Photocatalytic Hydrosilylation over Pt@UiO-66-NH2: Enhanced Activity and Polymerization Kinetics.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great research and application value in various types of hydrosilylation reactions. However, studies on photocatalysis-induced hydrosilylation using MOFs are extremely rare. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs)@MOFs are extensively studied for their excellent structural tunability and photocatalytic activity, but there are few reports on their application in photocatalytic hydrosilylation. Here, a novel photocatalyst consisting of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles immobilized in a MOF framework is synthesized and used for photocatalytic hydrosilylation. The effects of various factors on hydrosilylation conversion are investigated, including catalyst concentration, substrate ratio, and irradiation intensity. Furthermore, the photoreactivity of the synthesized Pt catalyst is evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of 2-chlorothixanthone as a photosensitizer. It is noteworthy that the conversion of the reaction increases with increasing catalyst concentration or photosensitizer concentration, whereas increasing the polymethylhydrosiloxane content does not lead to a significant increase in conversion. This study demonstrates the potential of MNPs@MOFs as efficient photocatalysts for photoinduced hydrosilylation reactions and paves the way for future applications in this area.

Kilogram-Scale Fabrication of a Robust Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Framework for Separating Ethylene from a Ternary C2 Hydrocarbon Mixture.

One-step adsorptive purification of ethylene (C2H4) from a ternary mixture of acetylene (C2H2), C2H4, and ethane (C2H6) by a single material is of great importance but challenging in the petrochemical industry. Herein, a chemically robust olefin-linked covalent organic framework (COF), NKCOF-62, is designed and synthesized by a melt polymerization method employing tetramethylpyrazine and terephthalaldehyde as cheap monomers. This method avoids most of the disadvantages of classical solvothermal methods, which enable the cost-effective kilogram fabrication of olefin-linked COFs in one pot. Furthermore, NKCOF-62 shows remarkably selective adsorption of C2H2 and C2H6 over C2H4 thanks to its unique pore environments and suitable pore size. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that polymer-grade C2H4 can be directly obtained from C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 (1/1/1) ternary mixtures through a single separation process. Notably, NKCOF-62 is the first demonstration of the potential to use COFs for C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 separation, which provides a blueprint for the design and construction of robust COFs for industrial gas separations.

Modulating the Interlayer Stacking of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Acetylene Separation.

Controllable modulation of the stacking modes of 2D (two-dimensional) materials can significantly influence their properties and functionalities but remains a formidable synthetic challenge. Here, an effective strategy is proposed to control the layer stacking of imide-linked 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by altering the synthetic methods. Specifically, a modulator-assisted method can afford a COF with rare ABC stacking without the need for any additives, while solvothermal synthesis leads to AA stacking. The variation of interlayer stacking significantly influences their chemical and physical properties, including morphology, porosity, and gas adsorption performance. The resultant COF with ABC stacking shows much higher C2 H2 capacity and selectivity over CO2 and C2 H4 than the COF with AA stacking, which is not demonstrated in the COF field yet. Furthermore, the outstanding practical separation ability of ABC stacking COF is confirmed by breakthrough experiments of C2 H2 /CO2 (50/50, v/v) and C2 H2 /C2 H4 (1/99, v/v), which can selectively remove C2 H2 with good recyclability. This work provides a new direction to produce COFs with controllable interlayer stacking modes.

Solvent-Free Synthesis of C=N Linked Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of porous crystalline polymers with well-defined structures and tunable functionalities, which have fascinating applications in a wide range of fields. However, the synthetic procedures of COFs are mainly confined to the solvothermal synthesis method which usually requires harsh experimental conditions. In this work, an effective solvent-free synthesis method to construct a series of two-dimensional (2D) COFs including imine-linked, azine-linked, ß-ketoenamine-linked, which avoids the complicated solvent screening process and most of the disadvantages of solvothermal methods is developed. The crystallinity and porosity of these COFs are comparable to those prepared by traditional solvothermal routes. What's more, the advantages of the solvent-free method enable the production of gram-scale of those 2D COFs through a one-pot reaction, demonstrating high industrial application potentials.

