RESUMO
Season of birth, a surrogate of seasonal variation of environmental exposures, has been associated with increased risk of several cancers. In the context of a Southern-Eastern Europe (SEE) consortium, we explored the potential association of birth seasonality with childhood (0-14 years) central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Primary CNS tumor cases (n = 6,014) were retrieved from 16 population-based SEE registries (1983-2015). Poisson regression and meta-analyses on birth season were performed in nine countries with available live birth data (n = 4,987). Subanalyses by birth month, age, gender and principal histology were also conducted. Children born during winter were at a slightly increased risk of developing a CNS tumor overall [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.06, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.99-1.14], and of embryonal histology specifically (IRR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27). The winter peak of embryonal tumors was higher among boys (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46), especially during the first 4 years of life (IRR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.71). In contrast, boys <5 years born during summer seemed to be at a lower risk of embryonal tumors (IRR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.99). A clustering of astrocytomas was also found among girls (0-14 years) born during spring (IRR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.46). Although the present exploratory results are by no means definitive, they provide some indications for age-, gender- and histology-related seasonal variations of CNS tumors. Expansion of registration and linkage with cytogenetic reports could refine if birth seasonality is causally associated with CNS tumors and shed light into the complex pathophysiology of this lethal disease.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Astrocitoma/epidemiologia , Astrocitoma/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Europa Oriental/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Parto , Risco , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Childhood (0-14 years) lymphomas, nowadays, present a highly curable malignancy compared with other types of cancer. We used readily available cancer registration data to assess mortality and survival disparities among children residing in Southern-Eastern European (SEE) countries and those in the United States. Average age-standardized mortality rates and time trends of Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL; including Burkitt [BL]) lymphomas in 14 SEE cancer registries (1990-2014) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER, United States; 1990-2012) were calculated. Survival patterns in a total of 8918 cases distinguishing also BL were assessed through Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models. Variable, rather decreasing, mortality trends were noted among SEE. Rates were overall higher than that in SEER (1.02/106 ), which presented a sizeable (-4.8%, P = .0001) annual change. Additionally, remarkable survival improvements were manifested in SEER (10 years: 96%, 86%, and 90% for HL, NHL, and BL, respectively), whereas diverse, still lower, rates were noted in SEE. Non-HL was associated with a poorer outcome and an amphi-directional age-specific pattern; specifically, prognosis was inferior in children younger than 5 years than in those who are 10 to 14 years old from SEE (hazard ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.28-1.96) and superior in children who are 5 to 9 years old from SEER/United States (hazard ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.88) than in those who are 10 to 14 years old. In conclusion, higher SEE lymphoma mortality rates than those in SEER, but overall decreasing trends, were found. Despite significant survival gains among developed countries, there are still substantial geographic, disease subtype-specific, and age-specific outcome disparities pointing to persisting gaps in the implementation of new treatment modalities and indicating further research needs.
Assuntos
Linfoma/mortalidade , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Masculino , Vigilância da População , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Sistema de Registros , Programa de SEER , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe epidemiologic patterns of childhood (0-14 years) lymphomas in the Southern and Eastern European (SEE) region in comparison with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), USA, and explore tentative discrepancies. METHODS: Childhood lymphomas were retrieved from 14 SEE registries (n = 4,702) and SEER (n = 4,416), diagnosed during 1990-2014; incidence rates were estimated and time trends were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall age-adjusted incidence rate was higher in SEE (16.9/106) compared to SEER (13.6/106), because of a higher incidence of Hodgkin (HL, 7.5/106 vs. 5.1/106) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL, 3.1 vs. 2.3/106), whereas the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was overall identical (5.9/106 vs. 5.8/106), albeit variable among SEE. Incidence increased with age, except for BL which peaked at 4 years; HL in SEE also showed an early male-specific peak at 4 years. The male preponderance was more pronounced for BL and attenuated with increasing age for HL. Increasing trends were noted in SEER for total lymphomas and NHL, and was marginal for HL, as contrasted to the decreasing HL and NHL trends generally observed in SEE registries, with the exception of increasing HL incidence in Portugal; of note, BL incidence trend followed a male-specific increasing trend in SEE. CONCLUSIONS: Registry-based data reveal variable patterns and time trends of childhood lymphomas in SEE and SEER during the last decades, possibly reflecting diverse levels of socioeconomic development of the populations in the respective areas; optimization of registration process may allow further exploration of molecular characteristics of disease subtypes.
