Hybrid Membrane Composed of Nickel Diselenide Nanosheets with Carbon Nanotubes for Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfides in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries demonstrate enormous energy density are promising forms of energy storage. Unfortunately, the slow redox kinetics and polysulfides shuttle effect are some of the factors that prevent the its development. To address these issues, the hybrid membrane with combination of nickel diselenide nanosheets modified carbon nanotubes (NSN@CNTs) and utilized Li2 S6 catholyte for lithium sulfur battery. The conductive CNTs facilitates fast electronic/ionic transport, while the polarity of NSN as a strong affinity to lithium polysulfides, effectively anchoring them, facilitating the redox conversion of polysulfide species, and effectively diminishing reaction barriers. The cell with NSN@CNTs delivers the first discharge capacity of 1123.8 mAh g-1 and maintains 786.5 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles (0.2 C) at the sulfur loading 5.4 mg. Its rate capability is commendable, enabling it to sustain a capacity of 559.8 mAh g-1 even at a high discharge rate of 2 C. In addition, its initial discharge capacity can remain 8.33 mAh even at 10.8 mg for duration of 100 cycles. This research indicates the potential application of NSN@CNTs hybrid materials in lithium-sulfur batteries.

Spatial transcriptomics reveals heterogeneity of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of granulomatous slack skin.

Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is an extremely rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma accompanied by an abundant number of macrophages and is clinically characterized by the development of pendulous skin folds. However, the characteristics of these macrophages in GSS remain unclear. Here, we conducted a spatial transcriptomic study on one frozen GSS sample and drew transcriptomic maps of GSS for the first time. Gene expression analysis revealed the enrichment of three clusters with macrophage transcripts, each exhibiting distinct characteristics suggesting that their primary composition consists of different subpopulations of macrophages. The CD163+ /CD206+ cluster showed a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) M2-like phenotype and highly expressed ZFP36, CCL2, TNFAIP6, and KLF2, which are known to be involved in T-cell interaction and tumor progression. The APOC1+ /APOE+ cluster presented a non-M1 or -M2 phenotype and may be related to lipid metabolism. The CD11c+ /LYZ+ cluster exhibited an M1-like phenotype. Notably, these cells strongly expressed MMP9, MMP12, CHI3L1, CHIT1, COL1A1, TIMP1, and SPP1, which are responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and tissue remodeling. This may partially explain the symptoms of cutaneous relaxation in GSS. Further immunohistochemistry on four GSS cases demonstrated that CD11c predominantly marked granulomas and multinucleated giant cells, whereas CD163 was mainly expressed on scattered macrophages, appearing as a mutually exclusive pattern. The expression pattern of MMP9 overlapped with that of CD11c, implying that CD11c+ macrophages may be a source of MMP9. Our data shed light on the characteristics of macrophages in the GSS microenvironment and provide a theoretical basis for the application of MMP9 inhibitors to prevent cutaneous relaxation of GSS. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

[Buyang Huanwu Decoction promotes arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischemia in mice by activating PDGF signaling pathway].

This study aims to investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on blood flow recovery and arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischemia in mice via the platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) signaling pathway. Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomized into model(clean water, 10 mL·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), beraprost sodium(positive control, 18 µg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose(10, 20, and 40 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), respectively) Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups(n=8). The hindlimb ischemia model was established by femoral artery ligation. The mice were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage daily for 14 days after ligation. For laser Doppler perfusion imaging, the mice were anesthetized and measured under a Periscan PSI imager. The density of capillary and arterio-le in the ischemic gastrocnemius was measured using immunofluorescence staining of the frozen tissue sections. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of PDGF subunit B(PDGFB), phosphorylated mitogen extracellular kinase(p-MEK), MEK, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK), and ERK. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA level of PDGFB. The Buyang Huanwu Decoction-containing serum was used to treat the vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) in hypoxia at doses of 10% and 20%. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs was assessed in vitro. The results showed that compared with the model group, beraprost sodium and Buyang Huanwu Decoction enhanced the blood flow recovery, increased the capillary and arteriole density, and up-regulated the protein levels of PDGFB, p-MEK, p-ERK, and mRNA levels of PDGFB, with the medium-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction demonstrating the most significant effect. The 10% Buyang Huanwu Decoction-containing serum enhanced the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Our findings demonstrate that Buyang Huanwu Decoction up-regulates PDGFB transcription and activates PDGF signaling pathway to promote arteriogenesis and blood flow recovery in ischemic gastrocnemius.

