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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose expression regulates immune cell differentiation. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling was used to ascertain the heterogeneity of AHR expression in human B cell subpopulations. We identified a unique population of B cells marked by expression of AHR, CD9, and myeloid genes such as CD14 and CXCL8. Results were confirmed directly in human PBMCs and purified B cells at the protein level. TLR9 signaling induced CD14, CD9, and IL-8 protein expression in CD19+ B cells. CD14-expressing CD9+ B cells also highly expressed AHR and atypical B cell markers such as CD11c and TBET. In patients with active lupus disease, CD14+ and CD9+ B cells are dysregulated, with loss of CD9+ B cells strongly predicting disease severity and demonstrating the relevance of CD9+ B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune disease.
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BACKGROUND: The immunopathological mechanisms underlying neurosyphilis remain incompletely elucidated, and the diagnosis of neurosyphilis presents challenges. METHODS: We used an antibody microarray to detect 640 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from 6 non-neurosyphilis and 10 neurosyphilis patients. The levels of CSF CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9 in 46 non-neurosyphilis, 51 untreated neurosyphilis, and 31 post-treatment neurosyphilis patients were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The associations between the levels of these proteins and clinical parameters in neurosyphilis were evaluated using Spearman's analysis, and the diagnostic performance of these proteins in neurosyphilis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: A total of 102 differentially expressed proteins between neurosyphilis and non-neurosyphilis were identified. The levels of significantly elevated neutrophil-associated proteins (CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9) in neurosyphilis were positive correlations with WBC counts, RPR titer, and protein concentration in CSF. The combination of CSF CXCL8, MMP9, and LCN2 yielded an AUC of 0.92 for diagnosing neurosyphilis, surpassing that of CSF RPR. CONCLUSIONS: CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9 could be associated with central nervous system damage of neurosyphilis. The combination of CSF CXCL8, MMP9, and LCN2 is a promising biomarker for diagnosing neurosyphilis.
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The progression of heart failure is reported to be strongly associated with homeostatic imbalance, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy, in the cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers autophagic and cardiac dysfunction. In turn, abnormal autophagy impairs mitochondrial function and leads to apoptosis or autophagic cell death under certain circumstances. These events often occur concomitantly, forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates heart failure. However, the role of the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy in the development of heart failure remains obscure and the underlying mechanisms are mainly elusive. The potential role of the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy in heart failure progression has recently garnered attention. This review summarized recent advances of the interactions between mitochondria and autophagy during the development of heart failure.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Doenças Mitocondriais , Humanos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Autofagia/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Doenças Mitocondriais/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiac hypertrophy is the common pathological process of multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy are unclear. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a newly discovered type of transcript that has been demonstrated to function as crucial regulators in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study revealed a novel regulatory pathway of lncRNA in cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS: The cardiac hypertrophy models were established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice and angiotensin II (Ang II) in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) in vivo and lncRNA Gm15834 and shRNA plasmids in vitro were used to overexpress and knock down lncRNA Gm15834. The myocardial tissue structure, cardiomyocyte area, cardiac function, protein expressions, and binding of lncRNA Gm15834 and Src-associated substrate during mitosis of 68 KDa (Sam68) were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunofluorescence staining, echocardiography, western blot and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), respectively. RESULTS: In cardiac hypertrophy models, inhibiting lncRNA Gm15834 could decrease Sam68 expression and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) mediated inflammatory activities in vivo and in vitro, but overexpressing lncRNA Gm15834 showed the opposite results. RIP experiments validated the binding activities between lncRNA Gm15834 and Sam68. Overexpression of Sam68 could counteract the anti-hypertrophy effects of lncRNA Gm15834 knockdown. Meanwhile, in vivo inhibition of lncRNA Gm15834 could inhibit Sam68 expression, reduce NF-κB mediated inflammatory activity and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a novel regulatory axis of cardiac hypertrophy, which comprised lncRNA Gm15834/Sam68/NF-κB/inflammation, shedding a new light for identifying therapy target of cardiac hypertrophy in clinic.