Assuntos
Linfoma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Programa de SEER , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze trends of death rates for cervical cancer (CC) on territory of The Republic of Serbia in the period 1991-2011. METHODS: In this descriptive epidemiological study, unpublished data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia were used for the analysis of mortality due to CC among women in Serbia, from 1991 to 2011. Three different types of rates were calculated: crude, age-specific and age-adjusted rates. The age-standardized rates were calculated by the direct method of standardization using the World Standard Population as standard. The trends were assessed by joinpoint linear regression analysis. An average annual percentage change (AAPC) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed for trends. RESULTS: The average age-standardized CC mortality rate (ASCCMR) was 7.03 per 100,000. The lowest value of the ASCCMR was at the beginning of the observed period (6.05 per 100,000) and the highest was 8.17 per 100,000 in 2008. The age-adjusted CC mortality rates have been continuously and significantly increasing (AAPC=+0.7, 95% CI=0.3- 1.1, p<0.05). In all age groups we found increasing trends, except in the age group of 65-74 years. CONCLUSION: Since ASCCMR has been steadily increasing during the period observed, reducing these rates is highly warranted. To achieve this target, an organized CC screening program is essential.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Causas de Morte/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnósticoRESUMO
Skeletal growth by endochondral ossification involves tightly coordinated chondrocyte differentiation that creates reserve, proliferating, prehypertrophic, and hypertrophic cartilage zones in the growth plate. Many human skeletal disorders result from mutations in cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components that compromise both ECM architecture and chondrocyte function. Understanding normal cartilage development, composition, and structure is therefore vital to unravel these disease mechanisms. To study this intricate process in vivo by proteomics, we analyzed mouse femoral head cartilage at developmental stages enriched in either immature chondrocytes or maturing/hypertrophic chondrocytes (post-natal days 3 and 21, respectively). Using LTQ-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 703 cartilage proteins. Differentially abundant proteins (q < 0.01) included prototypic markers for both early and late chondrocyte differentiation (epiphycan and collagen X, respectively) and novel ECM and cell adhesion proteins with no previously described roles in cartilage development (tenascin X, vitrin, Urb, emilin-1, and the sushi repeat-containing proteins SRPX and SRPX2). Meta-analysis of cartilage development in vivo and an in vitro chondrocyte culture model (Wilson, R., Diseberg, A. F., Gordon, L., Zivkovic, S., Tatarczuch, L., Mackie, E. J., Gorman, J. J., and Bateman, J. F. (2010) Comprehensive profiling of cartilage extracellular matrix formation and maturation using sequential extraction and label-free quantitative proteomics. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 9, 1296-1313) identified components involved in both systems, such as Urb, and components with specific roles in vivo, including vitrin and CILP-2 (cartilage intermediate layer protein-2). Immunolocalization of Urb, vitrin, and CILP-2 indicated specific roles at different maturation stages. In addition to ECM-related changes, we provide the first biochemical evidence of changing endoplasmic reticulum function during cartilage development. Although the multifunctional chaperone BiP was not differentially expressed, enzymes and chaperones required specifically for collagen biosynthesis, such as the prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, cartilage-associated protein, and peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase B complex, were down-regulated during maturation. Conversely, the lumenal proteins calumenin, reticulocalbin-1, and reticulocalbin-2 were significantly increased, signifying a shift toward calcium binding functions. This first proteomic analysis of cartilage development in vivo reveals the breadth of protein expression changes during chondrocyte maturation and ECM remodeling in the mouse femoral head.