Esaxerenone Inhibits Renal Angiogenesis and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition via the VEGFA and TGF-ß1 Pathways in Aldosterone-Infused Mice.

Renal fibrosis is an inevitable process in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Angiogenesis plays an important role in this process. Vascular endothelial cells are involved in renal fibrosis by phenotypic transformation and secretion of extracellular matrix. Aldosterone stimulates mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces inflammation, which is important for angiogenesis. Clinically, MR blockers (MRBs) have a protective effect on damaged kidneys, which may be associated with inhibition of angiogenesis. In this study, we used aldosterone-infused mice and found that aldosterone induced angiogenesis and that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in neovascular endothelial cells was involved in renal fibrosis. Notably, aldosterone induced inflammation and stimulated macrophages to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A to regulate angiogenesis by activating MR, whereas EndMT occurred in response to transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) induction and participated in renal fibrosis. These effects were antagonized by the MRB esaxerenone. These findings suggest that reducing angiogenesis may be an effective strategy for treating renal fibrosis.

Recent Progress in the Integration of CO2 Capture and Utilization.

CO2 emission is deemed to be mainly responsible for global warming. To reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and to use it as a carbon source, CO2 capture and its conversion into valuable chemicals is greatly desirable. To reduce the transportation cost, the integration of the capture and utilization processes is a feasible option. Here, the recent progress in the integration of CO2 capture and conversion is reviewed. The absorption, adsorption, and electrochemical separation capture processes integrated with several utilization processes, such as CO2 hydrogenation, reverse water-gas shift reaction, or dry methane reforming, is discussed in detail. The integration of capture and conversion over dual functional materials is also discussed. This review is aimed to encourage more efforts devoted to the integration of CO2 capture and utilization, and thus contribute to carbon neutrality around the world.

Evidence for Carbene Intermediates in Isocyanide Homologation by Aluminium(I).

The C-C bond formation between C1 molecules plays an important role in chemistry as manifested by the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. Serving as models for the FT process, we report here the reactions between a neutral AlI complex (Me NacNac)Al (1, Me NacNac=HC[(CMe)(NDipp)]2 , Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and various isocyanides. The step-by-step coupling mechanism was studied in detail by low-temperature NMR monitoring, isotopic labeling, as well as quantum chemical calculations. Three different products were isolated in reaction of 1 with the sterically encumbered 2,6-bis(benzhydryl)-4-Me-phenyl isocyanide (BhpNC). These products substantiate carbene intermediates. The reaction between 1 and adamantyl isocyanide (AdNC) generated a trimerization product, and a corresponding carbene intermediate could be trapped in the form of a molybdenum(0) complex. Tri-, tetra-, and even pentamerization products were isolated with the sterically less congested phenyl and p-methoxyphenyl isocyanides (PhNC and PMPNC) with concurrent construction of quinoline or indole heterocycles. Overall, this study provides evidence for carbene intermediates in FT-type chemistry of aluminium(I) and isocyanides.

A Borane Lewis Acid in the Secondary Coordination Sphere of a Ni(II) Imido Imparts Distinct C-H Activation Selectivity.