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In this study, we isolated lovastatin derivatives, including aculeatiols A-G (1-7) and three known compounds (8-10), from Aspergillus aculeatus. Their structures and absolute configurations were experimentally determined by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses, and the results were corroborated by quantum-chemical calculations. As members of the lovastatin derivatives, aculeatiols A-C (1-3) possess a γ-lactone functional group in the side chain. Compound 6 represents the first example that features an undescribed aromatized heterotetracyclic 6/6/6/6 ring system. Biologically, the lipid-lowering effects of all of these compounds were evaluated by analyzing the free fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. In addition, compound 5, which regulated the transcription of genes associated with lipid uptake and synthesis, inhibited the accumulation of lipids.
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Aspergillus , Lovastatina , Aspergillus/química , Lovastatina/farmacologia , Lovastatina/química , Estrutura Molecular , HumanosRESUMO
Protocobitis species are typical cave-dwelling fish, exhibiting distinctive morphological adaptations such as colorless body, lack of eyes, and reduced scales and ribs in response to their extreme cave habitats. Distinct from the recorded species, P. anteroventris, P. polylepis, and P. typhlops, a new species, Protocobitis longicostatus sp. nov., is described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Protocobitis longicostatus sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from all known congeners by the following characteristics: whole body covered by scales except head, 12 branched caudal fin rays, and long ribs. These species face threats from habitat degradation, hydrological changes, and environmental pollution. Thus, the conservation of cavefish in China has become an urgent issue.
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Cipriniformes , Animais , Cipriniformes/anatomia & histologia , China , Cavernas , Olho , EcossistemaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the impact of CA on DN and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms of inflammation. METHODS: We fed C57BL/6 mice injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. In addition, we stimulated NRK-52E cells with 20 mmol/L d-glucose to mimic the diabetic condition. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrated that CA effectively reduced blood glucose levels, and improved DN in mice models. Additionally, CA reduced kidney injury and inflammation in both mice models and in vitro models. CA decreased high glucose-induced ferroptosis of NRK-52E cells by inducing GSH/GPX4 axis. Conversely, the ferroptosis activator or the PI3K inhibitor reversed positive effects of CA on DN in both mice and in vitro models. CA suppressed PAQR3 expression in DN models to promote PI3K/AKT activity. The PAQR3 activator reduced the positive effects of CA on DN in vitro models. Moreover, CA directly targeted the PAQR3 protein to enhance the ubiquitination of the PAQR3 protein. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study has uncovered that CA promotes the ubiquitination of PAQR3, leading to the attenuation of ferroptosis in DN. This effect is achieved through the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by disrupting the interaction between PAQR3 and the P110α pathway. These findings highlight the potential of CA as a viable therapeutic option for the prevention of DN and other forms of diabetes.
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Ácidos Cafeicos , Diabetes Mellitus , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Ferroptose , Succinatos , Animais , Camundongos , Nefropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , UbiquitinaçãoRESUMO
The use of agrochemical inputs has significantly enhanced agricultural yields in China; however, their excessive utilization has also caused a range of environmental issues. This paper examines the costs associated with reducing agrochemicals by employing shadow prices, which represent the value of the marginal product of agrochemicals, to further develop cost-effective environmental policy measures for reducing their usage. To this end, the shadow prices of agrochemicals have been assessed by adopting a newly developed convex expectile regression approach and using statistical data from 31 provinces in China spanning from 2005 to 2020. Furthermore, the present study investigates the disparities between shadow prices and market prices for different agrochemicals across various regions in China. The findings suggest that the costs of reducing chemical fertilizers are higher than those of reducing pesticides and plastic films. Moreover, the results indicate that central China exhibits relatively high potential for decreasing agrochemical usage. Finally, these findings can inform the Chinese government's restructuring of producer support and environmental policy in a cost-effective way to mitigate agrochemicals use in the future. Additionally, the research method employed in this study holds potential for extension to other agrochemicals-dependent countries.
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Agricultura , Agroquímicos , China , Agricultura/economia , Fertilizantes , PraguicidasRESUMO
Designing artificial interface is a promising strategy to protect Zn metal anode but achieving long Zn plating/stripping lifespans and efficient nucleation/deposition kinetics, particularly at high current densities, remains a challenge. In this study, a permselective zincophilic heterogeneous interface consisting of metallic Ag layer and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is designed via a simple chemical displacement and drop casting process. The artificial interface plays a multifunctional role in inhibiting dendrite growth/side reactions by reducing the nucleation barrier through a large number of Zn nucleation sites offered by the bottom Ag layer, homogenizing electrical field/Zn2+ flux and shielding SO4 2- migration via the compact, conducting, and Zn2+ -permselective PEDOT:PSS supporting layer. Moreover, the heterogeneous interface demonstrates enhanced structural integrity owing to the binder effect of PEDOT:PSS. As a result, the modified Zn anode demonstrates a cyclic lifespan of 200 h and a reduced voltage hysteresis of ≈150 mV at 20 mA cm-2 /5 mAh cm-2 , far surpassing its counterparts. Moreover, the protected Zn anode allows the LiMn2 O4 -based full cells with remarkable rate and cycling performance. These findings provide new insight into the design of an efficient artificial interface for highly reversible and high-rate Zn electrodeposition.
