Short-peptide-based enteral nutrition affects rats MDP translocation and protects against gut-lung injury via the PepT1-NOD2-beclin-1 pathway in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) transports bacterial oligopeptide products and induces inflammation of the bowel. Nutritional peptides compete for the binding of intestinal bacterial products to PepT1. We investigated the mechanism of short-peptide-based enteral nutrition (SPEN) on the damage to the gut caused by the bacterial oligopeptide product muramyl dipeptide (MDP), which is transported by PepT1. The gut-lung axis is a shared mucosal immune system, and immune responses and disorders can affect the gut-respiratory relationship. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with solutions containing MDP, MDP + SPEN, MDP + intact-protein-based enteral nutrition (IPEN), glucose as a control, or glucose with GSK669 (a NOD2 antagonist). Inflammation, mitochondrial damage, autophagy, and apoptosis were explored to determine the role of the PepT1-nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2)-beclin-1 signaling pathway in the small intestinal mucosa. MDP and proinflammatory factors of lung tissue were explored to determine that MDP can migrate to lung tissue and cause inflammation. Induction of proinflammatory cell accumulation and intestinal damage in MDP gavage rats was associated with increased NOD2 and Beclin-1 mRNA expression. IL-6 and TNF-α expression and apoptosis were increased, and mitochondrial damage was severe, as indicated by increased mtDNA in the MDP group compared with controls. MDP levels and expression of proinflammatory factors in lung tissue increased in the MDP group compared with the control group. SPEN, but not IPEN, eliminated these impacts. CONCLUSIONS: Gavage of MDP to rats resulted in damage to the gut-lung axis. SPEN reverses the adverse effects of MDP. The PepT1-NOD2-beclin-1 pathway plays a role in small intestinal inflammation, mitochondrial damage, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed ortho-alkenylation using a cyclic N-phosphoryl ketimine as the directing group.

A novel cyclic N-phosphoryl ketimine structure can efficiently react with olefins as useful directing groups to construct a myriad of phosphate scaffolds via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed ortho-alkenylation. This method provides a probability that the coupling products could be used as a building block to access more complex organic phosphorus compounds.

One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Spirofluorene-Indene via Ru(II)-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation and Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Cyclization.

Ru(II)-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted spirofluorene-indenes via [3 + 2] annulation and then intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation has been achieved. The simple method provides a broad scope of aryl ketones and internal alkynes, achieving PAHs skeletons in moderate to good yields.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed three-component reaction of imines, alkynes, and aldehydes through C-H activation.

An efficient rhodium(III)-catalyzed tandem three-component reaction of imines, alkynes and aldehydes through CH activation has been developed. High stereo- and regioselectivity, as well as good yields were obtained in most cases. The simple and atom-economical approach offers a broad scope of substrates, providing polycyclic skeletons with potential biological properties.

Ultrasound Diagnosis of Bilateral Primary Breast Burkitt Lymphoma in a 28-Year-Old Lactating Patient: A Case Report.

Primary breast Burkitt lymphoma (PB-BL) is an exceedingly rare form of primary breast lymphoma. Ultrasonography is the preferred modality for diagnosing breast diseases; however, the ultrasonic features of Burkitt lymphoma have rarely been reported. Herein, we report a case of ultrasonically diagnosed bilateral PB-BL in a lactating patient and present a literature review. A 28-year-old female patient experienced bilateral breast engorgement starting more than a month after childbirth. At three months postpartum, the patient experienced extreme bilateral breast engorgement, with the skin appearing dark purple and jaundiced. Based on the imaging diagnosis, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological findings, she was diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma involves bilateral breasts, right adrenal glands, uterus, and multiple bones. After 4 cycles of combination chemotherapy, the tumor basically disappeared, and then after autologous stem cell transplantation and one cycle of combination chemotherapy, the patient is generally in good condition and is under follow-up. We found that the ultrasonic characteristics of PB-BL are different from those of common breast cancer or lactation mastitis. PB-BL lesions are often multiple, large masses, and even involve the whole breast. The characteristic reticular structures are common in lesions, and irregular hyperechoic masses can be seen around it. The mass has abundant peripheral and internal blood flow signals, but internal calcification and attenuated posterior echoes of masses are rarely observed. Thus, the ultrasonic features of breast Burkitt lymphoma are somewhat specific and understanding these features is conducive to its early identification.