Two borane-functionalized bidentate phosphine ligands that vary in tether length have been prepared to examine cooperative metal-substrate interactions. Ni(0) complexes react with aryl azides at low temperatures to form structurally unusual κ2-(N,N)-N3Ar adducts. Warming these adducts affords products of N2 extrusion and in one case, a Ni-imido compound that is capped by the appended borane. Reactions with 1-azidoadamantane (AdN3) provide a distinct outcome, where a proposed nickel imido intermediate activates the sp2 C-H bonds of arenes, even in the presence of benzylic C-H sites. Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that the unique reactivity is a consequence of Lewis-acid-induced polarization of the Ni-NR bond, potentially providing a synthetic strategy for chemoselective reaction engineering.

Reconstruction of the gastric cancer microenvironment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy by longitudinal single-cell sequencing.

BACKGROUND: Little is known on the tumor microenvironment (TME) response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in gastric cancer on the molecular level. METHODS: Here, we profiled 33,589 cell transcriptomes in 14 samples from 11 gastric cancer patients (4 pre-treatment samples, 4 post-treatment samples and 3 pre-post pairs) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to generate the cell atlas. The ligand-receptor-based intercellular communication networks of the single cells were also characterized before and after NACT. RESULTS: Compered to pre-treatment samples, CD4+ T cells (P = 0.018) and CD8+ T cells (P = 0.010) of post-treatment samples were significantly decreased, while endothelial cells and fibroblasts were increased (P = 0.034 and P = 0.005, respectively). No significant difference observed with respect to CD4+ Tregs cells, cycling T cells, B cells, plasma cells, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells (P > 0.05). In the unsupervised nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis, we revealed that there were three transcriptional programs (NMF1, NMF2 and NMF3) shared among these samples. Compared to pre-treatment samples, signature score of NMF1 was significantly downregulated after treatment (P = 0.009), while the NMF2 signature was significantly upregulated after treatment (P = 0.013). The downregulated NMF1 and upregulated NMF2 signatures were both associated with improved overall survival outcomes based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, proangiogenic pathways were activated in tumor and endothelial cells after treatment, indicating that NACT triggers vascular remodeling by cancer cells together with stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study provided transcriptional profiles of TME between pre-treatment and post-treatment for in-depth understanding on the mechanisms of NACT in gastric cancer and empowering the development of potential optimized therapy procedures and novel drugs.

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Apoptosis in Myocardium by Upregulating MAPK3.

ABSTRACT: Chinese people have used the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (called "Danshen" in Chinese) for centuries as an anticancer agent, anti-inflammatory agent, antioxidant, and cardiovascular disease drug. In addition, Danshen is considered to be a drug that can improve ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardium injury in traditional Chinese medicine. However, Danshen is a mixture that includes various bioactive substances. In this study, we aimed to identify the protective component and mechanism of Danshen on myocardium through network pharmacology and molecular simulation methods. First, cryptotanshinone (CTS) was identified as a potential active compound from Danshen that was associated with apoptosis by a network pharmacology approach. Subsequently, biological experiments validated that CTS inhibited ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Molecular docking techniques were used to screen key target information. Based on the simulative results, MAPKs were verified as well-connected molecules of CTS. Western blotting assays also demonstrated that CTS could enhance MAPK expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of the MAPK pathway reversed the CTS-mediated effect on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Altogether, our work screened out CTS from Danshen and demonstrated that it protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis.

Peripheral T cell receptor beta immune repertoire is promptly reconstituted after acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by an inflammatory process in which T cell plays a key role. However, the profile of immune microenvironment in AMI is still uncertain. High-throughput sequencing of T cell receptor (TCR) provides deep insight into monitoring the immune microenvironment. METHODS: 30 patients with AMI were enrolled and 30 healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Flow cytometer were used to analyze the distribution of αß T cells and their CD69 expression from peripheral leukomonocytes. TCRß repertoire library was amplified by two-round multiplex PCR and detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS: The percentage of αß T cells in AMI patients were significantly restricted than those in healthy controls, while the highly activated αß T cells along with distinguishing usage of variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments were also found in AMI patients. In addition, AMI induced a significantly restricted CDR3 amino acid (AA) diversity and remarkably reconstituted TCR immune repertoires. Finally, we identified several AMI-associated tendency of CDR3 AAs expression after AMI. CONCLUSIONS: Our work suggests that the aberrant αß T cells distribution and activation may associated with the pathogenesis of AMI and demonstrates a reconstitution of TCRß immune repertoire after AMI.

