Primary Ovarian Small Cell Carcinoma of Pulmonary Type: Analysis of 6 Cases and Review of 31 Cases in the Literatures.

Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type (SCCOPT) is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis. The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment. However, there is little research on the clinical characteristics of SCCOPT and the potential benefits of other treatments due to its low incidence. The study aims to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of SCCOPT.Methods We summarized the clinical, imaging, laboratorical and pathological characteristics of 37 SCCOPT cases, in which 6 cases were admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital from the year of 2008 to 2022 and 31 cases reported in 17 English and 3 Chinese literatures.Results The median age of the studied SCCOPT cases (n=37) was 56.00 (range, 22-80) years. Almost 80% of them had a stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ tumor. All patients underwent an operation and postoperative chemotherapy. Nevertheless, all cases had a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival time of 12 months. Immunohistochemically, the SCCOPT of all patients showed positive expressions of epithelial markers, such as CD56 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2 (SOX-2), and negative expressions of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, vimentin, Leu-7, and somatostatin receptor 2. The tumor of above 80% cases expressed synaptophysin. Only a few cases expressed neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, and thyroid transcription factor-1. Conclusions SCCOPT had a poor prognosis. SOX-2 could be a biomarker to be used to diagnose SCCOPT.

Wnt5a Plays Controversial Roles in Cancer Progression.

Wnt5a is a representative Wnt ligand that regulates multiple cellular functions through the Wnt5a non-classical pathway. Although Wnt5a has been implicated in various pathological conditions, its role in cancer is ambiguous and might involve methyl modifications, distinct mRNA isoforms, as well as different downstream pathways. Therefore, it is an essential factor in cancers' progression (invasion, migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition), and a potential biomarker for prognosis and treatment.

[Pilot Study on Start-up and Stable Operation at Low Temperature Based on Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal].

In order to understand the denitrifying and phosphorus removal characteristics of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs), a pilot scale (20 m3) denitrifying and phosphorus removal experiment was carried out using a modified University of Cape Town (UCT) process at low temperatures of (6-16)℃. The test results show that at such temperatures, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 20 h and the solids retention time (SRT) is 35 days, and the modified UCT process can start up successfully and run steadily. When running steadily, the system can maintain nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates of 60%±5% and 80%±5%, respectively. The effluent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were 20, 5, 11, and 0.5 mg·L-1, respectively, which meet the first A emission standard of "Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plant" (GB 18918-2002). In order to further investigate the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the system, the reflux ratio from the aerobic tank to the anoxic tank was increased to 150%. After the system was stabilized, it obtained higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates of 80%±10% and 90%±5%, respectively. Among them, denitrifying phosphorus removal in the anoxic tank accounted for 80%±4% of the total biological phosphorus removal. The average effluent concentrations of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP were 19.55, 0.1, 7.8, and 0.15 mg·L-1, respectively, which meet the Beijing Standard A discharge standard.