[Study on the value of the formula of rapid synchronous stepwise increase in dosage of epinephrine combined with aminophylline (7 mg/kg) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of application and clinical value of use of epinephrine in graduate increased dosage according to the equation G=(K+2n-1)mg/3 minutes (K=1,2,n=1,2...5,G< or =0.2 mg/kg) combined with aminophylline in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: Three hundred and seventy-six patients with sudden cardiac arrest(CA) were randomly divided into 3 groups. Epinephrine and aminophylline were given through cubital vein with following methods: (1)CONTROL: (n=130). 1 mg of adrenaline was given as the first treatment. Repeat the same every 3 minutes if there was no effect. (2) In one hundred and thirty cases, the first dose of epinephrine was K=1 mg (n=122), K=2 mg (n=124). In K=1 mg group,epinephrine 1 mg and aminophylline 7 mg/kg were given as the first dose. If it was not effective, increasing dosage of epinephrine in order of 2, 3...17 mg and aminopyrine 7 mg/kg was given intravenously successively every 3 minutes (K=1, 2, n=1, 2...5). In group 2 (group equation 2), epinephrine 2 mg and aminophylline 7 mg/kg were given rapidly intravenously. If not effective, the drugs were repeated according to the equation intravenously every 3 minutes. When the dose of epinephrine exceeded 0.2 mg/kg, it should be stopped. Electrocardiogram, mean arterial pressure (MAP), the heart rate (HR), and the time of recovery of spontaneous circulation (+ROSC) were monitored, and they were evaluated for the effectiveness of resuscitation. RESULTS: (1)+ROSC rate (91.13%, 88.52%), the 24-hour survival rate (85.48%, 67.21%), the survival rate (49.19%, 31.15%), and the Glasgow coma scores [(13.12+/-1.27)scores, (12.28+/-1.32) scores] were all significantly elevated in groups in which patients received the modified regime compared with the control group [26.92%, 25.39%, 12.31% and (9.08+/-1.13) scores, all P<0.01]. The average time for +ROSC in the equation 2 and 1 groups was (8.93+/-3.27) minutes and (8.25+/-5.25) minutes, respectively, and they were significantly shorter than those of the control group [(39.25+/-9.75) minutes, both P<0.01]. (2) The average dose of the epinephrine was much reduced in achieving +ROSC in two groups with modified regimes as compared with control group [(11.75+/-3.25) mg and (13.85+/-5.15) mg, respectively vs. (24.65+/-4.35) mg, both P<0.05], and the number of using application epinephrine via intravenous from the CPR initial stage to +ROSC in the equation 2 and 1 groups was much significantly decreased compared with the control group [(3.45+/-0.55) times and (3.85+/-0.75) times vs. (18.25+/-0.75) times, both P<0.01]. CONCLUSION: The newly formed regime has better effects in increasing significantly the success rate of cardiac-resuscitation, the survival rate, and it also shortens the time for successful recovery of spontaneous circulation. It can improve the recovery of brain and nervous system function.

Peculiar phase diagram with isolated superconducting regions in ThFeAsN1-x O x.

ThFeAsN1-x O x ([Formula: see text]) system with heavy electron doping has been studied by the measurements of x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. The non-doped compound exhibits superconductivity at [Formula: see text] K, which is possibly due to an internal uniaxial chemical pressure that is manifested by the extremely small value of As height with respect to the Fe plane. With the oxygen substitution, the T c value decreases rapidly to below 2 K for [Formula: see text], and surprisingly, superconductivity re-appears in the range of [Formula: see text] with a maximum [Formula: see text] of 17.5 K at x = 0.3. For the normal-state resistivity, while the samples in intermediate non-superconducting interval exhibit Fermi liquid behavior, those in other regions show a non-Fermi-liquid behavior. The specific heat jump for the superconducting sample of x = 0.4 is [Formula: see text], which is discussed in terms of anisotropic superconducting gap. The peculiar phase diagram in ThFeAsN1-x O x presents additional ingredients for understanding the superconducting mechanism in iron-based superconductors.

[Mice cope with parabiosis − assessment of their physiological changes of life].

The purpose of this study was to establish a parabiotic mice model and assess the physiological changes of the mice under the parabiotic state. Thirteen pairs of isogenic partners were studied. The model was created by preparing a bridge of skin and subcutaneous tissues between the two mice starting distal of the elbow joint along the humerus along the lateral costal region until the end of the waist line. Physiological, social and affective qualities of life were studied in the mice through behavioural observations for 120 days following the parabiotic surgery. During the first 2-3 days following the operation, the animals suffered from severe pain and distress. During the following days and weeks, the physiological system began to recover and the animals displayed behavioral adaptations to the parabiotic condition. All animals survived at day 120. At three days post operation, the body weight began to decrease. Following this, the animals experienced a continual body weight recovery and reached pre-surgical measures at about 30 days post op. Forty-eight h post op., faecal corticosterone-metabolites were extremely elevated, but their levels returned to two to four times of levels in control females within 72 hours post op. The faecal corticosterone-metabolite levels decreased near to control values on day 75. Out of the 13 pairs, the blood exchange rate of three parabiotic partners was tested, with the result being normal post op. After 12 weeks, the total blood exchange between both partners needed 63 or 46 or 107 min, respectively. These results demonstrated that the animals could adapt behaviourally to the parabiotic situation. Therefore, this parabiosis mouse model may provide useful insights in many research areas, such as transplantation immunity, hematological system and metabolism, etc.