Epigenomic profiling of DNA methylation for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: DNA hypermethylation has emerged as a novel molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of many cancers. We aimed to identify clinically useful biomarkers regulated by DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Genome-wide methylation analysis in HCCs and paired noncancerous tissues was performed using an Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip array. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing were used to validate the methylation status of selected genes in 100 paired HCCs and noncancerous samples. RESULTS: A total of 97 027 (20.0%) out of 485 577 CpG sites significantly were differed between HCC and noncancerous tissues. Among all the significant CpG sites, 48.8% are hypermethylated and 51.2% are hypomethylated in HCCs. Multiple signaling pathways (AMP-activated protein kinase, estrogen, and adipocytokine) involved in gene methylation were identified in HCC. FES was selected for further analysis based on its high level of methylation confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing. The result showed that FES hypermethylation was correlated with tumor size (0.001), serum alpha fetoprotein (0.023), and tumor differentiation (0.006). FES protein was significantly downregulated in 51/100 (51%) HCCs, and 94.12% (48/51) of them were due to promoter hypermethylation. Both FES hypermethylation and protein downregulation were associated with the progression-free survival and overall survival of HCC patients. Overexpressed and knockdown of FES confirmed its inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: We identified many new differentially methylated CpGs in HCCs and demonstrate that FES functions as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC and its methylation status could be used as an indicator for prognosis of HCC.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) inhibits TGF-ß-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: TGF-ß promotes tumor invasion and metastasis through inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recognized as functional non-coding RNAs involved in human cancers. However, whether and how circRNAs contribute to TGF-ß-induced EMT and metastasis in NSCLC remain vague. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) in TGF-ß-induced EMT and tumor metastasis, as well as a link between circPTK2 and transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1γ) in NSCLC. METHODS: Circular RNAs were determined by human circRNA Array analysis, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and northern blot. Luciferase reporter, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were employed to test the interaction between circPTK2 and miR-429/miR-200b-3p. Ectopic overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of circPTK2, TGF-ß-induced EMT, Transwell migration and invasion in vitro, and in vivo experiment of metastasis were used to evaluate the function of circPTK2. Transcription and prognosis analyses were done in public databases. RESULTS: CircPTK2 and TIF1γ were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC cells undergoing EMT induced by TGF-ß. CircPTK2 overexpression augmented TIF1γ expression, inhibited TGF-ß-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion, whereas circPTK2 knockdown had the opposite effects. CircPTK2 functions as a sponge of miR-429/miR-200b-3p, and miR-429/miR-200b-3p promote TGF-ß-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion by targeting TIF1γ. CircPTK2 overexpression inhibited the invasion-promoting phenotype of endogenous miR-429/miR-200b-3p in NSCLC cells in response to TGF-ß. CircPTK2 overexpression significantly decreased the expression of Snail, an important downstream transcriptional activator of TGF-ß/Smad signaling. In an in vivo experiment of metastasis, circPTK2 overexpression suppressed NSCLC cell metastasis. Moreover, circPTK2 expression was dramatically down-regulated and positively correlated with TIF1γ expression in human NSCLC tissues. Especially, circPTK2 was significantly lower in metastatic NSCLC tissues than non-metastatic counterparts. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that circPTK2 (hsa_circ_0008305) inhibits TGF-ß-induced EMT and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in NSCLC, revealing a novel mechanism by which circRNA regulates TGF-ß-induced EMT and tumor metastasis, and suggesting that circPTK2 overexpression could provide a therapeutic strategy for advanced NSCLC.

