The extraction, purification, structural features, bioactivities, and applications of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides: A review.

Schisandra chinensis, as a famous medicinal and food homologous plant, has a long history of medicinal and dietary therapy. It has the functions of nourishing the kidney, calming the heart, tranquilising the mind, tonifying Qi and producing fluid to relieve mental stress, based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Accumulating evidence has shown that S. chinensis polysaccharides (SCPs) are one of the most important bioactive macromolecules and exhibit diverse biological activities in vitro and in vivo, including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities, etc. This review aims to thoroughly review the recent advances in the extraction and purification methods, structural features, biological activities and structure-activity relationships, potential applications and quality assessment of SCPs, and further highlight the therapeutic potentials and health functions of SCPs in the fields of therapeutic agents and functional food development. Future insights and challenges of SCPs were also critically discussed. Overall, the present review provides a theoretical overview for the further development and utilization of S. chinensis polysaccharides in the health food and pharmaceutical fields.

Extraction techniques, structural features and biological functions of Hippophae rhamnoides polysaccharides: A review.

Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) is a type of traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical application. It is used in the improvement and treatment of various diseases as medicine and food to strengthen the stomach and digestion, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, promoting blood circulation, and resolving blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine. Emerging evidence has shown that H. rhamnoides polysaccharides (HRPs) are vital bioactive macromolecules responsible for its various health benefits. HRPs possess the huge potential to develop a drug improving or treating different diseases. In this review, we comprehensively and systematically summarize the recent information on extraction and purification methods, structural features, biological activities, structure-activity relationships, and potential industry applications of HRPs and further highlight the therapeutic potential and sanitarian functions of HRPs in the fields of therapeutic agents and functional food development. Additionally, this paper also lists a variety of biological activities of HRPs in vitro and in vivo roundly. Finally, this paper also discusses the structure-activity relationships and potential applications of HRPs. Overall, this work will help to have a better in-depth understanding of HRPs and provide a scientific basis and direct reference for more scientific and rational applications.

Construction of the pulmonary bio-adhesive delivery system of nintedanib nanocrystalline for effective treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal lung disease with a high mortality rate. Nintedanib, as a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is widely used as the first line drug for PF patients. However, only nintedanib oral formulations are used currently in clinic and show a low drug selectivity, significant first-pass effect and low bioavailability with 4.7%, thus limiting the clinical outcome of nintedanib. In this study, nintedanib was prepared in the form of nintedanib nanocrystalline (Nib-NC) and then encapsulated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to construct a nanocrystalline-in-adhesive delivery system Nib-NC@HA with high drug loading efficacy and pulmonary bio-adhesive properties, which could avoid the first-pass effects, increase the bioavailability and reduce the systemic side effects of nintedanib. After inhalation administration of Nib-NC@HA, due to the bio-adhesive properties of HA, Nib-NC@HA could prolong the retention time of drug in the lungs and inhibit the expression of inflammation associated factors such as IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α in lung tissue, reduce the release of pro-fibrotic growth factor, and improve the lung function, thus showing enhanced anti-fibrotic effect than Nib-NC. The results suggested that Nib-NC@HA is an efficient and optimal targeted bio-adhesive delivery system for the lungs to treat pulmonary fibrosis.

Research progress in the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of Valeriana jatamansi Jones.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE: Valeriana jatamansi Jones, belongs to the Valerianaceae family, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda, traditional Indian medicine (TIM). This traditional herb has been officially listed in the pharmacopoeia of sixteen countries. Its usage was first described in Diannan Bencao, also known as "Zhizhuxiang", is a famous folk medicine herb with a long history of medicinal usage in China, and it was used to treat indigestion, flu, and mental disorders in the Han, Achang, Bai, Blang, Dai, Jingpo, Naxi, and Wa ethnic groups. In recent years, V. jatamansi has attracted worldwide attention as an important medicinal due to its pharmacological activity especially in nervous and digestive systems, and multiple uses. AIM OF THE STUDY: The current review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of V. jatamansi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relevant information of V. jatamansi was obtained from several databases including Web of Science, PubMed, ACS Publications, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Ph.D. and MSc dissertations, using "Valeriana jatamansi Jones", "Valeriana jatamansi", and "" as keywords. After eliminating repetitive and low-quality reports, the remaining reports were analyzed and summarized to prepare this review. Plant information was retrieved by www.worldfloraonline.org and www.gbif.org using "Valeriana jatamansi Jones" as keyword. RESULTS: V. jatamansi has been historically utilized as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, neurological, and gastrointestinal disorders. More than 400 compounds have been identified in V. jatamansi including iridoids, volatile oils, lignans, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, triterpenes as well as other compounds. The plant extracts and compounds showed various pharmacological activities such as antitumor, cytotoxic, antivirus, etc. In addition, V. jatamansi has found various applications in the agricultural, food, and cosmetics industry. CONCLUSION: A review of literature shows V. jatamansi has pharmacological properties valuable in treating diseases, particularly for antianxiety and gastrointestinal disorders. Despite a wide spectrum of effects from specific compounds, research mainly focuses on in vitro and in vivo, with a lack of pharmacokinetics, clinical trials and underlying mechanisms. Consequently, it becomes important to embark on additional researchs to elucidate the pharmacokinetics, material basis and mechanisms of V. jatamansi, thereby realizing the aspiration of its comprehensive utilization and sustainable development.

