Prediction of Subsequent Vertebral Fracture After Acute Osteoporotic Fractures from Clinical and Paraspinal Muscle Features.

To construct a nomogram based on clinical factors and paraspinal muscle features to predict vertebral fractures occurring after acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). We retrospectively enrolled 307 patients with acute OVCF between January 2013 and August 2022, and performed magnetic resonance imaging of the L3/4 and L4/5 intervertebral discs (IVDs) to estimate the cross-sectional area (CSA) and degree of fatty infiltration (FI) of the paraspinal muscles. We also collected clinical and radiographic data. We used univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to identify factors that should be included in the predictive nomogram. Post-OVCF vertebral fracture occurred within 3, 12, and 24 months in 33, 69, and 98 out of the 307 patients (10.8%, 22.5%, and 31.9%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that this event was associated with percutaneous vertebroplasty treatment, higher FI at the L3/4 IVD levels of the psoas muscle, and lower relative CSA of functional muscle at the L4/5 IVD levels of the multifidus muscle. Area under the curve values for subsequent vertebral fracture at 3, 12, and 24 months were 0.711, 0.724, and 0.737, respectively, indicating remarkable accuracy of the nomogram. We developed a model for predicting post-OVCF vertebral fracture from diagnostic information about prescribed treatment, FI at the L3/4 IVD levels of the psoas muscle, and relative CSA of functional muscle at the L4/5 IVD levels of the multifidus muscle. This model could facilitate personalized predictions and preventive strategies.

Extracellular vesicles derived from cervical cancer cells carrying MCM3AP-AS1 promote angiogenesis and tumor growth in cervical cancer via the miR-93/p21 axis.

Tumor cells can promote angiogenesis by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). Meanwhile, tumor-derived EVs can carry long non-coding RNAs to activate pro-angiogenic signaling in endothelial cells. Here, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 carried by cervical cancer (CC) cell-derived EVs in the angiogenesis and the resultant tumor growth in CC, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms. LncRNAs significantly expressed in CC cell-derived EVs and CC were screened, followed by prediction of downstream target genes. EVs were isolated from HcerEpic and CaSki cell supernatants, followed by identification. The expression of MCM3AP-AS1 in CC was analyzed and its interaction with miR-93-p21 was confirmed. Following co-culture system, the role of MCM3AP-AS1 carried by EVs in HUVEC angiogenic ability, CC cell invasion and migration in vitro along with angiogenesis and tumorigenicity in vivo was assayed. MCM3AP-AS1 was overexpressed in CC cell-derived EVs as well as in CC tissues and cell lines. Cervical cancer cell-derived EVs could transfer MCM3AP-AS1 into HUVECs where MCM3AP-AS1 competitively bound to miR-93 and upregulate the expression of the miR-93 target p21 gene. Thus, MCM3AP-AS1 promoted angiogenesis of HUVECs. In the similar manner, MCM3AP-AS1 enhanced CC cell malignant properties. In nude mice, EVs-MCM3AP-AS1 induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. Overall, this study reveals that CC cell-derived EVs may transport MCM3AP-AS1 to promote angiogenesis and tumor growth in CC.

Comparison of whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MRI for distant metastases in patients with malignant tumors: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As a first-line imaging modality, whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and 18F-FDG PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had been widely applied in clinical practice. However, 18F-FDG PET/MRI may be superior to PET/CT for the diagnosis of distant metastases in patients with advanced-stage. Therefore, it is timely and important to systematically determine the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/MRI compared with that of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of distant metastases. METHODS: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MRI for the diagnosis of distant metastases in patients with malignant tumors. Relevant studies using both 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MRI for assessment of distant metastases in patients with malignant tumors were searched in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus from January 2010 to November 2023. Two reviewers independently selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A reviewer extracted relevant data and assessed the quality of the eligible studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MRI were analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed. RESULTS: Across 14 studies (1042 patients), 18F-FDG PET/MRI had a higher sensitivity (0.87 versus 0.81), AUC value (0.98 versus 0.95), and similar specificity (0.97 versus 0.97), than PET/CT for detecting distant metastases. In 3 studies of breast cancer (182 patients), 18F-FDG PET/MRI had a higher sensitivity (0.95 versus 0.87) and specificity (0.96 versus 0.94) than PET/CT. In 5 studies of lung cancer (429 patients), 18F-FDG PET/CT had a higher sensitivity (0.87 versus 0.84) and a lower specificity (0.95 versus 0.96) to PET/MRI. CONCLUSIONS: 18F-FDG PET/MRI and PET/CT both performed well as detectors of distant metastases in patients with malignant tumors, and the former has higher sensitivity. The subgroup analysis highlights that 18F-FDG PET/MRI and PET/CT hold different advantages for distant metastases staging in different tumors, PET/MRI has a higher accuracy in patients with breast cancer patients, while PET/CT has a higher accuracy in patients with lung cancer.

