[Progress in impulse oscillometry on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a force-free, easy-to-use tool for the detection of airway resistance. Compared with spirometry, IOS is more sensitive in detecting early abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and IOS parameters have potential research value in identifying the progression of COPD and monitoring the effect of treatment. This review aimed to highlight the significant research findings of IOS in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to address the urgent issue that need to be resolved.

[Advances in research on impaired ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential applications of impaired ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing has received considerable attention in the field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research worldwide. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that impaired ventilatory efficiency is an important indicator of exertional dyspnea, reduced exercise capacity, and mortality in patients with COPD. As a result, ventilatory efficiency is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for alleviating dyspnea in COPD patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the research progress into impaired ventilatory efficiency in patients with COPD. The primary objective of this review is to improve the understanding of COPD patients with impaired ventilatory efficiency, with the ultimate goal of facilitating the comprehensive assessment and management of COPD.

[Research prospect of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Current treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are relatively limited and cannot meet the needs of all patients. Ensifentrine (development code RPL554), a representative drug of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3/4 (PDE 3/4) inhibitors, has shown promising developments in the treatment of COPD in recent years, which need to be summarized. This article reviews the mechanism and clinical research progress of ensifentrine, focusing on its chemical structure, pharmacokinetics, pathophysiological mechanism, efficacy, and safety. Additionally, we provide clinical application suggestions and future research prospects.

[Quantitative analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of hearing loss among workers exposed to noise in Tianjin].

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of high-frequency average hearing loss in both ears of noise exposed workers in Tianjin in 2020, and quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss in both ears of workers. Methods: In March 2023, Collect and organize basic information about noise-hazardous enterprises and personal information of workers exposed to noise. Data from the Tianjin Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Information Monitoring System from January 2020 to December 2020, and analyze the impact of basic information of employees, enterprise size, regional distribution, industry category, and economic type on the high-frequency average hearing loss of workers during work. Apply logistic regression to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of abnormal high-frequency average hearing threshold of noise exposed workers. Results: The size, economic type, industry category, and regional distribution of enterprises, as well as the gender, age, length of service of workers, have an impact on the abnormal high-frequency average hearing threshold of noise exposed workers (χ(2)=733.56、3 497、27、1352.84、1197.62、2570.59、22.30、506.60, P<0.001) . Quantitative analysis using a logistic regression model showed that in the basic information of workers, noise exposed workers were male (OR=2.500, P<0.001) and aged 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 years (OR=1.33, P<0.001; OR=1.68, P<0.001; OR=1.52, P< 0.001) , with a length of service of 4 to<10 years and≥10 years (OR=1.08, P<0.001; OR=1.615, P<0.001) being the influencing factors for high-frequency hearing loss in both ears of noise exposed workers; In terms of enterprise characteristics, medium-sized, small and micro enterprises (OR=1.12, P<0.001; OR=1.75, P<0.001; OR=2.09, P<0.001) , enterprises located in the fourth district around the city (OR=1.268, P<0.001) , and enterprises with economic types of collective economy, other economy, private economy, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment, shareholding system, and other industry economies (OR are all >1, P<0.001) are all factors affecting high-frequency hearing loss in noise exposed personnel. Conclusion: Noise is a common occupational hazard factor in Tianjin's enterprises, especially for workers in micro enterprises who face a high risk of hearing abnormalities. Therefore, enterprises need to strengthen the management and intervention of noise operations to prevent the occurrence of hearing loss in workers.

[Clinical analysis of 31 cases of fetal umbilical artery thrombosis].