Assuntos
Cartilagem/metabolismo , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Animais , Cartilagem/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , ProteomaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Cancer is the one of the leading cause of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine cancer mortality trends in the population of central Serbia in the period from 2002 to 2011. METHODS: The descriptive epidemiological method was used. The mortality from all malignant tumors (code C00-C96 of the International Disease Classification) was registered. The source of mortality data was the published material of the Cancer Registry of Serbia. The source of population data was the census of 2002 and 2011 and the estimates for inter-census years. Non-standardized, age-adjusted and age-specific mortality rates were calculated. Age adjustment of mortality rates was performed by the direct method of standardization. Trend lines were estimated using linear regression. RESULTS: During 2002-2011, cancer caused about 20% of all deaths each year in central Serbia. More men (56.9%) than women (43.1%) died of cancer. The average mortality rate for men was 1.3 times higher compared to women. A significant trend of increase of the age-adjusted mortality rates was recorded both for males (p<0.001) and for females (p=0.02). Except gastric cancer, the age-adjusted mortality rates in men were significantly increased for lung cancer (p=0.02), colorectal cancer (p<0.05), prostate cancer (p=0.01) and pancreatic cancer (p=0.01). Age-adjusted mortality rates for breast cancer in females were remarkably increased (p=0.01), especially after 2007. CONCLUSIONS: In central Serbia during the period from 2002 to 2011, there was an increasing trend in mortality rates due to cancers in both sexes. Cancer mortality in males was 1.3-fold higher compared to females.
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/patologia , Fatores de Risco , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite the increase in cancer incidence in the last years in Serbia, no nation-wide, population-based cancer epidemiology data have been reported. In this study cancer incidence and mortality rates for Serbia are presented using nation-wide data from two population-based cancer registries. These rates are additionally compared to European and global cancer epidemiology estimates. Finally, predictions on Serbian cancer incidence and mortality rates are provided. METHODS: Cancer incidence and mortality was collected from the cancer registries of Central Serbia and Vojvodina from 1999 to 2009. Using age-specific regression models, we estimated time trends and predictions for cancer incidence and mortality for the following five years (2010-2014). The comparison of Serbian with European and global cancer incidence/mortality rates, adjusted to the world population (ASR-W) was performed using Serbian population-based data and estimates from GLOBOCAN 2008. RESULTS: Increasing trends in both overall cancer incidence and mortality rates were identified for Serbia. In men, lung cancer showed the highest incidence (ASR-W 2009: 70.8/100,000), followed by colorectal (ASR-W 2009: 39.9/100,000), prostate (ASR-W 2009: 29.1/100,000) and bladder cancer (ASR-W 2009: 16.2/100,000). Breast cancer was the most common form of cancer in women (ASR-W 2009: 70.8/100,000) followed by cervical (ASR-W 2009: 25.5/100,000), colorectal (ASR-W 2009: 21.1/100,000) and lung cancer (ASR-W 2009: 19.4/100,000). Prostate and colorectal cancers have been significantly increasing over the last years in men, while this was also observed for breast cancer incidence and lung cancer mortality in women. In 2008 Serbia had the highest mortality rate from breast cancer (ASR-W 2008: 22.7/100,000), among all European countries while incidence and mortality of cervical, lung and colorectal cancer were well above European estimates. CONCLUSION: Cancer incidence and mortality in Serbia has been generally increasing over the past years. For a number of cancer sites, incidence and mortality is alarmingly higher than in the majority of European regions. For this increasing trend to be controlled, the management of risk factors that are present among the Serbian population is necessary. Additionally, prevention and early diagnosis are areas where significant improvements could still be made.