The impact of anxiety, depression, and social support on the relationship between HIV-related stigma and mental health-related quality of life among Chinese patients: a cross-sectional, moderate-mediation study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: People living with HIV (PLWH) are prone to mental health problems and evidence indicates that HIV-related stigma can negatively impact mental health-related quality of life. This study explored potential mechanisms between HIV-related stigma and mental health-related quality of life, specifically whether anxiety or depression mediates, and whether social support moderates, the relationship. METHOD: A total of 1197 Chinese PLWH participated in the study. The Berger HIV Stigma Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the 12-item Brief Health Survey (SF-12), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were employed. RESULTS: HIV-related stigma was negatively associated with mental health-related quality of life. Anxiety and depression partially mediated the relationship between HIV-related stigma and mental health-related quality of life; social support played a moderating role. CONCLUSIONS: The mental health-related quality of life in PLWH was shown to be indirectly affected by HIV-related stigma through anxiety and depression in China. The negative impact of HIV-related stigma decreased with increased social support.

Face Database Protection via Beautification with Chaotic Systems.

The database of faces containing sensitive information is at risk of being targeted by unauthorized automatic recognition systems, which is a significant concern for privacy. Although there are existing methods that aim to conceal identifiable information by adding adversarial perturbations to faces, they suffer from noticeable distortions that significantly compromise visual perception, and therefore, offer limited protection to privacy. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of appearance anxiety on social media has led to users preferring to beautify their faces before uploading images. In this paper, we design a novel face database protection scheme via beautification with chaotic systems. Specifically, we construct the adversarial face with better visual perception via beautification for each face in the database. In the training, the face matcher and the beautification discriminator are federated against the generator, prompting it to generate beauty-like perturbations on the face to confuse the face matcher. Namely, the pixel changes produced by face beautification mask the adversarial perturbations. Moreover, we use chaotic systems to disrupt the order of adversarial faces in the database, further mitigating the risk of privacy leakage. Our scheme has been extensively evaluated through experiments, which show that it effectively defends against unauthorized attacks while also yielding good visual results.

Adversarial Data Hiding in Digital Images.

In recent studies of generative adversarial networks (GAN), researchers have attempted to combine adversarial perturbation with data hiding in order to protect the privacy and authenticity of the host image simultaneously. However, most of the studied approaches can only achieve adversarial perturbation through a visible watermark; the quality of the host image is low, and the concealment of data hiding cannot be achieved. In this work, we propose a true data hiding method with adversarial effect for generating high-quality covers. Based on GAN, the data hiding area is selected precisely by limiting the modification strength in order to preserve the fidelity of the image. We devise a genetic algorithm that can explore decision boundaries in an artificially constrained search space to improve the attack effect as well as construct aggressive covert adversarial samples by detecting "sensitive pixels" in ordinary samples to place discontinuous perturbations. The results reveal that the stego-image has good visual quality and attack effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use covert data hiding to generate adversarial samples based on GAN.

Predicting the Ratio of Nitrification to Immobilization to Reflect the Potential Risk of Nitrogen Loss Worldwide.

Nitrification and immobilization compete for soil ammonium (NH4+); the relative dominance of these two processes has been suggested to reflect the potential risk of nitrogen loss from soils. Here, we compiled a database and developed a stochastic gradient boosting model to predict the global potential risk of nitrogen loss based on the ratio of nitrification to immobilization (N/I). We then conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of common management practices on the N/I ratio. The results showed that the soil N/I ratio varied with climate zones and land use. Soil total carbon, total nitrogen, pH, fertilizer nitrogen application rate, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation are important factors of soil N/I ratio. Meta-analysis indicated that biochar, straw, and nitrification inhibitor application reduced the soil N/I ratio by 67, 64, and 78%, respectively. Returning plantation to forest and cropland to grassland decreased the soil N/I ratio by 88 and 45%, respectively. However, fertilizer nitrogen application increased the soil N/I ratio by 92%. Our study showed that the soil N/I ratio and its associated risk level of nitrogen loss were highly related to long-term soil and environmental properties with high spatial heterogeneity.