Overuse wrist injuries in adolescent platform and springboard divers.

To investigate overuse wrist injuries in adolescent divers using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The bilateral wrists (76 wrists) of 38 professional divers were examined by MRI; 42 wrists with pain were placed in the symptomatic group, and 34 wrists without pain were placed in the asymptomatic group. Two experienced radiologists assessed the wrist injuries. Chi­square test was used to compare the difference in injuries between the two groups. Subchondral osteosclerosis was observed in 47.62% of symptomatic wrists and 52.94% of asymptomatic wrists. Distal radial epiphyseal plate injury was detected in 42.86% of symptomatic wrists and 11.76% of asymptomatic wrists. Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury was observed in 19.04% of symptomatic wrists and 8.82% of asymptomatic wrists. Bursae around the wrist were observed in 21.42% of symptomatic wrists and 17.64% of asymptomatic wrists. The incidence of distal radial epiphyseal plate injury was higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (P = 0.007), however, other injuries were not statistically different between the two groups (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated that adolescent divers had various wrist injuries, and distal radial epiphyseal plate injury was more common in the symptomatic wrist; these injuries show no specific clinical symptoms and are easily overlooked.

Refracture of the cemented vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty: risk factors and imaging findings.

BACKGROUND: To determine the related imaging findings and risk factors to refracture of the cemented vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) treatment. METHODS: Patients who were treated with PVP for single vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and met this study's inclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to January 2019. The follow-up period was at least 2 years. Forty-eight patients with refracture of the cemented vertebrae and 45 non-refractured patients were included. The following variates were reviewed: age, sex, fracture location, bone mineral density (BMD), intravertebral cleft (IVC), kyphotic angle (KA), wedge angle, endplate cortical disruption, cement volume, surgical approach, non-PMMA-endplate-contact (NPEC), cement leakage, other vertebral fractures, reduction rate (RR), and reduction angle (RA). Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to identify the independent risk factors of refracture. RESULTS: Refracture was found in 48 (51.6%) patients. Four risk factors, including IVC (P = 0.005), endplate cortical disruption (P = 0.037), larger RR (P = 0.007), and NPEC (P = 0.006) were found to be significant independent risk factors for refracture. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IVC or larger RR, NPEC, or endplate cortical disruption have a high risk of refracture in the cemented vertebrae after PVP.

Effect of Long-Term Diving on the Morphology and Growth of the Distal Radial Epiphyseal Plate of Young Divers: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long-term diving on the morphology and growth of the distal radial epiphyseal plate in young divers. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Guangzhou Sport University. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-eight professional divers, aged 10 to 17 years, and 25 age-matched volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Each subject received a physical examination at the beginning of the study and underwent bilateral magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist. The divers were divided into 2 groups depending on the status of the epiphyseal plate: group A (positive distal radial epiphyseal plate injury) and group B (no positive distal radial epiphyseal plate injury). A third group, group C, consisted of the 25 volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The frequency of distal radial epiphyseal plate injury and the thickness of the distal radial epiphyseal plate were analyzed across the 3 groups. RESULTS: Twenty-nine cases (29/76, 38.15%) of distal radial epiphyseal plate injury were observed in 20 divers (20/38, 52.63%). The incidence of injury to the right hand was higher than that for the left (P = 0.009). There were statistically significant differences (P = 0.000) among the 3 groups in terms of epiphyseal plate thickness; group A > group B > group C. CONCLUSIONS: Distal radial epiphyseal plate injury is common in divers, and more injuries are seen in the right hand. Moreover, growth of the radius was impaired in divers relative to controls. We consider that loading during diving may influence growth of the epiphyseal plate in either a transient or permanent manner.