Objective: To analyze the ultrasonic manifestations, clinical features, high risk factors and key points of pregnancy management in prenatal diagnosis of umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT). Methods: The data of 31 pregnant women of UAT diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography and confirmed after birth from July 2017 to July 2022 at the Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed, including the maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and fetal complications. In addition, the baseline data and pregnancy outcomes were compared in 21 patients who continued pregnancy after diagnosis of UAT. Of the 21 UAT cases that continued pregnancy, 10 cases were treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH; LMWH treatment group), while the other 11 patients had expectant treatment(expectant treatment group). Results: The age of the 31 pregnant women was (30.2±4.7) years, of which 5 cases (16%,5/31) were advanced age pregnant women. The gestational age at diagnosis was (32.9±4.0) weeks, and the gestational age at termination of pregnancy was (35.6±2.9) weeks. In 31 fetuses with UAT, 15 cases (48%) had fetal distress, 11 cases (35%) had fetal growth restriction, and 3 cases (10%) had intrauterine stillbirth. There were 28 cases of live births, including 26 cases by cesarean section and 2 cases by vaginal delivery. There were also 3 stillbirths, all delivered vaginally. Four neonates had mild asphyxia and two newborns had severe asphyxia. Among the 31 cases, 10 cases were terminated immediately after diagnosis, the gestational age at diagnosis was (35.9±2.9) weeks. Another 21 pregnancies continued, and their gestational age at diagnosis was (31.4±3.7) weeks. The median prolonged gestational age in LMWH treatment group was 7.9 weeks (4.6-9.4 weeks), and all were live births. The median prolonged gestational age in the expectant treatment group was 0.6 weeks (0.0-1.0 weeks), and 2 cases were stillbirths. There was a statistically significant difference in prolonged gestational age (P=0.002). Conclusions: Ultrasound is the preferred method for prenatal detection of UAT. Clinicians need to be vigilant for UAT when a newly identified single umbilical artery is detected by ultrasound in the second or third trimesters. The decision to continue or terminate the pregnancy depends on the gestational age and the condition of fetus. Attention should be paid to fetal movements as the pregnancy continues. The treatment of LMWH as soon as possible after diagnosis of UAT may improve the pregnancy outcome.

[Progress in pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Pre-COPD) refers to individuals with chronic respiratory symptoms, structural abnormalities, and/or functional abnormalities, in the absence of airflow limitation, who may develop persistent airflow limitation over time. COPD is characterized by high prevalence and great heterogeneity and complexity. Early multidimensional identification and promotion of early prevention, management and treatment of Pre-COPD can help delay or halt the development of COPD, which has significant public health implications. This review aimed to summarize the definition, relevant cohorts, clinical trials, and other research progress in pre-COPD in order to improve the understanding of individuals with pre-COPD and improve early prevention and management of COPD.

[Uniportal thoracoscopic thorough debridement for tubercular empyema with abscess of the chest wall].

Objective: To examine the feasibility and technical considerations of thorough debridement using uniportal thoracoscopic surgery for tuberculous empyema complicated by chest wall tuberculosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients who underwent comprehensive uniportal thoracoscopy debridement for empyema complicated by chest wall tuberculosis in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, from March 2019 to August 2021. There were 23 males and 15 females, aged (M(IQR)) 30 (25) years (range: 18 to 78 years). The patients were cleared of chest wall tuberculosis under general anesthesia and underwent an incision through the intercostal sinus, followed by the whole fiberboard decortication method. Chest tube drainage was used for pleural cavity disease and negative pressure drainage for chest wall tuberculosis with SB tube, and without muscle flap filling and pressure bandaging. If there was no air leakage, the chest tube was removed first, followed by the removal of the SB tube after 2 to 7 days if there was no obvious residual cavity on the CT scan. The patients were followed up in outpatient clinics and by telephone until October 2022. Results: The operation time was 2.0 (1.5) h (range: 1 to 5 h), and blood loss during the operation was 100 (175) ml (range: 100 to 1 200 ml). The most common postoperative complication was prolonged air leak, with an incidence rate of 81.6% (31/38). The postoperative drainage time of the chest tube was 14 (12) days (range: 2 to 31 days) and the postoperative drainage time of the SB tube was 21 (14) days (range: 4 to 40 days). The follow-up time was 25 (11) months (range: 13 to 42 months). All patients had primary healing of their incisions and there was no tuberculosis recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Uniportal thoracoscopic thorough debridement combined with postoperative standardized antituberculosis treatment is safe and feasible for the treatment of tuberculous empyema with chest wall tuberculosis, which could achieve a good long-term recovery effect.

Effects of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, muscle fatty acid composition and antioxidant ability in slow-growing broiler chickens.