The Effect of Carbonic Maceration during Winemaking on the Color, Aroma and Sensory Properties of 'Muscat Hamburg' Wine.

This is the first study on the effect of carbonic maceration on the quality (color, aroma profile and sensory properties) of Muscat Hamburg, contrasting two winemaking procedures used in Tianjin (classical white and red-winemaking techniques). The values of C* (psychometric chroma), a* (measure of redness) and b* (measure of yellowness) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the carbonic macerated wine than in red wine. However, there were no visual differences in color, and classical red wine and carbonic macerated wine had similar h (hue angle) values and located in the red region. Thirty-two aromatic compounds were identified and quantified in Muscat Hamburg wines. The content of volatile compounds (6384.97 µg/L) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the carbonic macerated Muscat Hamburg wine than in the other kinds of wine. This result led to the carbonic macerated wine having the highest odor activity values (OAVs) and sensory evaluation scores (86.8 points), which correlates with an "excellent" sensory perception. This study demonstrated that carbonic maceration significantly improved the quality of Muscat Hamburg wine based on volatile analysis and sensory evaluation compared with other conventional methods. Therefore, carbonic maceration could be well suited for making Muscat Hamburg wine.

Suppressing ABA uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (SlUGT75C1) alters fruit ripening and the stress response in tomato.

Abscisic acid (ABA) glucose conjugation mediated by uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs) is an important pathway in regulating ABA homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated three tomato SlUGTs that are highly expressed in fruit during ripening, and these SlUGTs were localized to the cytoplasm and cell nucleus. Among these three UGTs, SlUGT75C1 catalyzes the glucosylation of both ABA and IAA in vitro; SlUGT76E1 can only catalyze the conjugation of ABA; and SlUGT73C4 cannot glycosylate either ABA or IAA. Therefore, SlUGT75C1 was selected for further investigation. SlUGT75C1 RNA interference significantly up-regulated the expression level of SlCYP707A2, which encodes an ABA 8'-hydroxylase but did not affect the expression of SlNCED1, which encodes a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. Suppression of SlUGT75C1 significantly accelerated fruit ripening by enhancing ABA levels and promoting the early release of ethylene. SlUGT75C1-RNAi altered the expression of fruit ripening genes (genes involved in ethylene release and cell wall catabolism). SlUGT75C1-RNAi seeds showed delayed germination and root growth compared with wild-type as well as increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA. SlUGT75C1-RNAi plants were also more resistant to drought stress. These results demonstrated that SlUGT75C1 plays a crucial role in ABA-mediated fruit ripening, seed germination, and drought responses in tomato.

Suppressing Type 2C Protein Phosphatases Alters Fruit Ripening and the Stress Response in Tomato.

Although ABA signaling has been widely studied in Arabidopsis, the roles of core ABA signaling components in fruit remain poorly understood. Herein, we characterize SlPP2C1, a group A type 2C protein phosphatase that negatively regulates ABA signaling and fruit ripening in tomato. The SlPP2C1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm close to AtAHG3/AtPP2CA. The SlPP2C1 gene was expressed in all tomato tissues throughout development, particularly in flowers and fruits, and it was up-regulated by dehydration and ABA treatment. SlPP2C1 expression in fruits was increased at 30 d after full bloom and peaked at the B + 1 stage. Suppression of SlPP2C1 expression significantly accelerated fruit ripening which was associated with higher levels of ABA signaling genes that are reported to alter the expression of fruit ripening genes involved in ethylene release and cell wall catabolism. SlPP2C1-RNAi (RNA interference) led to increased endogenous ABA accumulation and advanced release of ethylene in transgenic fruits compared with wild-type (WT) fruits. SlPP2C1-RNAi also resulted in abnormal flowers and obstructed the normal abscission of pedicels. SlPP2C1-RNAi plants were hypersensitized to ABA, and displayed delayed seed germination and primary root growth, and increased resistance to drought stress compared with WT plants. These results demonstrated that SlPP2C1 is a functional component in the ABA signaling pathway which participates in fruit ripening, ABA responses and drought tolerance.

