Complicated role of ALKBH5 in gastrointestinal cancer: an updated review.

Gastrointestinal cancer is the most common malignancy in humans, often accompanied by poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is widely present in eukaryotic cells as the most abundant RNA modification. It plays a crucial role in RNA splicing and processing, nuclear export, translation, and stability. Human AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is a type of RNA demethylase exhibiting abnormal expression in various gastrointestinal cancers.It is closely related to the tumorigenesis, proliferation, migration, and other biological functions of gastrointestinal cancer. However, recent studies indicated that the role and mechanism of ALKBH5 in gastrointestinal cancer are complicated and even controversial. Thus, this review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the role of ALKBH5 as a tumor suppressor or promoter in gastrointestinal cancer. It examines the biological functions of ALKBH5 and its potential as a therapeutic target, providing new perspectives and insights for gastrointestinal cancer research.

Clinical experience using peripheral blood parameters to analyse the mutation type of thalassemia carriers in pregnant women.

Thalassaemia is a typically monogenic disease caused by mutations or deletions in the globin gene and has a high prevalence in southern China. Prenatal screening for thalassaemia can be effective in reducing the incidence of thalassaemia. Haematologic parameters of pregnant thalassaemia carriers are diverse and potentially valuable for identifying different types of genotypes. By comparing and evaluating haematological parameters, formulas in the literature, we tried to reveal differences between pregnant women carrying different types of thalassaemia genes. The Mentzer formula (MCV/RBC) showed a strong ability to differentiate thalassaemia genotypes in pregnant women. In addition, combined with haemoglobin electrophoresis HbA2 can further distinguish the -α/αα, αTα/αα, -/αα, ß+/N and ß0/N groups. HbA2 divides them into two groups. Based on the Mentzer formula, we can further decide which type of thalassaemia to screen (α/ß and the subgroups) for genotyping. Therefore, this simpler and more cost-effective workflow has great potential for application in screening pregnant women for thalassaemia carriers.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Currently, it is known that thalassaemia gene carriers have abnormal blood indicators. Many findings describe their important values in distinguishing thalassaemia and other blood diseases. They combined different metrics as an algorithm to distinguish thalassaemia and iron deficiency anaemia. Prenatal screening is an effective method to reduce the incidence of thalassaemia. The current main method is PCR. Due to technical and financial constraints, many backward places cannot use this technology. The necessity for prenatal screening for thalassaemia has been overlooked.What the results of this study add? Among these algorithms, Mentzer formula revealed differences in haematological parameters during pregnancy between normal individuals and thalassaemia carriers. Combining the HbA2, thalassaemia carriers can be distinguished from normal individuals, including -α/αα, αTα/αα, -/αα, ß0/N and ß+/N.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? We provide another tool for these hospitals that donot have Hb electrophoresis test and PCR. Then the clinical doctor can get some evidence and suggest women go to another big hospital for essential tests. It is an excellent suggestion. In the future, we will collect more specific gene types and further investigate their potential relationship using these formulas.

Blood biomarkers in the application of diagnosis and prediction of overall survival for 1089 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Previous studies have indicated that some blood metrics play a crucial role in the diagnostic and prognostic values of various solid tumours. However, their comprehensive and unbiased comparison for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been performed. Twenty blood metrics evaluated in tumours or noncancerous diseases were selected. We selected 1089 patients with NPC and analyzed the relationship between these metrics, clinical characteristics, and overall survival (OS). The albumin and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) exhibited a high area under the curve (AUC) value (> 0.7) together with high "sensitivity (Sen) + specificity (Spe) (> 1.5)" or Youden index (> 0.5) when compared to healthy populations. In comparing NPC and nasal polyps, 9 of 20 blood metrics showed a high AUC value (> 0.7). However, only the PNI and international normalised ratio show a sufficiently high Sen + Spe or Youden Index. None of them could distinguish the status of the TNM classification well. Only the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) could predict the OS of patients with NPC (cut-off, 4.91; p = 0.0069). Blood metrics as non-invasive biomarkers are valuable tools for clinical management. Among these indicators, PNI is the most ideal indicator to distinguish NPC from healthy and nasal polyps. The LMR has good prognostic value.

Nanoarchitectonics of Ni/CeO2 Catalysts: The Effect of Pretreatment on the Low-Temperature Steam Reforming of Glycerol.

CeO2 nanosphere-supported nickel catalysts were prepared by the wetness impregnation method and employed for hydrogen production from glycerol steam reforming. The dried catalyst precursors were either reduced by H2 after thermal calcination or reduced by H2 directly without calcination. The catalysts that were reduced by H2 without calcination achieved a 95% glycerol conversion at a reaction temperature of only 475 °C, and the catalytic stability was up to 35 h. However, the reaction temperature required of catalysts reduced by H2 with calcination was 500 °C, and the catalysts was rapidly inactivated after 25 h of reaction. A series of physicochemical characterization revealed that direct H2 reduction without calcination enhanced the concentration of oxygen vacancies. Thus, the nickel dispersion was improved, the nickel nanoparticle size was reduced, and the reduction of nickel was increased. Moreover, the high concentration of oxygen vacancy not only contributed to the increase of H2 yield, but also effectively reduced the amount of carbon deposition. The increased active nickel surface area and oxygen vacancies synergistically resulted in the superior catalytic performance for the catalyst that was directly reduced by H2 without calcination. The simple, direct hydrogen reduction method remarkably boosts catalytic performance. This strategy can be extended to other supports with redox properties and applied to heterogeneous catalytic reactions involving resistance to sintering and carbon deposition.

Study of the Metal-Support Interaction and Electronic Effect Induced by Calcination Temperature Regulation and Their Effect on the Catalytic Performance of Glycerol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production.

Steam reforming of glycerol to produce hydrogen is considered to be the very promising strategy to generate clean and renewable energy. The incipient-wetness impregnation method was used to load Ni on the reducible carrier TiO2 (P25). In the process of catalyst preparation, the interaction and electronic effect between metal Ni and support TiO2 were adjusted by changing the calcination temperature, and then the activity and hydrogen production of glycerol steam reforming reaction (GSR) was explored. A series of modern characterizations including XRD, UV-vis DRS, BET, XPS, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, TG, and Raman have been applied to systematically characterize the catalysts. The characterization results showed that the calcination temperature can contribute to varying degrees of influences on the acidity and basicity of the Ni/TiO2 catalyst, the specific surface area, together with the interaction force between Ni and the support. When the Ni/TiO2 catalyst was calcined at 600 °C, the Ni species can be produced in the form of granular NiTiO3 spinel. Consequently, due to the moderate metal-support interaction and electronic activity formed between the Ni species and the reducible support TiO2 in the NiO/Ti-600C catalyst, the granular NiTiO3 spinel can be reduced to a smaller Ni0 at a lower temperature, and thus to exhibit the best catalytic performance.