[Study on regularity of Tibetan medicine in treatment of gZav-Grib disease (apoplexy sequelae) based on HIS clinical medical records].

This research is launched to look for the medication rules and characteristics of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of gZav-Grib( apoplexy sequelae). HIS records of gZav-Grib patients were selected from the Tibetan Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region and Tibetan Hospital of the city of Naqu. SPSS Modeler,Gephi and other data mining and visualization software were used to study the actual law of drug use in the treatment of gZav-Grib in Tibetan medicine. Finally,479 cases of gZav-Grib patients in Tibetan medicine were included. Their average age is 63 and average hospital stay was 32 days. In total,82 Tibetan medicine prescriptions were used for treating gZav-Grib. The frequency in the front is Twenty-flavor Chenxiang Pills( 338 times),Ruyi Zhenbao Pills( 322 times),and Seventy-flavor Zhenzhu Pills( 315 times). According to the regularity of Tebitan medicine,they were applied in different time periods including the early morning,morning,noon,and evening,for example,in the early morning: Seventy-flavor Zhenzhu Pills,morning: Ruyi Zhenbao Pills,noon: Eighteen-flavor Dujuan Pills,evening: Twenty-flavor Chenxiang Pills. In the clinical joint,18 groups were found in the 10% support and 70% confidence. There are two prescriptions confidence more than 80% which nature focus on Gan,Ruan,Xi,Liang,Dun,Han,Wen. gZav-Grib of Tibetan medicine can be divided into two types: r Lung-Grib type and k Hrag-Grib type,in which the medicine of r Lung-Grib type takes Seventy-flavor Zhenzhu Pills as the core prescription,while the medicine of k Hrag-Grib type takes Ruyi Zhenbao Pills as the core prescription. It is found that the treatment of gZav-Grib by Tibetan medicine is mainly dominated by the treatment idea about " Therapeutic r Lung and blood,Consideration of venous diseases". Treatment functions is promoting the circulation of Qi,clearing blood heat and getting rid of bad blood,achieving the purpose of treating both principal secondary aspect of gZav-Grib. The research methods based on the HIS can't only optimize the Tibetan treating gZav-Grib sequela treatment plan and rule of medication,but also provide the scientific basis for Tibetan medicine treat gZav-Grib.

[Analysis on medication regularity and action mechanism of Tibetan medicine in treatment of spleen and stomach diseases based on data mining and integrated pharmacology].

To explore the medication regularity of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, analyze the potential drug targets and interactions of the prescriptions, and reveal the mechanism of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. The prescriptions in Tibetan medicine for treatment of spleen and stomach diseases were collected, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was used to analyze the association rules between the herbs and discover the core herbs and new prescriptions. The integrated pharmacology platform V1.0 software was used to construct "herb-compound-target" network and investigate the interactions between various herbs and related pathways of Tibetan medicine Wuwei Shiliu powder in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. Among the 216 prescriptions of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, pomegranate seed was used at a highest frequency (118 times), followed by white cardamom (107 times) and comatose (107 times). 12 new prescriptions were evolved by using the association rules (support>=34%, confidence>=0.85). 5 242 related drug targets and 20 related pathways were obtained from classic formula Wuwei Shiliu Powder (FDR<0.01). It was proposed that Tibetan medicine treatment for spleen and stomach diseases was mainly based on proliferation of "stomach fire" and the main drugs were for regulating Qi-flowing for strengthening spleen. The mechanism may be associated with regulation of digestive juice secretion, proton pump, mitochondria, regulation of intestinal digestion and immunity, the body's immunity to microorganisms function and other multiple targets and pathways to achieve the joint intervention.

Processing methods and the underlying detoxification mechanisms for toxic medicinal materials used by ethnic minorities in China: A review.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Various toxic medicinal materials have been used by different ethnic minorities in China for thousands of years because of their extraordinary pharmacological activities. However, the improper use and complex toxicity-efficacy relationship could cause poisoning and even death. Therefore, the study of toxicity-attenuating methods and mechanisms is necessary. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review aims to summarize commonly used toxic ethnomedicines and their processing methods as well as the underlying mechanisms to potentially reduce toxicity and even enhance or preserve efficacy. Prospective for possible future investigations is also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Processing methods and mechanisms are investigated mainly through literature review. RESULTS: Processing methods with heating (boiling, stir frying, and steaming, etc.) and without heating (soaking) are usually used by Chinese ethnic minorities to attenuate the toxicity of ethnomedicines. Wheat bran, vinegar, wine, and herbal decoction are commonly used processing excipients. The mechanisms of detoxification by processing can be briefly summarized into three major categories: (1) direct elimination of impurities or reduction of toxic constituents' contents of ethnomedicines by cutting, washing, soaking or frosting; (2) chemical structure transformation of toxic constituents, such as alkaloids, glycosides, toxic proteins, animal toxicants, and mineral components, during heating and/or soaking; and (3) biological synergism or antagonism effects between the chemical constituents of processing excipients and ethnomedicines in vivo, to reduce toxicity and protect target organs. CONCLUSION: Toxic ethnomedicines have long been used in China, and detoxification by processing is the prerequisite for their safe clinical application. However, understanding on the special processing methods and detoxification mechanisms of ethnomedicines in China remains insufficient. Investigations on quality control of toxic ethnomedicines, as well as evaluation of processing methods and studies of the corresponding mechanisms should be further strengthened for safe and effective clinical application.