A review of the polysaccharides against fatigue and the underlying mechanism.

Fatigue is a common physiological state that affects normal human activities. Prolonged fatigue induces a variety of diseases and seriously affects human health, so it is imperative to discover nutritional dietary supplements and treatments without side effects, among which natural anti-fatigue polysaccharides have shown great potential. Polysaccharides, a class of biomolecules produced by a variety of organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria and algae, have attracted much attention in recent years due to their anti-fatigue activity and fewer side effects. This review summarizes the classification, dosage and experimental models of polysaccharides with anti-fatigue activity obtained from different natural sources. We also review the fatigue-relieving effects of these polysaccharides through mechanisms such as modulating oxidative damage, regulating energy metabolism and influencing intestinal flora, as well as the effects of molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, structural features and chemical modifications of the polysaccharides on their anti-fatigue activities to support their potential application value in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. New valuable insights for future research on natural polysaccharides are also presented in the field of natural production of bio-based functional materials, functional foods and therapeutic agents.

Chinese patent medicine Tongxinluo: A review on chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, quality control, and clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing a significant economic burden on individuals and societies. For the past few years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as fewer side effects in the treatment of CCVD. TXL has shown great promise in the treatment of CCVD. PURPOSE: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to TXL, covering its chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacological properties, adverse reactions, and clinical applications through an extensive search of relevant electronic databases while discussing its current challenges and provides opinions for future study. METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched up to 2023: "TXL", "CCVD", "Chemical constituents", "Quality control" and "Pharmacological properties" were entered as keywords in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and WANFANG DATA databases. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in this review process. RESULTS: Studies have confirmed that TXL is effective in treating patients with CCVD and has fewer adverse effects. The aim of this review is to explore TXL anti-CCVD effects in relation to oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and enhanced cardiac function. This review also provides additional information on safety issues. CONCLUSION: TXL plays a key role in the treatment of CCVD by regulating various pathways such as lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. However, further clinical trials and animal experiments are needed to provide more evidence and recommendations for its clinical application. This article provides an overview of TXL research to inform and inspire future studies.

Extraction, purification, structural features, biological activities, modifications, and applications from Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharides: A review.

Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz), as a famous medicinal and edible plant, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, diuresis, and resolving masses. Phytochemistry investigations revealed that T. mongolicum has various bioactive ingredients, mainly including flavonoids, sterols, polysaccharides, phenolic acids and volatile oils. There is growing evidence have shown that the polysaccharides from T. mongolicum (TMPs) are a class of representative pharmacologically bioactive macromolecules with a variety of biological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic, anti-bacterial, regulation of intestinal microbial, and anti-fatigue activities, etc. Additionally, the structural modification and potential applications of TMPs were also outlined. The present review aims to comprehensively and systematically collate the recent research progress on extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, mechanism of action, structural modification, and potential industry applications of TMPs to support their therapeutic potential and health care functions. Overall, the present review provides a theoretical overview for further development and utilization of TMPs in the fields of pharmaceutical and health food.

Recent advances in Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides: Preparation techniques, structural features, and bioactivities.

Platycodon grandiflorum, a globally recognized medicinal and edible plant, possesses significant nutritional value and pharmacological value. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects of tonifying the spleen and replenishing the Qi, moistening the lung and relieving the cough, clearing the heat and detoxifying, and relieving the pain. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the polysaccharides from P. grandiflorum (PGPs) are one of the major and representative biologically active macromolecules and have diverse biological activities, such as immunomodulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-tumor activity, regulation of the gut microbiota, anti-oxidant activity, anti-apoptosis activity, anti-angiogenesis activity, hypoglycemic activity, anti-microbial activity, and so on. Although the polysaccharides extracted from P. grandiflorum have been extensively studied for the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, and pharmacological activities, the knowledge of their structures and bioactivity relationship, toxicologic effects, and pharmacokinetic profile is limited. The main purpose of the present review is to provide comprehensively and systematically reorganized information on extraction and purification, structure characterizations, and biological functions as well as toxicities of PGPs to support their therapeutic potentials and sanitarian functions. New valuable insights for future research regarding PGPs were also proposed in the fields of therapeutic agents and functional foods.

Modified Amber Particles as a Stabilizer to Construct Oil-in-Water Pickering Emulsions for Improved Thermal Stability of Acorus tatarinowii Essential Oil.