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Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Causas de Morte , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Sistema de Registros , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The concept of circular economy (CE) is increasingly prominent in European Union (EU) countries, considering the demand for incorporating renewable resources into end products. Similar to sustainable development dimensions, CE indicators can be classified within economic, social, and environmental protection categories, depending on their measuring scope, and within micro-, meso-, and macro-level, depending on the level of observation. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of CE innovation on CE performance in EU countries by modeling the Eurostat indicators via SmartPLS software. Relying on the relevant literature review, the paper first presents the concept of CE and the composite indicators used for evaluating its specific performances, as well as previous global and European experiences. Further, the study focuses on the modeling options for CE performance composite indicators demonstrating the relationship between the accomplishments of CE and the use of innovative measures at the level of products, services, or processes. Based on the data from EU27 countries for the period 2018-2021, the paper explores the relationship between variable and model composite indicators using SmartPLS software. SmartPLS output results support four assumption paths between CE indicator groups which are also confirmed with convergent and discriminant validity and heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) values. CE path modeling structure confirms the positive connection between CE innovations and CE performance emphasizing the need for providing a supportive environment and funds for innovations.
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , União EuropeiaRESUMO
Articular cartilage is indispensable for joint function but has limited capacity for self-repair. Engineering of neocartilage in vitro is therefore a major target for autologous cartilage repair in arthritis. Previous analysis of neocartilage has targeted cellular organization and specific molecular components. However, the complexity of extracellular matrix (ECM) development in neocartilage has not been investigated by proteomics. To redress this, we developed a mouse neocartilage culture system that produces a cartilaginous ECM. Differential analysis of the tissue proteome of 3-week neocartilage and 3-day postnatal mouse cartilage using solubility-based protein fractionation targeted components involved in neocartilage development, including ECM maturation. Initially, SDS-PAGE analysis of sequential extracts revealed the transition in protein solubility from a high proportion of readily soluble (NaCl-extracted) proteins in juvenile cartilage to a high proportion of poorly soluble (guanidine hydrochloride-extracted) proteins in neocartilage. Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap) and statistical analysis were then used to filter three significant protein groups: proteins enriched according to extraction condition, proteins differentially abundant between juvenile cartilage and neocartilage, and proteins with differential solubility properties between the two tissue types. Classification of proteins differentially abundant between NaCl and guanidine hydrochloride extracts (n = 403) using bioinformatics revealed effective partitioning of readily soluble components from subunits of larger protein complexes. Proteins significantly enriched in neocartilage (n = 78) included proteins previously not reported or with unknown function in cartilage (integrin-binding protein DEL1; coiled-coil domain-containing protein 80; emilin-1 and pigment epithelium derived factor). Proteins with differential extractability between juvenile cartilage and neocartilage included ECM components (nidogen-2, perlecan, collagen VI, matrilin-3, tenascin and thrombospondin-1), and the relationship between protein extractability and ECM ultrastructural organization was supported by electron microscopy. Additionally, one guanidine extract-specific neocartilage protein, protease nexin-1, was confirmed by immunohistochemistry as a novel component of developing articular cartilage in vivo. The extraction profile and matrix-associated immunostaining implicates protease nexin-1 in cartilage development in vitro and in vivo.
Assuntos
Cartilagem/metabolismo , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/isolamento & purificação , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Proteômica/métodos , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Animais , Cartilagem/ultraestrutura , Cromatografia Líquida , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Matriz Extracelular/ultraestrutura , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/química , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/classificação , Immunoblotting , Imuno-Histoquímica , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Solubilidade , Coloração e Rotulagem , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mining, especially underground coal mining, has always been a hazardous occupation. Injuries, including those that are fatal, are a major occupational risk that all miners have to face. OBJECTIVE: Despite the fact that all workers are aware of the risks, efforts must be made to increase their safety through the implementation of preventive measures. METHODS: This retrospective study includes injury data from all nine Serbian coal mines over a 16-year period, from 2000 to 2016. All injury data were collected from employee safety and health records. RESULTS: In the analyzed period, a total of 9,273 occupational injuries were recorded at Resavica. The highest number of occupational injuries (over 600) were recorded in 2008 (669), 2004 (651), and 2005 (603). The data shows that almost one fifth of the total number of occupational injuries, or 20.74%, occurred during the said three years. On average, 493.06 minor, 51.12 severe, and 1.29 fatal injuries occurred each year. Every day there were 1.29 minor occupational injuries and every seven days there was one severe injury. CONCLUSIONS: Despite indications that there is a connection between some of the variables and the number of injuries, the general conclusion is that injuries are accidental and unpredictable. The high percentages of injuries are due to the organization of work and the age or qualification structure of the staff and, of course, are the consequence of likelihood -the greater the number of workers, the greater the likelihood of injury. However, the present study showed that some measures can be taken to increase occupational safety and reduce the number of injuries.