1. This study investigated the effects of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, muscle fatty acid composition and antioxidant ability in slow-growing broiler chickens.2. In total, 400, one-day-old female Xueshan broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups with eight replicates of ten chickens each for 102 d. Broilers were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 125, 250, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg betaine.3. Broilers fed betaine had better feed conversion efficiency and weight gain (P < 0.05) and increased meat redness and yellowness 24 h after slaughter. Supplementation linearly decreased cooking loss and drip loss from breast muscle (P < 0.05). Muscular resilience was improved and tenderness increased (P < 0.05). Intra-muscular saturated fatty acids decreased, while total monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (P < 0.05). Betaine increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) level, ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione, and activity of scavenging hydroxyl radicals. It increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation up-regulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression levels of blood and antioxidant markers.4. In conclusion, 1000 mg/kg betaine can be recommended as a supplement for slow-growing, Xueshan chicken.

[Impact of regional positive lymph node ratio of gallbladder carcinoma on prognosis].

Objective: To study the impact of regional positive lymph node ratio (LNR) on prognosis of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Methods: The clinicopathological and survival data of 53 patients with gallbladder carcinoma who underwent radical resection with regional lymph node metastasis in Ningbo University Affiliated Lihuili Hospital from May 2012 to December 2020 were collected, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of LNR for predicting postoperative survival status in patients with gallbladder carcinoma. According to the critical value, the patients were divided into low LNR group and high LNR group. The clinicopathological features and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Log rank test was used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with gallbladder carcinoma, and Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 417 regional lymph nodes were dissected in 53 patients, of which 144 lymph nodes were positive, with a positive rate of 34.5%. The optimal cut-off value of LNR for predicting postoperative survival status of patients with gallbladder carcinoma was 0.33. According to this cut-off value, patients were divided into low LNR group (LNR≤0.33, 28 cases) and high LNR group (LNR>0.33, 25 cases). The recurrence rates were 64.3% (18/28) and 88.0 % (22/25) in low LNR group and high LNR group, respectively. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 8 and 7 months, respectively (P=0.032). In the low LNR group, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 56.2%, 38.4%, and 32.0%, respectively, and the median overall survival (OS) was 16 months. In the high LNR group, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 37.9%, 5.4%, and 0, respectively, and the median OS was 9 months. The postoperative survival rate of patients in the low LNR group was better than that in the high LNR group (P=0.008). Univariate analysis showed that LNR was even associated with RFS and OS in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that LNR>0.33 was an independent risk factor for postoperative RFS (HR=1.977, 95% CI: 1.045-3.740), but not for OS (HR=1.561, 95% CI: 0.685-3.553). Conclusion: On the basis of clearing a sufficient number of regional lymph nodes, patients with gallbladder carcinoma with regional LNR>0.33 are more likely to relapse after operation, but the predictive value of LNR>0.33 OS is insufficient.

[Analysis of the efficacy and related influencing factors of pelvic packing in the treatment of intractable postpartum hemorrhage after emergency perinatal hysterectomy].

Objective: To investigate the effect of pelvic packing on the control of intractable postpartum hemorrhage after emergency perinatal hysterectomy (EPH). Methods: Eleven cases with complete clinical data of pelvic packing due to failure of hemostasis after EPH were collected to evaluate the outcome, complications, hospital stay of pregnant women, and to analyze the factors affecting the effect of pelvic packing. The cases included patients who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University after pelvic packing treatment in the other hospital due to continuous bleeding after EPH or who were referred to our hospital for pelvic packing treatment due to continuous bleeding after EPH from January 2014 to August 2021. Results: The median gestational week of 11 pregnant women was 38.3 weeks(38.0-39.9 weeks) , and the methods of termination of pregnancy were cesarean section in 7 cases (7/11) and vaginal delivery in 4 cases (4/11). The median time between postpartum hemorrhage and pelvic tamponade was 10 hours (5-57 hours), the median amount of bleeding was 8 500 ml(4 800-15 600 ml) , the median number of pelvic tamponade was 3 pieces (2-7 pieces), and the median retention time of gauze pad was 6.0 days (3.0-6.0 days). The median frequency of laparotomy in this pregnancy was 3 times (2-3 times), with a maximum of 4 among the 11 cases, the first pelvic packing was successful in hemostasis in 9 cases, and the final successful treatment in all of the 11 cases. All parturients had hemorrhagic shock (11/11) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (11/11) before pelvic packing. Other common complications were multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (9/11), cardiac arrest (4/11), deep vein thrombosis (3/11), septic shock (3/11), and intestinal obstruction (1/11). All parturients took out the gauze after the coagulation function returned to normal and there was no active bleeding. The recovery time of coagulation function in 11 cases was 3 days (3-5 days), the retention time of gauze pad was 6 days (3-6 days), the median length of stay in intensive care unit was 14 days (11-26 days), and the median total length of stay was 22 days (16-49 days). Conclusions: Pelvic packing could be used as a temporary strategy for intractable postpartum hemorrhage after EPH, which provides a key time for injury control resuscitation for patients with unstable vital signs. This technology provides an opportunity for referral to superior medical institutions and further treatment.