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Enhancing spectral efficiency (SE) of ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) is vital to providing broadband access for massive users. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a high SE UDWDM-PON in the C-band, based on the simplified coherent reception of 10 Gb/s 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals. We investigate the WDM signal reception by mathematical derivation and propose to enhance the SE by adopting both intradyne detection and pulse shaping techniques. Then, both approaches are numerically evaluated, with an identification that there occurs a trade-off between SE and power budget improvements. Finally, we experimentally achieve a SE of 0.83 (bit/s)/Hz and a power budget of 25â dB for a proof-of-concept 3 × 10 Gb/s PAM-4 downstream transmission over 20â km standard single mode fiber (SSMF).
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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate various diet quality indices and to estimate their associations with major non-communicable diseases (NCD) (i.e. diabetes mellitus (DM) and myocardial infarction (MI)) and risk for overweight (OW). DESIGN: Four dietary diversity indices (namely, count index (Count), dietary diversity score index, berry index (BI) and entropy index (EI)) and three Chinese dietary guideline-based indices (namely, China healthy diet index, Chinese food pagoda score and diet quality divergence index) were employed to evaluate Chinese diet quality. DM, MI and OW were used as diet-related health indicators. Logit regressions were employed to unveil the associations between diet quality indices and NCD and risk for OW. The relationships between diet quality indices and daily energy intakes were checked with ordinary least squares linear regressions. SETTING: Four recent waves (2004, 2006, 2009, 2011) of longitudinal individual data from China Health and Nutrition Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Chinese adults (aged 18-64 years) from twelve provinces were included in the analysis (n 30 350). RESULTS: Count, BI, and EI were positively associated with higher OW risk and daily energy intakes. As dietary guideline-based indices got better, people were exposed to lower DM and OW risks and got lower daily energy intakes. Finally, dietary guideline-based indices properly revealed the expected relationships that high-quality diets would reduce NCD and risk for OW, while high diversity indices were usually correlated with over-nutrition and high risks. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing diversity of the diet does not necessarily improve the nutrition and health. Dietary guideline-based indices are more robust than dietary diversity indices; thus, they should be highly recommended when evaluating diet quality.
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Doenças não Transmissíveis , Adulto , Humanos , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças não Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Ingestão de Energia , Dieta , Política Nutricional , Inquéritos Nutricionais , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and highly aggressive type of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and the prognosis is poor. Currently, the most used prognostic models are the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) scores; however, their predictive effects are changing with increasing incidence and changing treatment regimens. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that inflammatory and nutritional markers are factors that can determine tumor prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and validate novel prognostic factors for PCNSL. Clinical information was collected from 223 patients with PCNSL. Patients younger than 18 years of age were excluded. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were used as endpoints, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to determine the cutoff values for the inflammatory indicators. Correlations between variables and PFS or OS were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses, and positive indicators were selected for survival analysis. A prognostic nutritional index (PNI) < 49.38 was associated with worse PFS (p = 0.003), and outcomes significantly differed between patients with a PNI ≥ 49.38 and < 49.38 (p < 0.001). Age < 60 years (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels < 3.14 (p = 0.001) were associated with better OS. In elderly patients (≥ 60 years), a lactate dehydrogenase-to-lymphocyte ratio (LLR) < 95.69 (p = 0.021) was associated with better OS, and the outcome significantly differed between patients with an LLR ≥ 95.69 and LLR < 95.69 (p = 0.015). The PNI and CRP levels are prognostic factors for PCNSL, and CRP was the first time shown to be a prognosis factor of PCNSL. In elderly patients with PCNSL, the LLR can predict prognosis.