Assuntos
Minas de Carvão , Saúde Ocupacional , Traumatismos Ocupacionais , Humanos , Mineração , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sérvia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIM: To analyze cancer mortality trends in men in Central Serbia during 1985-2006 period. METHODS: Mortality rates and trends for the most frequent cancers in men (lung, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancer) were calculated. Mortality rates for all cancers were adjusted by direct standardization. Percentage changes of the rates were calculated as the percentage difference between the rates of two successive years and then as a mean of these changes for the entire observed period. Trend lines were estimated using linear regression. RESULTS: Total cancer mortality in men increased, with mean percentage of annual changes being 1.53% (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.09-3.16). Lung, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers represented 58.1% and 61.6% of total cancer deaths in 1985 and 2006, respectively. Increasing trends were observed for all investigated cancers: mean annual percentage change for lung cancer was 2.31%(95% CI, 1.03-3.59), for colorectal cancer 2.23% (95% CI, -0.18-4.65), for prostate cancer 3.06% (95% CI, -2.07-8.18), and for pancreatic cancer 1.58% (95% CI, -2.17-5.32). Stomach cancer mortality significantly decreased in age groups 40-49 and 50-59 years. CONCLUSION: The most frequent cancers in men in Central Serbia, i.e., lung, colorectal, prostate, and pancreatic cancer, showed an increasing trend. Only stomach cancer mortality decreased over time.
Assuntos
Mortalidade/tendências , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sérvia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Biodiesel as renewable, environmental friendly, less toxic, and biodegradable is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels and is produced mainly from vegetable oils and animal fats. It is expected, globally, that the use of renewable biofuels, in general, will increase rapidly in the near future. The growing biodiesel production and usage have encouraged assessment of its impact on the environment. The present paper reviews various aspects of biodiesel production using commercial processing technology and biodiesel use through evaluation and analysis of the studies concerning environmental impacts of biodiesel. As a general conclusion, it can be said that biodiesel has the potential to offer a series of perceived benefits such as political, economical, and agricultural, as well as environmental (due to its biodegradability, less toxicity, renewability) and health (greenhouse gas-saving, less harmful exhaust emissions).
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Biocombustíveis/análise , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Emissões de Veículos/análise , Combustíveis Fósseis/análise , Óleos de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
The objective of the conducted research is the identification and determination of requirements of members of fire rescue brigades during operations in the conditions of high risk in order to minimize the possibilities for injury incidence during the intervention. The research is focused on examination, determination and identification of factors affecting the increasing number of occupational injuries of members of fire rescue brigades during interventions. Hypothetical framework of the research problem consists of general hypothesis and six special hypotheses. Results suggest that almost all respondents believe that their skills and abilities are applicable in the intervention phase, but less than a half believe that their skills are applicable in prevention phase. Two-thirds of respondents stated that in their organization they have support for further education and upgrading while a half of respondents stated that they need education concerning identification, assessment and management of risks that can lead to emergency situations.