[Progress in preserved ratio impaired spirometry].

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) refers to the mode of a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) while the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) remains constant. PRISm was prevalent in the study population, but it is underreported in the current research. The cohort studies in European-American have found that the PRISm has a higher risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular-related deaths and all-causes death than the normal lung function. PRISm may be one of the pre-COPD population, so early detection and prevention are crucial. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the research of PRISm with the aim to increase understanding of PRISm, and to provide comprehensive evaluation and management for PRISm population.

[Uniportal thoracoscopic decortication for stage â ¢ tuberculous empyema of 158 cases].

Objective: To examine the safety and feasibility of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) decortication in patients presenting with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema. Methods: From August 2017 to July 2020, 158 patients of stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema underwent uniportal VATS decortication with partial rib resection and customized periosteal stripper in Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. There were 127 males and 31 females, aged (M(IQR)) 32(28) years (range:14 to 78 years). Follow-up was performed in the outpatient clinic or via social communication applications, at monthly thereafter. If there was no air leak and chest tube drainage was less than 50 ml/day, a chest CT was performed. If the lung was fully re-expanded, chest tubes were removed. All patients received a follow-up chest CT 3 to 6 months following their initial operations which was compared to their preoperative imaging. Results: There was one conversion to open thoracotomy. The operative time was 2.75 (2.50) hours (range: 1.5 to 7.0 hours), and median blood loss was 100 (500) ml (range: 50 to 2 000 ml). There were no perioperative mortalities. There were no major complications except 1 case of redo-VATS for hemostasis due to excessive drainage and 1 case of incision infection, The incidence of prolonged air leaks (>5 days) was 80.3%(126/157). The postoperative hospital stay was 5.00 (2.25) days (range: 2 to 15 days). All patients were discharged with 2 chest tubes, and the median duration drainage was 21.00 (22.50) days (range: 3 to 77 days). Follow-up was completed in all patients over a duration of 20 (14) months (range: 12 to 44 months). At follow-up, 149 patients(94.9%) recovered to grade Ⅰ level, 7 patients to grade Ⅱ level, and 1 patient to grade Ⅲ level. Conclusion: Uniportal VATS decortication involving partial rib resection and a customized periosteal stripper is safe and effective for patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema.

[Validation and modification of AJCC 8th edition staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma--analysis based on SEER database].

Objective: To assess the accuracy of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to make an appropriate modification. Methods: Data of patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent surgery were extracted from 2004 to 2015 within the SEER database. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 7 911 patients were included and there were 2 117 females and 5 794 males. The male-to-female ratio was 1.00: 0.36. There were 4 050 patients older than 60 years old. Tumor size ranged from 24 to 65 mm. Tumors with single lobes (80.8%) or single lesions (62.8%) were more common. There were 230 cases and 2 052 cases received radiotherapy and chemotherapy, accounting for 2.9% and 25.9%, respectively. The median follow-up was 42 months. Analysis of the 8th edition of AJCC staging system showed that the survival curves of ⅣA stage and ⅢA stage intersected in both OS and DSS, and the differences were not statistically significant between them (both P>0.05). Analysis of patients in subgroup of ⅣA stage showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the four groups of T1N1M0/T2N0M0, T2N1M0/T3N0M0, T3N1M0/T4N0-1M0 and T3N1M0/T1-4N0-1M1 (all P>0.05). Therefore, the modified 8th edition of the AJCC staging system was proposed after retaining the definition of T/N/M in the old edition: ⅠA and ⅠB stages were retained; ⅣA stage was split: T1N1M0 was included in Ⅱ stage, T2N1M0 in Ⅲ stage, and Ⅳ stage included T3N1M0, T4N0-1M0 and T1-4N0-1M1. Cox proportional risk regression analysis of the modified 8th edition of the AJCC staging showed that significant differences were observed among the four groups, with ⅠB/ⅠA (HR=1.462, 95%CI:1.294-1.651), Ⅱ/ⅠB (HR=1.091, 95%CI:1.003-1.186), Ⅲ/Ⅱ (HR=2.034, 95%CI: 1.793-2.307) and Ⅲ/Ⅳ (HR=1.374, 95%CI: 1.192-1.583) for OS, respectively. The similar findings were seen in DSS, with ⅠB/ⅠA (HR=2.007, 95%CI:1.671-2.411), Ⅱ/ⅠB (HR=1.140, 95%CI:1.023-1.271), Ⅲ/Ⅱ (HR=2.344, 95%CI: 2.018-2.724) and Ⅲ/Ⅳ (HR=1.391, 95%CI:1.180-1.639), respectively. Conclusion: The modified AJCC 8th edition staging system could predict the survival outcome of HCC more accurately.

[Solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma of adult: a series of 10 cases].

Objective: To examine the clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy of solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma (SPCH). Methods: The data of 10 SPCH cases who underwent surgical operations from June 2017 to June 2020 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University were retrospectively reviewed. There were 4 males and 6 females, aged (49.8±13.6) years (range: 26 to 66 years). The clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations, treatment and pathological diagnosis were analyzed. Results: All patients were asymptomatic, and all nodules were detected by CT. The size of nodule was (14.9±5.8) mm (range: 8 to 30 mm). Seven of 10 cases showed the mixed ground-glass nodule appearance and 2 cases showed solid nodule and 1 case showed cystic solid nodule appearance in CT findings. The growth speed was very slow. The follow-up time was 4.5(21.5) months before surgery. Histologically, SPCH manifested as a solitary lesion composed of densely proliferating and dilated capillaries without cytologic atypia within the alveolar septa. Immunohistochemically, capillaries of SPCH uniformly expressed endothelial markers, such as CD31, CD34. The patients were followed up for 15.0(22.0) months after surgery and all recovered well. Conclusions: SPCH is probably an unrecognized benign capillary proliferative disease. SPCH lesions mimic early lung cancer on CT as mixed ground-glass nodule, may be misdiagnosed as other nonspecific benign lesions. With careful histologic examination, SPCH can be successfully diagnosed using CD34 or CD31 immunohistochemistry staining.

[Ratio of transfer cesarean section after trial of labor and maternal-fetal adverse outcomes based on Robson classifications].

Objective: To investigate the ratio of transfer cesarean section after trial of labor and maternal-fetal outcomes based on Robson classifications. Methods: The delivery data by cesarean section in Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2015 (gestational age ≥28 weeks and newborn birth weight >1 000 g) were retrospectively collected. The ratio of transfer cesarean section after trial of labor and maternal-fetal adverse outcomes were analyzed by weighted adverse outcome score in different Robson classifications. Results: (1) The highest ratio of transfer cesarean section after trial of labor was classification 9 (all abnormal lies, including previous cesarean section and breech were excluded) reached 47.31% (431/911) , followed by classification 2 (nulliparous women with a single cephalic pregnancy, ≥37 weeks gestation who had labour induced) accounted for 44.90%(409/911). (2)The tops of weighted adverse outcome score of transfer cesarean section after trial of labor were classification 10 (single cephalic pregnancy at <37 weeks gestation, including women with previous cesarean delivery) 24.55, classification 5 (single cephalic pregnancy multiparous women, with at least one previous cesarean delivery, ≥37weeks gestation) 3.64. Conclusion: Carefully evaluating the delivery mode and emphasizing the intrapartum management in nulliparous women with a single cephalic pregnancy, at ≥37 weeks gestation who had labour induced and trial of labor after cesarean section is essential to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in transfer cesarean section after trial of labor.

[Research on natural antioxidants in the treatment of retinal degeneration].

Retinal degeneration (RD) is a common eye disease which may result in blindness. At present, there is no effective clinical treatment for RD. It is known that apoptosis causes the occurrence and development of retinal degeneration, therefore antiapoptotic/antioxidative treatment has always been the focus in the treatment of RD. There are many kinds of antioxidant drugs, among which natural antioxidants are featured with reliable sources, high safety and less side effects. Hence researchers across the world made tremendous efforts in finding the safe and effective natural antioxidants. This paper focuses on the research progress of natural antioxidants in the treatment of retinal degeneration, in an effort to provide some valuable reference for clinical research. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 312-315).