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Linfoma , Avaliação Nutricional , Humanos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Proteína C-Reativa , Linfócitos , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Sistema Nervoso Central , Lactato Desidrogenases , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Two pairs of new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids, (+)-aspersydowin A (7S) [(+)-1], (-)-aspersydowin A (7R) [(-)-1], (+)-aspersydowin B (7S,11S) [(+)-2], (-)-aspersydowin B (7R,11R) [(-)-2], along with six known compounds (1-8) were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus sydowii. Compounds 1 and 2 are enantiomers resolved by the Chiralpak IC, using a hexane- propan-2-ol mobile phase. The structure of 1 and 2 with absolute configuration were assigned tentatively by 1D (1 H, 13 C, and DEPT) & 2D (HSQC, 1 H-1 H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR data analyses and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-8 were screened for the biological activities inâ vitro. The results showed that compounds 3, 4 and 8 exhibited immunosuppressive activities with IC50 values of 10.9, 17.6 and 13.4â µM, respectively.
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Aspergillus , Sesquiterpenos , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos , Estrutura Molecular , Aspergillus/química , Sesquiterpenos/químicaRESUMO
Aiming at the problem of low control accuracy caused by nonlinear disturbances in the operation of the PLS-160 wheel-rail adhesion test rig, a linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) suitable for the wheel-rail adhesion test rig was designed. The influence of nonlinear disturbances during the operation of the test rig on the control accuracy was analyzed based on SIMPACK. The SIMAT co-simulation platform was established to verify the control performance of the LADRC designed in this paper. The simulation results show that the speed and creepage errors of the test rig under the control of the LADRC met the adhesion test technical indicators under four different conditions. Compared with the traditional PID controller, the creepage overshoot and response time with the LADRC were reduced by 1.27% and 60%, respectively, under the constant creepage condition, and the stability recovery time was shorter under the condition of a sudden decrease in the adhesion coefficient. The LADRC designed in this paper shows better dynamic and anti-interference performance; therefore, it is more suitable for a follow-up study of the PLS-160 wheel-rail adhesion test rig.
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We experimentally demonstrate a 4 × 10 Gb/s cost-effective coherent ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) by the use of unequally-spaced 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (UES-PAM-4) signaling. Because of the advantages of simple architecture and low cost, the simplified coherent receiver (SCR) based on the transmitted signal diversity (TS-D) has been reported, but its receiver sensitivity is constrained by the severe noise arising in the higher level of conventional PAM-4 signals. Here, we first experimentally demonstrate the UES-PAM-4 signaling for the SCR based on the TS-D, by altering the PAM-4 level spacing and the decision threshold through the gradient descent algorithm (GDA). Consequently, we can experimentally achieve -30.1 dBm RS for single wavelength at the bit-error ratio (BER) of 3.8 × 10-3. Compared with the conventional equally-spaced PAM-4 (ES-PAM-4) signaling, 1.3 dB RS enhancement can be secured after the 20-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission. Meanwhile, the UES-PAM-4 signaling is experimentally verified for 4 × 10 Gb/s UDWDM-PON. An average RS of -29.6 dBm and 32.6 dB power budget are obtained after the 20-km SSMF transmission. The proposed UES-PAM-4 signaling with the RS enhancement is a promising candidate for the UDWDM-PON by utilizing the existing optical distribution network (ODN).
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In this Letter, we analytically model the impact of polarization crosstalk in the polarization-multiplexed carrier self-homodyne (PMC-SH) system with adaptive polarization control technology. When the optical paths of the signal and local oscillator (LO) are matched well, it is found that the polarization crosstalk results in a nonlinear shift on the constellation. Thus, we further propose a compensation scheme based on a low-complexity polynomial nonlinear equalizer (PNLE). Both simulation and experimental results validate our theoretical analysis. Moreover, the proposed PNLE-based compensation scheme achieves up to 1.23â dB tolerance improvement with respect to polarization crosstalk for 20 Gbaud 64QAM in the experiment.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of nutritional factors on bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative computed tomography combined with blood biochemistry in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS: Sixty patients on MHD were divided into osteopenia (n = 20) and nonosteopenia (n = 40) groups. BMD, fat, and muscle mass were measured by quantitative computed tomography. The calcification of coronary artery and hilar lymph node and computed tomography attenuation values of the liver and spleen were also analyzed. Differences between the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for osteopenia were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Patients in the osteopenia group had lower albumin levels than those in the nonosteopenia group (37.84 ± 3.00 vs 42.03 ± 4.05 g/L; P < .001). Logistic regression showed that patients with lower albumin levels had a higher risk of osteopenia (odds ratio, 1.462; 95% confidence interval, 1.313-1.801; P = .003). BMD was negatively correlated with fat mass (r = -0.365, P = .004) and positively correlated with the ratio of muscle mass to fat mass (r = 0.431, P = .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of calcification of coronary artery or hilar lymph nodes between the two groups. Computed tomography values of the liver and spleen were positively correlated with the duration of dialysis (r = 0.55, P = .001; r = 0.42, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Low albumin levels are associated with an increased risk of osteopenia in patients on MHD. Abdominal fat is a risk factor for reduction in BMD in MHD patients, and the ratio of abdominal muscle mass to fat mass is a protective factor for BMD.