Risk Factors for Lymphovascular Invasion in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Based on Clinical and Preoperative Breast MRI Features: a Retrospective Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) plays an important role in the prediction of metastasis and prognosis in breast cancer (BC) patients. The present study assessed correlations between preoperative breast MRI, clinical features, and LVI in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and identified risk factors based on these correlation factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients confirmed with IDC between 01/2012 and 12/2021 were retrospectively reviewed at our hospital. A total of 5 clinical and 14 MRI features to characterize tumours were extracted. LVI evaluated in hematoxylin and eosin sections. T-test and chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in clinical and MRI features between the LVI positive and negative groups. The associations between individual features and LVI were analysed by univariable logistic regression analysis, and risk factors for LVI were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis based on these correlation factors. RESULTS: This study included 353 patients with IDC, including 130 with positive LVI. Age, CEA, CA-153, amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT), background parenchymal enhancement, tumour size, shape, skin thickening, nipple retraction, adjacent vessel sign, and axillary lymph node (ALN) size in the LVI positive group were significantly different from the LVI negative group (all p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio OR = 1.030), CA-153 (OR = 1.018), heterogeneous FGT (OR = 2.484), shape (OR = 2.157), and ALN size (OR = 1.051) were risk factors for LVI (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative breast MRI and clinical features correlated with LVI, age, CA-153, heterogeneous FGT, shape, and ALN size are risk factors for LVI in patients with IDC.

Application of shear wave elastography and B-mode ultrasound in patellar tendinopathy after extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in morphological and elastic properties, as estimated by B-mode ultrasound (B-US) and shear wave elastography (SWE), in volleyball athletes with patellar tendinopathy (PT) and changes after extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) as well as their relationships with US measurements and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) scores in PT. METHODS: Twelve healthy athletes (24 patellar tendons) and 31 volleyball athletes with PT (48 tendons) were included. All were examined by US and received VISA-P scores before the start of the study. The athletes received 3 months of ESWT and underwent US and VISA-P at 1 month and 3 months. VISA-P scores were used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Tendon thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) were detected by B-US, and the elastic modulus was measured by SWE. Correlations between VISA-P and US measurements were calculated. RESULTS: Thickness, CSA, and elastic modulus of the patellar tendon in PT were higher than those in healthy athletes (P < 0.000). In PT with ESWT, VISA-P scores decreased by 22.1% (P < 0.000) and thickness decreased by 11.2% relative to baseline (P < 0.000). CSA decreased by 1.4% (P < 0.000). The elastic modulus decreased by 15.2% (P < 0.000). Elastic modulus, thickness, and CSA had significant negative correlations with VISA-P scores (P ≤ 0.005), with a stronger correlation between elastic modulus and VISA-P. CONCLUSION: Athletes with PT had stiffer and larger tendons than healthy athletes. SWE combined with B-US could clearly show the changes in tendon thickness, CSA, stiffness in PT, and changes after treatment. SWE combined with B-US provided visualization with quantitative, reproducible, and noninvasive imaging in the follow-up evaluation of PT and is worth promoting clinically.

Correction to: Application of shear wave elastography and B-mode ultrasound in patellar tendinopathy after extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

In the original publication of the article the Fig. 1 has been removed, as the authors did not obtain the appropriate permission from the rights holder to use the image in this article.

The influences of walking, running and stair activity on knee articular cartilage: Quantitative MRI using T1 rho and T2 mapping.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the different influences of walking, running and stair activity on knee articular cartilage with T1 rho and T2 mapping sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI (3.0-T) scans of the right knee were performed in twenty-three young healthy adults immediately after 30 minutes of rest, walking, running and stair activity respectively. Articular cartilage was quantitatively assessed based on T1 rho and T2 relaxation times. Analysis of variance for random block design data, bonferroni test and paired samples t tests were performed to estimate the different influences of physiological activities on articular cartilage. RESULTS: T1 rho and T2 values had reductions after physiological activities in all regions of articular cartilage. T1 rho and T2 values were decreased more after running than walking. T1 rho and T2 values were decreased more after stair activity than running, except for femoral cartilage. The superficial layer of patella cartilage had higher reduction rates than the deep layer. The T1 rho and T2 values of articular cartilage were reduced in the following order: patellofemoral cartilage> medial tibiofemoral cartilage> lateral tibiofemoral cartilage. Patellofemoral cartilage experienced reductions in the following order: lateral part> middle part> medial part. Tibiofemoral cartilage had reductions in the following order: posterior part> middle part> anterior part. CONCLUSIONS: T1 rho and T2 mapping sequences can quantitatively reflect the different influences of physiological activities on knee articular cartilage. Fluid shifts, collagen fiber deformation, spatial heterogeneity, inherent differences in material properties and tissue stiffness have close relationship with cartilage loading characteristics.