The protein oxidation of soybean meal induced by heating decreases its protein digestion in vitro and impairs growth performance and digestive function in broilers.

1. The soybean meal (SBM) was heated at 100°C for 1, 2, 4 and 8 h, respectively, and their resultant oxidative status was evaluated. 2. A total of 400 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 8 replicates of 10 birds each, and fed with diets containing non-heated SBM (NHSBM) or 1 of 4 heated SBMs (HSBMs, SBMs heated at 100°C for 1, 2, 4 and 8 h, respectively) for 42 d. 3. The contents of carbonyl in the SBMs were both linearly and quadratically increased, whereas the nitrogen solubility index, and in vitro digestibility of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) in the SBMs were both linearly and quadratically decreased as heating time increased (P < 0.05). The concentrations of sulfhydryl and total sulfhydryl in the SBMs were linearly decreased as heating time increased (P < 0.05). 4. The average daily gain was linearly decreased while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was linearly increased in broilers as heating time of dietary HSBMs increased during both d 22-42 and d 1-42 of study (P < 0.05), though FCR of broilers during d 22-42 study were unaffected when the heating time of dietary HSBMs was 1 h (P > 0.05). The serum glucose concentration and the activity of trypsin at d 42, and the apparent total digestibility of CP and DM were all linearly reduced in broilers when heating time of dietary HSBMs increased (P < 0.05). However, 1 h HSBM has a numerical higher CP and DM digestibility than NHSBM. The serum urea nitrogen contents were both linearly and quadratically increased at both d 21 and 42 (P < 0.05), and relative pancreas weight was linearly increased at d 42 in broilers as heating time of dietary HSBMs increased (P < 0.05).

[Establishment and application effect appraisement of community chronic obstructive pulmonary disease integrated management system].

Objective: To establish the COPD community integrated management system suitable for our national situation and assess its effects in the prevention and treatment for COPD. Methods: The COPD community integrated management system based on the electronic management system was established, including the functional modules of preliminary screening for COPD, electronic health record, grading management and dual referral system, ect. Two townships were randomly selected from the rural areas in north Guangdong as Observational Community and Control Community, respectively. Resident families were randomly selected from the two communities. One resident aged 40 or higher who was selected randomly from each family was enrolled in the trial and followed up for 2 years.Of a total of 460 participants from the Observational Community, 340 participants accomplished the two-years the follow-up, among whom there were 45 COPD patients, 117 high risk population, 178 common population. Of a total of 380 participants from the Control Community, 212 participants accomplished the follow-up, among whom there were 39 COPD patients, 68 high risk population, 105 common population.According to the COPD community integrated management system, the health cares including preliminary screening for COPD, grading management and dual referral, ect. were implemented in the Observational Community. Essential diagnosis and treatment services were performed in the Control Community. The effects of the system were appraised by comparisons of the pulmonary function change, acute exacerbation, quality of life and change of risk factors, ect. between the two communities. Results: After the intervention, the follow-up rate, smoking-quitting rate, the proportions of decline in current smoking, passive smoking and switching to clean energy for cooking in the Observational Community were significantly greater than those in the Control Community(73.9% vs. 55.8%, 70.8% vs. 9.1%, 24.2% vs. 7.1%, 32.6% vs. 3.5%, 67.8% vs. 3.2%, respectively, P<0.05). COPD knowledge rates of residents in the Observational Community, including "knowing about COPD" , "knowing about the symptoms of COPD" , "Whether COPD can be prevented and treated" and "lung function test" were significantly greater than before (84.7% vs.30.0%, 76.4% vs.7.6%, 71.5% vs.6.8%, 72.1% vs.27.4%, respectively, P<0.05) and greater than those in the Control Community(84.7% vs.73.6%, 76.4% vs.9.4%, 71.5% vs.7.1%, 72.1% vs.32.5%, P<0.05). In the Observational Community, FEV(1) and FEV(1) %Pred were significantly greater than before (1.88±0.71 vs. 1.74±0.64, 75.6±25.0 vs. 69.4±20.5, respectively, P<0.05). The values of the difference before and after the experiment in the patients of GOLD 1 grade COPD in the Observational Community were greater than those in the Control Community(P<0.05). In the Control Community, FEV(1)、FEV(1) %Pred had no significant difference before and after experiment(P>0.05). In the Observational Community, 6MWD, standard treatment rate and exercises>3 days per week were significantly greater than before(550.5±76.0 vs. 474.7±75.9, 64.4% vs. 8.9%, 100% vs. 22.2%, respectively, P<0.05) and greater than those in the Control Community(550.5±76.0 vs. 404.5±56.7, 64.4% vs. 10.3%, 100% vs. 30.8%, respectively, P<0.05), acute exacerbation was significantly less than before (4.4% vs. 17.8%, P<0.05). In the Control Unit, 6MWD was significantly less than before (404.5±56.7 vs. 469.8±58.5, P<0.05). Conclusions: The COPD community integrated management system can play a great role in community integrated prevention for COPD.