Methylation of tumor suppressor gene CDH13 and SHP1 promoters and their epigenetic regulation by the UHRF1/PRMT5 complex in endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Epigenetic changes in cancer and precancerous lesions could be utilized as biomarkers for cancer early detection. This study aims to investigate the novel biomarkers in endometrial carcinoma, and explore their epigenetic regulation. METHODS: Methylation of six tumor suppressor genes (CDH13, SHP1, HIN1, DKK3, CTNNA1 and PCDH8) was evaluated in 155 endometrium samples. Changes of methylation and mRNA expression after treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) or/and trichostatin A (TSA) were investigated by MSP and qRT-PCR respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interactions between UHRF1 and PRMT5 proteins. RESULTS: CDH13 and SHP1 promoters were highly methylated (81.36% and 86.44%, respectively) in endometrial carcinoma, while CDH13 promoter methylation was also present in complex hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia (51.72% and 50.00%, respectively). Methylation of CDH13 and SHP1 promoters was associated with age and tumor differentiation or muscular infiltration depth. CDH13 and SHP1 promoters were completely methylated in endometrial carcinoma cell lines and were partially reversed by 5-Aza-CdR or TSA to induce mRNA levels (P<0.01). After combined treatment with these two agents, methylation of CDH13 and SHP1 promoters was completely reversed and expression of their mRNA was significantly increased (P<0.01). Moreover, PRMT5 could bind to UHRF1 and down-regulated by 5-Aza-CdR and/or TSA treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate for the first time that SHP1 methylation has high specificity for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, while CDH13 promoter methylation plays a role in the earlier stage. Furthermore, UHRF1 could form a complex with PRMT5 to contribute to the endometrial carcinogenesis.

Photochromism and Photomagnetism of a 3d-4f Hexacyanoferrate at Room Temperature.

Polycyanometallate compounds with both photochromism and photomagnetism have appealing applications in optical switches and memories, but such optical behaviors were essentially restricted to the cryogenic temperature. We realized, for the first time, the photochromism and photomagnetism of 3d-4f hexacyanoferrates at room temperature (RT) in [Eu(III)(18C6)(H2O)3]Fe(III)(CN)6·2H2O (18C6 = 18-crown-6). Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from crown to Fe(III) yields long-lived charge-separated species at RT in air in the solid state and also weakens the magnetic susceptibility significantly. The PET mechanism and changing trend of photomagnetism differ significantly from those reported for known 3d-4f hexacyanoferrates. This work not only develops a new type of inorganic-organic hybrid photochromic material but opens a new avenue for RT photomagnetic polycyanometallate compounds.

Decreased levels of serum nesfatin-1 in patients with preeclampsia.

CONTEXT: Nesfatin-1 is implicated to possess an anti-inflammatory effect. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to investigate whether abnormal serum levels of nesfatin-1 are associated with the presence and severity of preeclampsia. METHODS: A total of 120 women with preeclampsia and 92 women with uncomplicated pregnancies were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Women with preeclampsia showed significantly reduced levels of serum nesfatin-1 levels than women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Serum nesfatin-1 levels were significantly decreased in women with severe preeclampsia compared with women with mild preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Decreased serum nesfatin-1 levels are associated with the presence and severity of preeclampsia.

Design and syntheses of electron-transfer photochromic metal-organic complexes using nonphotochromic ligands: a model compound and the roles of its ligands.