N-(Pyrazin-2-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2-amine.

There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H9N5, in which the C-N(amine)-C angles differ slightly [129.63 (11) and 132.02 (11)°]. In each independent mol-ecule, an intra-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bond stabilizes the mol-ecular structure, forming an S(6) ring motif. The independent mol-ecules are linked via an N-H⋯N hydrogen bond. Further N-H⋯N and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect the mol-ecules into chains along c axis. Pairs of C-H⋯π inter-actions between the chains lead to sheets parallel to the b axis. These are linked by π-π inter-actions between the naphthyridine and pyrazine rings [centroid-centroid separations of 3.553 (8) Å] into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Case report: 177Lu DOTA-TATE: a new scheme for the treatment of prostate neuroendocrine cancer.

Background: Most instances of small cell carcinoma originate from the lungs, while the gastrointestinal tract serves as a secondary site. Only a minuscule proportion of cases manifest within the urogenital system. Prostate small cell carcinoma (SCCP) represents an exceedingly uncommon pathological subtype within the realm of prostate cancer, displaying significant rarity in clinical settings. This scarcity has resulted in a paucity of adequate foundational and clinical research for SCCP treatment. While investigations have unveiled a certain therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for SCCP, clinical practice has revealed suboptimal treatment outcomes. We hereby present a case report detailing the utilization of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE in the treatment of SCCP, aiming to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE for SCCP. Case presentation: A male patient in his 80s presented with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and underwent a biopsy that revealed prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient received CAB (bicalutamide + goserelin) therapy. One year later, disease progression was detected, and a second biopsy confirmed the presence of prostate small cell carcinoma. Following the diagnosis of prostate small cell carcinoma, the patient underwent two cycles of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE treatment. Subsequent to the treatment, the original lesions showed shrinkage, metastatic lesions disappeared, and there was significant improvement, approaching complete remission. Conclusion: SCCP exhibits a high degree of malignancy and aggressive invasiveness, currently lacking effective therapeutic modalities. The treatment course of this patient serves as compelling evidence for the efficacy of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE in managing SCCP, thereby opening new avenues for future SCCP treatments.

Engineering nanotheranostic strategies for liver cancer.

The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years, and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor. Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in medicine, especially the advantages in the treatments of liver cancer. Some engineering nanoparticles with active targeting, ligand modification, and passive targeting capacity achieve efficient drug delivery to tumor cells. In addition, the behavior of drug release is also applied to the drug loading nanosystem based on the tumor microenvironment. Considering clinical use of local treatment of liver cancer, in situ drug delivery of nanogels is also fully studied in orthotopic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and ablation therapy. Furthermore, novel therapies including gene therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also applied as combined therapy for liver cancer. Engineering nonviral polymers to function as gene delivery vectors with increased efficiency and specificity, and strategies of co-delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs show great therapeutic effect against liver tumors, including drug-resistant tumors. Phototherapy is also applied in surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Combination strategies significantly enhance therapeutic effects and decrease side effects. Overall, the application of nanotechnology could bring a revolutionary change to the current treatment of liver cancer.

Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Tandem [3 + 2] Annulation: Synthesis of Spirocyclic Phosphoramide Derivatives.

A highly efficient iridium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/tandem Grignard-type [3 + 2] annulation process was developed for the synthesis of novel spirocyclic phosphoramide derivatives. Compared with other transition-metal catalysts, [Cp*IrCl2]2 exhibited favorite efficiency and best selectivity in this cascade reaction. The strategy could be applied to further construct more complex heterocyclic compounds.

Multi-site cyclization via initial C-H activation using a rhodium(III) catalyst: rapid assembly of frameworks containing indoles and indolines.

Tandem multi-site cyclization triggered by Rh(iii)-catalyzed C-H activation has been achieved for highly efficient synthesis of spirocycle indolin-3-one (C2-cyclization), benzo[a]carbazole (C3-cyclization) and an unusual indoxyl core (N1-cyclization). In particular, the synthesis of pseudo-indoxyl is typically completed within 10 min, and the reaction tolerates air, water and a range of solvents.