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Incêndios , Saúde Ocupacional , Trabalho de Resgate , Gestão da Segurança/organização & administração , Integração de Sistemas , Adolescente , Adulto , Península Balcânica/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) constitute a large and heterogeneous group of malignant tumours. This paper describes and interprets geographical patterns (1988-1997) and time trends (1978-1997) of NHL incidence and survival in European children and adolescents. All 7702 lymphomas that were not Hodgkin's, were extracted from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System (ACCIS) database and included in different analyses. In children under 15 years of age and for the period 1988-1997, the overall NHL age-adjusted incidence rate was 9.4 per million and has been increasing over 20 years by 0.9% per year on average (P=0.002). In adolescents aged 15-19 years, the age-specific incidence rate was 15.9 per million, increasing annually by 1.7% (P=0.007). Five-year survival of children diagnosed in 1988-1997 was 77%, ranging from 58% in the East to 83% in the West. A substantial increase in survival was observed in all European regions. Systematic monitoring and evaluation of childhood and adolescent data on NHL will contribute to further improvement in public health policy for the young population of Europe.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Linfoma não Hodgkin/mortalidade , Masculino , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Características de Residência , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine cancer mortality trends in Central Serbia (1985-2002). METHODS: Cancer mortality rates were based on the official death certificates (n=192849). They were standardized for age and sex. RESULTS: In the observed period, mortality rates showed a tendency to increase in both males (y = 118.54 + 2.27x, p = 0.0001) and females (y = 83.32 + 1.02x, p = 0.0001). Mortality of lung cancer increased in both sexes (y = 32.38 + 0.86x, p < 0.001 for males, y = 6.25 + 0.25y, p < 0.001 for females), as did colorectal cancer (y = 10.87 + 033x, p < 0.001 for males, y = 8.51 + 0.09x, p < 0.05 for females). Breast cancer mortality rates increased (y = 14.48 + 0.35x, p = 0.0001), and so did cervical cancer (y = 5.14 + 0.14x, p < 0.01). Mortality of gastric cancer in males has been moderately decreasing after 1990s (y(19902002) = 13.67-0.20x, p < 0.01), while prostate cancer mortality remained relatively stable. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing cancer mortality trends in the last 18 years in Central Serbia indicate the extremely urgent needs for health authorities to adopt measures of cancer prevention that proved effective in other countries.
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Mortalidade/tendências , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Atestado de Óbito , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Iugoslávia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Cancers of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx (LOCP) are frequently grouped together mainly because they have similar risk factors. The incidence rate of these cancers varies worldwide depending on the geographic location. The aim of this study was to determine trends in age-standardized incidence rates of LOCP cancers in the Belgrade population during a 12-year period, from 1999 to 2010. METHODS: From The Serbian Cancer Registry (The Registry), we extracted all cases of LOCP cancers registered in Belgrade from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2010. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to define trends and annual percentage change (APC). RESULTS: A total number of 2,025 (1,509 in men and 516 in women) LOCP cancers were reported to the Registry during the study period. The age standardized rate (ASR) for the entire period and for all LOCP cancers, was 6.24 per 100,000 persons (10.35 for men and 2.86 for women). ASR for lip cancers decreased (p < 0.001) during the study period with APC of -8.4%. The ASR for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results show a significantly decreasing trend of the incidence rate for lip cancers in the population of the city of Belgrade between 1999 and 2010. On the contrary, the incidence of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers increased for both men and women.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Neoplasias Labiais/epidemiologia , Masculino , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Most countries in South-Eastern Europe (SEE) have lower incidence, but higher mortality rates of malignant melanoma (MM) of the skin compared to North-Western Europe (NWE). We explored trends in MM incidence and mortality in SEE countries by sex and age and compared them with the trends in NWE. METHODS: We obtained data on incident cases and deaths from MM (ICD-10 code C43) from 11 population-based cancer registries in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Malta, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey. We calculated age-specific rates for 25-49 ('young'), 50-69 ('middle aged') and 70+ years ('older') and estimated the average annual percent of change in incidence and mortality trends 2000-2010 according to age group and sex, using joinpoint regression analysis. FINDINGS: The incidence rates of MM across the region were uniformly increasing. Significant increases in mortality rates were observed in middle aged men in Serbia and Bulgaria, middle aged women in Slovenia, older men in the Czech Republic, Serbia and Turkey, and older women in Slovenia and Serbia. INTERPRETATION: While MM incidence rates were still increasing across SEE, mortality trends diverged and were less favourable than in NWE. Empowering cancer registration and improving the quality of incidence and mortality data will be essential for monitoring progress in MM control. In the context of prevention of melanoma, disparities in early detection appear to be widening the gap between SEE and NWE, while the provision of care to patients with advanced disease is likely to prove a challenge for regional healthcare budgets.
Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/mortalidade , Melanoma/prevenção & controle , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade/tendências , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Cutâneas/prevenção & controle , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
AIM: To assess trends in survival and geographic disparities among children (0-14 years) with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) before and after the introduction of molecular therapy, namely tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in Southern-Eastern European (SEE) countries and the USA. METHODS: We calculated survival among children with CML, acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in 14 SEE (1990-2014) cancer registries and the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER, 1990-2012). We used Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Among 369 CML cases, substantial improvements were noted in 2-year survival during the post-TKI (range: 81-89%) compared to pre-TKI period (49-66%; HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23-0.60). Risk of death was three times higher for <5-year-old children versus those aged 10-14 years (HR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.85-4.94) and 56% higher for those living in SEE versus SEER (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.01-2.42). Regardless of geographic area and period of TKI administration, however, age seems to be a significant determinant of CML prognosis (pre-TKI period, HR0-4y: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.53-4.79; post-TKI period, HR0-4y: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.29-8.85). Noticeably, post-TKI survival in CML overall approximates that for ALL, whereas therapeutic advancements for AML remain modest. CONCLUSION: Registry data show that introduction of molecular therapies coincides with revolutionised therapeutic outcomes in childhood CML entailing dramatically improved survival which is now similar to that in ALL. Given that age disparities in survival remain substantial, offering optimal therapy to entire populations is an urgent priority.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/mortalidade , Sistema de Registros , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente) , Europa Oriental , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Masculino , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Análise Multivariada , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Programa de SEER , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The purpose of this paper is to present basic elements of the research directed at identifying and determining the personality traits of professional drivers that affect safe, secure and enjoyable ride on public roads. A quantitative method has been used here, whereas data were acquired from a questionnaire based on a sample of 59 professional drivers. Determining personality traits of professional drivers that are in correlation with a safe and pleasant ride on the roads has been enabled by applying the five-factor model of personality ('Big Five') and the Personality Inventory NEO-PI. From these results it was concluded that safe operation of the vehicle in traffic involves the successful 'conduct' of oneself, which recognises the importance of certain personality traits of professional drivers for traffic safety and the need for appropriate professional selection in the case of employment of professional drivers. Research results implicate development of educational programmes aimed at achieving harmony of psychological, physical and sensory health, that is, programmes for permanent informing, educating and training professional drivers for defensive driving. The research opens the way for new research tasks that should help in creating a specific structure of curricula that can be used in a variety of transportation companies and enterprises to improve general and public safety.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Personalidade , Segurança , Acidentes de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Condução de Veículo/educação , Extroversão Psicológica , Humanos , Introversão Psicológica , Satisfação no Emprego , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Veículos Automotores , Inventário de Personalidade , Seleção de Pessoal , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Nonmelanoma skin cancers in the literature are mainly related to basal cell and squamous cell skin carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the trend in the incidence of histological types of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the population of the city of Belgrade from 1999 to 2011. METHODS: From the Serbian National Cancer Registry we extracted all recorded cases of skin cancer in Belgrade from January 1st 1999 to December 31st 2011. Incidence rates were standardized by the method of direct standardization with the world population as the standard population. Trends and annual percentage change (APC) of incidence rate were calculated by performing joinpoint regression analyses. RESULTS: Incidence rate of nonmelanoma skin cancer showed significantly increasing trend between 1999 and 2006 with APC of 8.6% (95% Cl: 5.6-11.7), basal cell carcinoma increased with APC of 8.4% (95% Cl: 5.2-11.6) and squamous cell skin carcinoma with APC of 9.33% (95% Cl: 5.7-13.1). The incidence increased with age for both men and women, especially after the age of 60. CONCLUSION: Our results showed a continuously increasing incidence trend of both basal cell and squamous cell skin carcinomas in the population of the city of Belgrade between 1999 and 2011. Adequate primary and secondary prevention would certainly be successful in reducing this type of cancer in the future.