The model compound [Zn(HCOO)2(4,4'-bipy)] (1; 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) is selected in this work to demonstrate the effectiveness of our previously proposed design strategy for electron-transfer photochromic metal-organic complexes. The electron-transfer photochromic behavior of 1 has been discovered for the first time. Experimental and theoretical data illustrate that the photochromism of 1 can be attributed to the electron transfer from formato to 4,4'-bipy and the formation of a radical photoproduct. The electron transfer prefers to occur between formato and 4,4'-bipy, which are combined directly by the Zn(II) atoms. A high-contrast (up to 8.3 times) photoluminescence switch occurs during the photochromic process. The similarity of photochromic behaviors among 1 and its analogues as well as viologen compounds has also been found. Photochromic studies of this model compound indicate that new electron-transfer photochromic metal-organic complexes can be largely designed and synthesized by the rational assembly of nonphotochromic electron-donating and electron-accepting ligands.

Small cell carcinoma of the cervix at 32-week gestation: a case report and review of the literature.

Small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) in late pregnancy is extremely rare and often misdiagnosed. We describe a case report of a patient who was diagnosed with SCCC at 32 weeks of gestation. During Cesarean section, a radical hysterectomy was performed; the uterus and cervical stroma were excised, the pelvic lymph node was bilaterally dissected, and the para-aortic lymph node was biopsied. During the surgery, a metastatic mass measuring 3 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm in size was found in the left cervical stroma with enlarged obturator lymph nodes. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with stage IIa cervical cancer. The efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was poor due to the very late stage of the SCCC and the patient died from metastatic disease. Therefore, we suggest that cervical liquid-based cytology, in combination with immunocytochemical and molecular analyses, should be performed for the early detection of SCCC when abnormal vaginal bleeding is present during pregnancy.

Chlorido-[5,10,15,20-tetra-kis-(quinoline-7-carboxamido)-porphinato]iron(III).

The title compound, [Fe(C84H52N12O4)Cl], crystallizes in space group C2/c. The central FeIII cation (site symmetry 2) is coordinated in a fivefold manner, with four pyrrole N atoms of the porphyrin core in the basal sites and one Cl atom (site symmetry 2) in the apical position, which completes a slightly distorted square-pyramidal environment. The porphyrin macrocycle shows a characteristic ruffled-shape distortion and the iron atom is displaced out of the porphyrin plane by 0.42 Šwith the average Fe-N distance being 2.054 (4) Å; the Fe-Cl bond length is 2.2042 (7) Å. Inter-molecular C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur in the crystal structure.

(2,5-Di-methyl-imidazole){N,N',N'',N'''-[porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetra-yltetra-(2,1-phenyl-ene)]tetra-kis(pyridine-3-carboxamide)}manganese(II) chloro-benzene disolvate.

In the title compound, [Mn(C68H44N12O4)(C5H8N2)]·2C6H5Cl, the central MnII ion is coordinated by four pyrrole N atoms of the porphyrin core in the basal sites and one N atom of the 2,5-di-methyl-imidazole ligand in the apical site. Two chloro-benzene solvent mol-ecules are also present in the asymmetric unit. Due to the apical imidazole ligand, the Mn atom is displaced out of the 24-atom porphyrin mean plane by 0.66 Å. The average Mn-Np (p = porphyrin) bond length is 2.143 (8) Å, and the axial Mn-NIm (Im = 2,5-di-methyl-imidazole) bond length is 2.171 (8) Å. The structure displays inter-molecular and intra-molecular N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonding. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component inversion twin.

Leader-Following Synchronization Control of Multiagent Systems Under Hybrid Cyber Attacks via Impulsive Control Based on Topology Switching.

This article investigates the leader-following synchronization problem of multiagent systems (MASs) under hybrid cyber attacks, which refers to deception attacks and multichannel independent denial-of-service (DoS) attacks in communication channels. In order to achieve the secure control of MASs under hybrid cyber attacks, a novel impulsive control method based on topology switching is proposed, and a new algorithm for determining impulsive instants is designed. In addition, the cooperative-competitive relationship between agents is also considered, which is more in line with reality. Sufficient conditions for ensuring secure control of MASs and a parametric upper bound on the error vector norm between the agents and the leader are obtained. Finally, the numerical simulation verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.