PacCYP707A2 negatively regulates cherry fruit ripening while PacCYP707A1 mediates drought tolerance.

Sweet cherry is a non-climacteric fruit and its ripening is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) during fruit development. In this study, four cDNAs (PacCYP707A1-4) encoding 8'-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the oxidative catabolism of ABA, were identified in sweet cherry fruits using tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and particle bombardment approaches. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed significant down-regulation of target gene transcripts in VIGS-treated cherry fruits. In PacCYP707A2-RNAi-treated fruits, ripening and fruit colouring were promoted relative to control fruits, and both ABA accumulation and PacNCED1 transcript levels were up-regulated by 140%. Silencing of PacCYP707A2 by VIGS significantly altered the transcripts of both ABA-responsive and ripening-related genes, including the ABA metabolism-associated genes NCED and CYP707A, the anthocyanin synthesis genes PacCHS, PacCHI, PacF3H, PacDFR, PacANS, and PacUFGT, the ethylene biosynthesis gene PacACO1, and the transcription factor PacMYBA. The promoter of PacMYBA responded more strongly to PacCYP707A2-RNAi-treated fruits than to PacCYP707A1-RNAi-treated fruits. By contrast, silencing of PacCYP707A1 stimulated a slight increase in fruit colouring and enhanced resistance to dehydration stress compared with control fruits. These results suggest that PacCYP707A2 is a key regulator of ABA catabolism that functions as a negative regulator of fruit ripening, while PacCYP707A1 regulates ABA content in response to dehydration during fruit development.

Effect of orchard age on soil nitrogen transformation in subtropical China and implications.

A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a (15)N tracing study was carried out to investigate the effects of converting woodland to orchard, and orchard age on the gross rates of N transformation occurring simultaneously in subtropical soils in Eastern China. The results showed that inorganic N supply rate was remained constant with soil organic C and N contents increased after converting woodland into citrus orchard and with increasing orchard age. This phenomenon was most probably due to the increase in the turnover time of recalcitrant organic-N, which increased with decreasing soil pH along with increasing orchard age significantly. The amoA gene copy numbers of both archaeal and bacterial were stimulated by orchard planting and increased with increasing orchard age. The nitrification capacity (defined as the ratio of gross rate of nitrification to total gross rate of mineralization) increased following the Michaelis-Menten equation, sharply in the first 10 years after woodland conversion to orchard, and increased continuously but much more slowly till 30 years. Due to the increase in nitrification capacity and unchanged NO3(-) consumption, the dominance of ammonium in inorganic N in woodland soil was shifted to nitrate dominance in orchard soils. These results indicated that the risk of NO3(-) loss was expected to increase and the amount of N needed from fertilizers for fruit growth did not change although soil organic N accumulated with orchard age.

The metabolic mechanisms of Cd-induced hormesis in photosynthetic microalgae, Chromochloris zofingiensis.

Cadmium, an environmental pollutant, is highly toxic and resistant to degradation. It exhibits toxicity at elevated doses but triggers excitatory effects at low doses, a phenomenon referred to as hormesis. Microalgae, as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, demonstrate hormesis induced by cadmium, though the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Consequently, we examined the hormesis of cadmium in Chromochloris zofingiensis. A minimal Cd2+ concentration (0.05 mg L-1) prompted cell proliferation, whereas higher concentrations (2.50 mg L-1) inhibited growth. The group exposed to higher doses exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Contrastingly, the group exposed to low doses exhibited a moderate antioxidant response without significantly increasing ROS. This implies that increased levels of antioxidative components counteract excessive ROS, maintaining cellular redox balance and promoting growth under conditions of low Cd2+. Validation experiments have established that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS primarily coordinates the hormesis effect in microalgae. Comparative transcriptome analysis has proved the involvement of antioxidant systems and photosynthesis in regulating hormesis. Notably, Aurora A kinases consistently displayed varying expression levels across all Cd2+ treatments, and their role in microalgal hormesis was confirmed through validation with SNS-314 mesylate. This study unveils the intricate regulatory mechanisms of Cd-induced hormesis in C. zofingiensis, with implications for environmental remediation and industrial microalgae applications.