[Preliminary analysis of lung function of population with biofuel smoke exposure].

Objective: To analyse the impaired lung functions of people with biofuel smoke exposure. Methods: Nonsmokers with biofuel smoke exposure were selected as research objects in a mountainous area of northern Guangdong where the families used biofuels as main energies and the nonsmokers without biofuel smoke exposure in the same area as control. Questionnaire interviews and spirometry tests were performed on all subjects. To analyse the differences of lung functions in both. Results: Seventy hundred and seventeen subjects were enro1led in this study.There were 530 nonsmokers with biofuel smoke exposure(observation group) including 442 women and 88 men, average age 54±10. There were 187 nonsmokers without biofuel smoke exposure(control group) including 141 women and 46 men, average age 54±10. There was no significant difference between two groups in age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio(P>0.05). The pulmonary ventilation function index(FEV(1)%Pred, FEV(1)/FVC) in the observation group was significantly less than that in control group [(100±18) vs.(106±25); (80±10) vs.(83±6) respectively, P<0.05]. Small airway function index(PEF25, PEF50, PEF75, MMPEF and MMPEF%Pred) was significantly less than that in control group(P<0.01). According to the univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis, regression coefficients between BIOFUEL-INDEX and FEV/FVC was -0.1, 95%CI(-0.1, -0.1, P<0.01). According to the threshold analysis, the vertice of BIOFUEL-INDEX was 46.0, where the predicted Y value was 81.76, 95%CI (80.2, 83.33). When BIOFUEL-INDEX<46.0, the regression coefficient was 0, 95%CI (-0.1, 0.0)(P>0.05); when BIOFUEL-INDEX> 46.0, the regression coefficient 2 was -0.1, 95%CI (-0.2, -0.1)(P<0.01). The difference between coefficient 2 and 1 was -0.1, 95%CI (-0.2, 0.0), which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The Log-Likelihood ratio between Model I and Model Ⅱ had statistical significance (P=0.019). Conclusions: The biofuel smokes exposure causes damages in lung function.

[Severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome with dilated cardiomyopathy leading to pulmonary hypertension: case report and literature review].

Objective: To study the relationship between dilated cardiomyopathy and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to evaluate the curative effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in OSAHS complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: We reported one case with the symptom of exertional dyspnea for 1 year and aggravating for 1 month. The patient finally was diagnosed with severe OSAHS complicated with dilated cardiomyopathy leading to pulmonary hypertension. A systematic literature review was performed for similar published cases in Pubmed, Wanfang and CNKI database, using the keywords (obstructive sleep apnea) OR(OSA) OR(OSAHS) AND(dilated cardiomyopathy OR DCM)from January 1990 to May 2016. Results: Our patient had no significant improvement after receiving initial treatments, including reducing cardiac preload, improving myocardial metabolism, increasing myocardial contractility, and anticoagulants. After the patient was diagnosed as having severe OSAHS by polysomnography(PSG) and treated with CPAP, his symptoms improved remarkably. The enlarged heart became smaller and the patient had no repeated dyspnea at follow-up examination. By literature review, we found 4 English original articles and 6 Chinese articles (1 review article, 1 expert note, 1 original article and 3 case reports) on OSAHS complicated by DCM.Four Chinese and 1 English articles reported that the symptoms and parameters of OSAHS with DCM was improved remarkably after treatment with CPAP. Conclusion: For patients with dilated cardiomyopathy which fails to conventional therapy, especially those accompanied by obesity, snoring, daytime sleepiness, morning dry mouth and other related symptoms, PSG should be carried out. Early CPAP therapy could improve symptoms and prognosis of OSAHS associated with DCM.