctDNA for patient selection.

BACKGROUND: Little progress has been achieved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with unresectable stage III disease and new drug schemes are warranted. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this open-label, single-arm, phase II trial 65 treatment-naïve stage III NSCLC deemed surgically unresectable by a multidisciplinary team were treated with 2 cycles of induction cisplatin at 80 mg/m2 every 21 days plus metronomic oral vinorelbine at 50 mg/day every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. During the concomitant treatment with thoracic radiotherapy cisplatin was administered in the same manner but oral vinorelbine was reduced to 30 mg/day. The objective was to administer a total radiotherapy dose of 66 Gy in 33 daily fractions of 2 Gy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Correlation between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels and survival was also evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty-five (78.5 %) patients completed treatment. Overall response rate, by RECIST criteria, was 66.2 %. Four (6.2 %) patients had complete response, 39 (60.0 %) partial response and 12 (18.5 %) stable disease. Seven patients (10.8 %) had progressive disease during the induction period. Median follow-up was 29.1 months (m), median PFS was 11.5 m (95 %CI: 9.6-15.4). PFS at 12 m in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population was 47.8 % (95 %CI: 35.1-59.4 %) and median OS was 35.6 m (95 %CI: 24.4-46.8). Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 14 (21.5 %) patients during induction and in 13 (24.5 %) patients during concomitant treatment with esophagitis occurring in 3% and pneumonitis in 1.5 % of the patients. Patients with undetectable ctDNA after 3 m follow-up had median PFS and OS of 18.1 m (95 %CI: 8.8-NR) and not reached (NR) (95 %CI: 11.3-NR), respectively, compared with 8.0 m (95 %CI: 2.7-NR) and 24.7 m (95 %CI: 5.7-NR) for patients who remained ctDNA positive at that time point. CONCLUSIONS: Metronomic oral vinorelbine and cisplatin obtains similar efficacy results with significantly lower toxicity than the same chemotherapy at standard doses. ctDNA can identify populations with particularly good prognosis.

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: randomized trial comparing oral uracil and tegafur and oral leucovorin vs. intravenous 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.

PURPOSE: To compare, in a randomized trial, 5-fluorouracil (FU) plus leucovorin (LV) (FU+LV) vs. oral uracil and tegafur (UFT) plus LV (UFT+LV) given concomitantly with preoperative irradiation in patients with cT3-4 or N+ rectal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 155 patients were entered onto the trial. Patients received pelvic radiotherapy (4500-5,040 cGy in 5 to 6 weeks) and chemotherapy consisting of two 5-day courses of 20 mg/m(2)/d LV and 350 mg/m(2)/d FU in the first and fifth weeks of radiotherapy (77 patients) or one course of 25 mg/d oral LV and 300 mg/m(2)/d UFT for 4 weeks beginning in the second week of radiotherapy (78 patients). The primary endpoints were pathologic complete response (pCR) and resectability rate. Secondary endpoints included downstaging rate, toxicity, and survival. RESULTS: Grade 3-5 acute hematologic toxicity occurred only with FU+LV (leukopenia 9%; p = 0.02). There were no differences in resectability rates (92.1% vs. 93.4%; p = 0.82). The pCR rate was 13.2% in both arms. Tumor downstaging was more frequent with UFT+LV (59.2% vs. 43.3%; p = 0.04). Three-year overall survival was 87% with FU+LV and 74% with UFT+LV (p = 0.37). The 3-year cumulative incidences of local recurrence were 7.5% and 8.9%, respectively (p = 0.619; relative risk, 1.46; 95% confidence interval 0.32-6.55). CONCLUSION: Although this study lacked statistical power to exclude clinically significant differences between both groups, the outcome of patients treated with UFT+LV did not differ significantly from that of patients treated with FU+LV, and hematologic toxicity was significantly lower in the experimental arm.

Metastatic disease from chordoma.

Chordomas are tumors with a bad prognosis, because of their location, local aggressiveness and high rate of local relapse. Despite of be benign tumors, they have certain capacity of metastasize and a clinical evolution that results interesting. When we analyzed our series with 35 chordomas studied and treated between 1975 and 2002, we found three patients that experienced a systemic dissemination.

In vitro radiosensitisation by trabectedin in human cancer cell lines.

PURPOSE: To examine the potential radiosensitising properties of trabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis). METHODS AND MATERIALS: In vitro chemosensitivity was assessed in four tumour cell lines (DU145, HeLa, HT29, HOP62) by the crystal violet method. IC10s and IC50s were established for 1-h, 24-h and 7-day (continuous) exposure times. Radiosensitisation was evaluated by conventional colony assay. BrdUrd DNA-labelling and flow cytometry were used to analyse cell cycle kinetics. The rate of apoptotic induction was assed by annexyn-V labelling. RESULTS: Mean IC50s were 18.8 nM (10.5 - 30), 2.5 nM (1.5 - 5) and 0.25 nM (0.2-0.8) for 1 h, 24 h and continuous exposure times, respectively. HT29 and HOP62 were the most sensitive cells lines to trabectedin. Radiosensitisation was observed in DU145 and HeLa cells with a dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.92 and 1.77 at IC50 dose level, respectively. Trabectedin induced early S phase arrest in all cell lines studied. CONCLUSIONS: Trabectedin, at pharmacologically appropriated concentrations, harbours a significant in vitro radiosensitising effect and induces cell cycle changes and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines. Further studies to define the clinical potential of the combination of trabectedin and radiotherapy are needed.

Detección de anticuerpos IgM a Leptospira en humanos en riesgo ocupacional en Villavicencio, Meta / Detection of IgM antibodies to Leptospira in human population with occupational risk factors in Villavicencio, Meta

humana y los factores de riesgo ocupacional asociados en Villavicencio, Meta. Materiales ymétodos. Se aplicó un modelo epidemiológico transversal con selección por convenienciade grupos e individuos dentro de grupos. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre por puncióncubital de 273 personas correspondientes a 8 grupos de riesgo. Se obtuvo información defactores de riesgo mediante entrevista. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgM mediante ELISAindirecta. Se utilizó una prueba de χ2 mediante el programa SPSS 11.0 para Windows.Resultados. La seroprevalencia general fue 19%. Por grupos fue para trabajadores dematadero 7%, veterinarios y auxiliares de clínica de pequeños animales 17%, estudiantes deúltimo año de MVZ 17%, ordeñadores 21%, trabajadores de arrozales 23%, trabajadores degranjas porcícolas 35%, trabajadores de piscícolas 48%. Se encontraron 3 factores asociados,el estrato rural p = 0.0005 ICCR 1.50 a 3.83, tenencia de mascota canina p = 0.046 ICCR1.03 a 3.26 y contacto con roedores en el trabajo p = 0.000037 ICCR = 1.73 a 4.75.Conclusiones. Se encontró una alta seroprevalencia general de infectados por Leptospira,siendo los grupos de más alta prevalencia los trabajadores piscícolas y de granjas porcícolas.Se reconoce una vez más el carácter ocupacional de la infección posiblemente por falta demedidas de higiene y protección laboral.