Reversible gender privacy enhancement via adversarial perturbations.

The significant advancement in deep learning has made it feasible to extract gender from faces accurately. However, such unauthorized extraction would pose potential threats to individual privacy. Existing protection schemes for gender privacy have exhibited satisfactory performance. Nevertheless, they suffer from gender inference from gender-related attributes and fail to support the recovery of the original image. In this paper, we propose a novel gender privacy protection scheme that aims to enhance gender privacy while supporting reversibility. Firstly, our scheme utilizes continuously optimized adversarial perturbations to prevent gender recognition from unauthorized classifiers. Meanwhile, gender-related attributes are concealed for classifiers, which prevents the inference of gender from these attributes, thereby enhancing gender privacy. Moreover, an identity preservation constraint is added to maintain identity preservation. Secondly, reversibility is supported by a reversible image transformation, allowing the perturbations to be securely removed to losslessly recover the original face when required. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme in gender privacy protection, identity preservation, and reversibility.

Representing Noisy Image Without Denoising.

A long-standing topic in artificial intelligence is the effective recognition of patterns from noisy images. In this regard, the recent data-driven paradigm considers 1) improving the representation robustness by adding noisy samples in training phase (i.e., data augmentation) or 2) pre-processing the noisy image by learning to solve the inverse problem (i.e., image denoising). However, such methods generally exhibit inefficient process and unstable result, limiting their practical applications. In this paper, we explore a non-learning paradigm that aims to derive robust representation directly from noisy images, without the denoising as pre-processing. Here, the noise-robust representation is designed as Fractional-order Moments in Radon space (FMR), with also beneficial properties of orthogonality and rotation invariance. Unlike earlier integer-order methods, our work is a more generic design taking such classical methods as special cases, and the introduced fractional-order parameter offers time-frequency analysis capability that is not available in classical methods. Formally, both implicit and explicit paths for constructing the FMR are discussed in detail. Extensive simulation experiments and robust visual applications are provided to demonstrate the uniqueness and usefulness of our FMR, especially for noise robustness, rotation invariance, and time-frequency discriminability.

Flux synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers constructed from organic building blocks into ordered two- or three-dimensional networks through dynamic covalent bonds. Attributed to their high porosity, well-defined structure, tailored functionality and excellent chemical stability, COFs have been considered ideal sorbents for various separation applications. The synthesis of COFs mainly employs the solvothermal method, which usually requires organic solvents in sealed Pyrex tubes, resulting in unscalable powdery products and environmental pollution that seriously limits their practical applications. Herein, our protocol focuses on an emerging synthesis method for COFs based on organic flux synthesis without adding solvents. The generality of this synthesis protocol has been applied in preparing various types of COFs, including olefin-linked, imide-linked, Schiff-based COFs on both gram and kilogram scales. Furthermore, organic flux synthesis avoids the disadvantages of solvothermal synthesis and enhances the crystallization and porosity of COFs. Typically, COF synthesis takes 3-5 d to complete, and subsequent washing procedures leading to pure COFs need 1 d. The procedure for kilogram-scale production of COFs with commercially available monomers is also provided. The resulting COFs are suitable for separation applications, particularly as adsorbent materials for industrial gas separation and water treatment applications. The protocol is suited for users with prior expertise in the synthesis of inorganic materials and porous organic materials.

Salicylic acid enhances cell growth, fatty acid and astaxanthin production in heterotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis without reactive oxygen species elevation.

