The Correlation of Family Resilience with Sleep Quality and Depression of Parents of Children with Epilepsy.

PURPOSE: The present study aims to investigate the correlation between family resilience, sleep quality, and depression in parents of children with epilepsy. DESIGN AND METHODS: The parents of 157 children with epilepsy were assessed using the shortened Chinese version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS-SC) to measure the resilience level of families of children with epilepsy. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to determine the sleep quality of the subjects. The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), a self-rating scale for evaluating depression, was used. RESULTS: The FRAS-SC total score was 97.9 ± 9.0. The PSQI total score was 6.41 ± 3.79, and the detection rate of sleep disorders was 37.6%. The SDS total score was 51.63 ± 10.73, and the detection rate of moderate-severe depressive symptoms was 21.6%. The FRAS-SC total score and all items (except USR) were negatively correlated with the PSQI total score (P < .05). The FRAS-SC total score and all items were significantly and negatively correlated with the SDS total score (P < .01). The degree of explanation of family resilience for sleep quality and depression was 3.5% and 14.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The higher the level of family resilience, the better sleep quality and the less depression the parents of children with epilepsy will get. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Relevant intervention measures based on family resilience will help to improve the sleep quality of parents of children with epilepsy and alleviate depression. And then improve the family's ability to care for children with epilepsy.

Short-term effects of nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and hydraulic shock during high-rate anammox wastewater treatment.

The stability and resilience of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) system under transient nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) (50, 75 and 100 mg L-1), hydraulic shock (2-fold increase in flow rate) and their combination were studied in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. The response to the shock loads can be divided into three phases i.e. shock, inertial and recovery periods. The effects of the shock loads were directly proportional to the shock intensity. The effluent quality was gradually deteriorated after exposure to high nZVI level (100 mg L-1) for 2 h. The higher effluent sensitivity index and response caused by unit intensity of shock was observed under hydraulic and combined shocks. Notably, the specific anammox activity and the content of heme c were considerably reduced during the shock phase and the maximum loss rates were about 30.5% and 24.8%, respectively. Nevertheless, the extracellular polymeric substance amount in the shock phase was enhanced in varying degrees and variation tendency was disparate at all the tested shock loads. These results suggested that robustness of the anammox system was dependent on the magnitude shocks applied and the reactor resistance can be improved by reducing hydraulic retention time with the increase of nZVI concentration under these circumstances.

4,4-Dichloro-tricyclo-[5.4.0.0]undeca-7,9,11-triene.

The title compound, C(11)H(10)Cl(2), is a useful inter-mediate for the synthesis of 1H-cyclo-propa[b]naphthalene. Strain in the mol-ecule is evidenced by the fact that the cyclo-hexane ring is essentially planar and nearly coplanar with the benzene ring [dihedral angle 1.87 (18)°], and the cyclo-propyl ring is almost perpendicular to the cyclo-hexane ring [dihedral angle 70.99 (12)°]. The mol-ecules are loosely connected into one-dimensional chains by inter-molecular Cl⋯Cl inter-actions with a distance of 3.571 (1) Å. The centroid-to-centroid distance between stacked benzene rings is ca 5.89 Å, indicating that no π-π stacking exists in the crystal structure.

Roles of MnO2 on performance, sludge characteristics and microbial community in anammox system.

The long-term impacts of MnO2 on performance, sludge characteristics and microbial community of biogranule-based anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process were evaluated in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. It was found that the total nitrogen removal efficiency of reactor was fluctuated between 90%-93% at 1-200mgL-1 MnO2. Notably, the specific anammox activity was increased to maximum value of 657.3±10.6mgTNg-1VSSd-1 at 50mgL-1 MnO2 and then slightly decreased, but still higher than that achieved at 0-15mgL-1 MnO2, which had similar variation trends to the content of heme c and extracellular polymeric substances in anammox granules. High throughput sequencing indicated that MnO2 could improve the microbial richness and diversity of anammox granules and Candidatus Kuenenia was always the dominant species, and its abundance continued to increase to 21.3% at the end of operational experiment. Therefore, MnO2 could be applied to enhance the anammox process and the optimal influent MnO2 concentration was lower than 50mgL-1 in view of the reactor performance and cost issues.

The short- and long-term effects of Mn2+ on biogranule-based anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox).

The short- and long-term effects of Mn2+ on the performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules were investigated in the present study. Anammox activity was determined at various Mn2+ concentrations in batch assays, and the 50% inhibition concentration value was determined to be 7.33mgL-1. However, no obvious deterioration of reactor performance was observed during the 150-day continuous-flow operation, and the nitrogen removal efficiency of the test reactor (R1) fluctuated between 91% and 92% as the Mn2+ concentration was increased from 1 to 200mgL-1. Additionally, the specific anammox activity, heme c content and the amounts of extracellular polymeric substances in the anammox biomass increased and then subsequently decreased. The results demonstrated that short-term exposure to Mn2+ has a negative effect on anammox biomass, but the biomass could tolerate Mn2+ stress after acclimation to a high concentration of 200mgL-1 at the end of the continuous-flow experiment.