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Densidade Óssea , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas , Humanos , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Albuminas , Absorciometria de FótonRESUMO
The box-covering method plays a fundamental role in the fractal property recognition and renormalization analysis of complex networks. This study proposes the hub-collision avoidance and leaf-node options (HALO) algorithm. In the box sampling process, a forward sampling rule (for avoiding hub collisions) and a reverse sampling rule (for preferentially selecting leaf nodes) are determined for bidirectional network traversal to reduce the randomness of sampling. In the box selection process, the larger necessary boxes are preferentially selected to join the solution by continuously removing small boxes. The compact-box-burning (CBB) algorithm, the maximum-excluded-mass-burning (MEMB) algorithm, the overlapping-box-covering (OBCA) algorithm, and the algorithm for combining small-box-removal strategy and maximum box sampling with a sampling density of 30 (SM30) are compared with HALO in experiments. Results on nine real networks show that HALO achieves the highest performance score and obtains 11.40%, 7.67%, 2.18%, and 8.19% fewer boxes than the compared algorithms, respectively. The algorithm determinism is significantly improved. The fractal dimensions estimated by covering four standard networks are more accurate. Moreover, different from MEMB or OBCA, HALO is not affected by the tightness of the hubs and exhibits a stable performance in different networks. Finally, the time complexities of HALO and the compared algorithms are all O(N2), which is reasonable and acceptable.
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Algoritmos , FractaisRESUMO
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is one of the most commonly used alkylating agents for the treatment of various cancers; however, CTX-induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most prevailing side effects of the drug. Shorea roxburghii is a plant with diverse bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects. This study investigated the nephroprotective effect of Shorea roxburghii phenolic extract (SRPF) against CTX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The rats were treated with SRPF (100 and 400â mg/kg) for 5 weeks and were concomitantly administered with CTX. The results indicated that treatment with SRPF significantly decreased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid as well as renal MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ß, NF-kB and caspase-3 levels. Furthermore, SRPF augmented the activities of renal SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx. SRPF also improved renal histopathological damages caused by CTX administration. In conclusion, these results suggested that SRPF showed substantial protective effects against CTX-mediated renal toxicity via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Antioxidantes , Dipterocarpaceae , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is an inflammatory marker that has been found to be predictive of outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Our previous work has also demonstrated its relation to cardiac injury in dialysis patients. However, it is yet unclear whether there is an association between CXCL16 and adverse outcomes in dialysis patients. We aimed to evaluate its prognostic value along with several traditional inflammatory markers in the current study. METHODS: This is a multicenter longitudinal study of prevalent dialysis patients. Circulating inflammatory markers including CXCL16, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using a multiplex assay. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The associations between biomarkers and outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: Of the 366 participants with available plasma samples, the average age was 52.5 (±12.1) years, and there were 160 (43.7%) female participants. For all-cause mortality, logarithmically transformed CXCL16, IL-6, and CRP were independent predictors after adjustment for covariates. When the 3 markers were included in the same model, CXCL16 was the only one remaining its significance. For MACEs, logarithmically transformed CXCL16 and IL-6 were significant predictors when analyzed separately and CXCL16 was an independent predictor even after adjustment for IL-6. When the biomarkers were analyzed as categorical variables, only CXCL16 was associated with both outcomes. Adding CXCL16 to established risk factors improved risk prediction as revealed by Net Reclassification Index (NRI). CONCLUSION: Using a multimarker approach, we determined that CXCL16 is a potent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in dialysis patients. Our data suggest CXCL16 may improve risk stratification and could be a potential interventional target.