BACKGROUND: The induction of lipid and astaxanthin accumulation in microalgae is often achieved through abiotic stress. However, this approach usually leads to oxidative stress, which results in relatively low growth rate. Phytohormones, as important small molecule signaling substances, not only affect the growth and metabolism of microalgae but also influence the intracellular reactive oxygen species level. This study aimed to screen phytohormones that could promote the fatty acids and astaxanthin yield of heterotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis without causing oxidative damage, and further investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: In the present study, among all the selected phytohormones, the addition of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) could effectively promote cell growth along with the yield of total fatty acids (TFA) and astaxanthin in heterotrophic C. zofingiensis. Notably, the highest yields of TFA and astaxanthin were achieved at 100 µM SA, 43% and 97.2% higher compared with the control, respectively. Interestingly, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which are usually increased with elevated TFA content under abiotic stresses, were significantly decreased by SA treatment. Comparative transcriptome analysis unveiled significant alterations in overall carbon metabolism by SA. Specifically, the upregulation of fatty acid synthesis pathway, upregulation of ß-carotene-4-ketolase (BKT) in carotenoid synthesis aligned with biochemical findings. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis highlighted ABC transporters and GTF2B-like transcription factor as potential key regulators. CONCLUSION: This study found that salicylic acid can serve as an effective regulator to promote the celling growth and accumulation of fatty acids and astaxanthin in heterotrophic C. zofingiensis without ROS elevation, which provides a promising approach for heterotrophic production of TFA and astaxanthin without growth inhibition.

Toxicological effects and mechanisms of lithium on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system in the freshwater microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis.

The growing prevalence of lithium (Li) batteries has drawn public attention to Li as an emerging pollutant. The present study investigates the toxicity of Li+ on Chromochloris zofingiensis, examining physiological, biochemical and omics aspects. Results reveal hormesis effects of Li+ on C. zofingiensis growth. At Li+ concentrations below 5 mg L-1, Li+ can enhance chlorophyll content, mitochondrial activity, and antioxidant capacity, leading to increased dry cell weight and cell number. Conversely, when it exceeded 10 mg L-1, Li+ can reduce chlorophyll content, induce oxidative stress, and disrupt chloroplast and mitochondria structure and function, ultimately impeding cell growth. In addition, under 50 mg L-1 Li+ stress, microalgae optimize absorbed light energy use (increasing Fv/Fm and E TR ) and respond to stress by up-regulating genes in starch and lipid biosynthesis pathways, promoting the accumulation of storage components. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicates that peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, GTPase and L-ascorbate oxidase might be the key regulators in response to Li+ stress. This research marks the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of Li+ on freshwater microalga, which would improve our understanding of Li's toxicology and contributing to the establishment of Li pollution standards.

Mediating role of anxiety and impulsivity in the association between child maltreatment and lifetime non-suicidal self-injury with and without suicidal self-injury.

BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment can increase the risk of lifetime non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal self-injury (SSI), but there is limited knowledge regarding the differences of potentially psychological mechanisms between NSSI with and without SSI. METHODS: Participants, 3918 community-based Chinese young men aged 18-34 years in Chengdu, were included in this study. We investigated the association between depression, anxiety, psychosis, child maltreatment, adulthood traumatic events, impulsivity, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and lifetime of NSSI among participants with and without SSI. Parallel mediation analysis was utilized to explore the mediators for the relation between child maltreatment and NSSI. RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime NSSI was 6.1 % (95 % CI: 5.4 %-6.9 %) among young men. Anxiety and impulsivity partially mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI either with (indirect effect: 51.2 %) or without SSI (indirect effect: 34.3 %). Depression was independently and significantly associated with only NSSI but not with NSSI+SSI. Alcohol dependence and psychosis were independently and significantly associated with NSSI+SSI and mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI+SSI. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional survey data limits the robustness of the proof to the causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and impulsivity are associated with NSSI either with or without SSI and partially mediate the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI. Depression is associated with only NSSI, while alcohol dependence and psychosis are only associated with NSSI+SSI. It could be crucial to improve treatment and recovery of alcohol dependence and psychosis for preventing young men engaged in NSSI from attempting SSI.