Lingzhu Pulvis is a classic formulation for treating febrile convulsions in children. However, Acorus tatarinowii essential oil (AT-EO) in this prescription is prone to volatilization and oxidation, compromising the efficacy and quality control of this formulation. Herein, based on the concept of "combination of medicine and adjuvant", Pickering emulsion technology was applied to enhance the stability of AT-EO using modified amber as a stabilizer. Amber was a resinous medicinal powder in Lingzhu Pulvis and was modified into a suitable stabilizer for Pickering emulsion through surface modification. A thermal stability study indicated that Pickering emulsion, stabilized by modified amber, exhibited a higher retention rate of AT-EO and lower levels of peroxide value and malondialdehyde content compared to those of the pure AT-EO group after heat treatment at 40 °C for 1, 3, and 8 h. Additionally, component analysis in content and composition revealed that the volatile components of AT-EO in the Pickering emulsion were more stable during the thermal treatment process. This study convincingly illustrates the potential of a Pickering emulsion stabilized with modified medicinal powders to improve the thermal stability of the essential oil.

Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils Against Ulcerative Colitis: A Review.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-sp ecific inflammatory disease of the colorectal mucosa. Researchers have associated UC onset with familial genetics, lifestyle behavior, inflammatory immune factors, intestinal microbiota, and the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The primary therapeutic interventions for UC consist of pharmacological management to control inflammation and promote mucosal healing and surgical interventions. The available drugs effectively control and decelerate the progression of UC in most patients; nonetheless, their long-term administration can exert adverse effects and influence the therapeutic effect. Plant essential oils (EOs) refer to a group of hydrophobic aromatic volatile substances. EOs have garnered considerable attention in both domestic and international research because of their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. They include peppermint, peppercorns, rosemary, and lavender, among others. Researchers have investigated the role of EOs in medicine and have elucidated their potential to mitigate the detrimental effects of UC through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-insomnia properties as well as their ability to regulate the intestinal flora. Furthermore, EOs exert minimal toxic adverse effects, further enhancing their appeal for therapeutic applications. However, these speculations are based on theoretical experiments, thereby warranting more clinical studies to confirm their effectiveness and safety. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the advancements in utilizing natural medicine EOs for UC prevention and treatment. We will explore the potential pathogenesis of UC and examine the role of EOs therapy in basic research, quality stability, and management specification of inadequate EOs for UC treatment. We intend to offer novel insights into the use of EOs in UC prevention and management.

Traditional Chinese medicine and mitophagy: A novel approach for cardiovascular disease management.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing an enormous economic burden on individuals and human society. Laboratory studies have identified several drugs that target mitophagy for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Only a few of these drugs have been successful in clinical trials, and most studies have been limited to animal and cellular models. Furthermore, conventional drugs used to treat CVD, such as antiplatelet agents, statins, and diuretics, often result in adverse effects on patients' cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory systems. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained significant attention for its unique theoretical basis and clinical efficacy in treating CVD. PURPOSE: This paper systematically summarizes all the herbal compounds, extracts, and active monomers used to target mitophagy for the treatment of CVD in the last five years. It provides valuable information for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, pharmacologists, and clinicians developing herbal medicines with fewer side effects, as well as a useful reference for future mitophagy research. METHODS: The search terms "cardiovascular disease," "mitophagy," "herbal preparations," "active monomers," and "cardiac disease pathogenesis" in combination with "natural products" and "diseases" were used to search for studies published in the past five years until January 2024. RESULTS: Studies have shown that mitophagy plays a significant role in the progression and development of CVD, such as atherosclerosis (AS), heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia. Herbal compound preparations, crude extracts, and active monomers have shown potential as effective treatments for these conditions. These substances protect cardiomyocytes by inducing mitophagy, scavenging damaged mitochondria, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. They display notable efficacy in combating CVD. CONCLUSION: TCM (including herbal compound preparations, extracts, and active monomers) can treat CVD through various pharmacological mechanisms and signaling pathways by inducing mitophagy. They represent a hotspot for future cardiovascular basic research and a promising candidate for the development of future cardiovascular drugs with fewer side effects and better therapeutic efficacy.

Extraction, structural features, and pharmacological effects of the polysaccharides from Porphyra yezoensis: A review.

Porphyra yezoensis, an important medicinal seaweed extensively cultivated and consumed in China, Japan, and South Korea, is traditionally considered a precious healthy food and food additive. Published studies showed that the polysaccharides are major bioactive macromolecules from P. yezoensis with great potential for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods. As an important component of P. yezoensis, P. yezoensis polysaccharide (PYP) is mainly extracted by hot water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction methods. Subsequently obtained by decolorization, deproteinization, removal of other small molecules, and separation on various chromatographic columns. The main structural components of PYP were (1 → 3)-linked ß-D-galactose and (1 → 4)-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose. Accumulating evidence has revealed that PYP has diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, suppressing kidney stones, immunomodulatory, etc. This review systematically summarizes the recent preparation progress, chemical structures, bioactivities, and the underlying mechanisms of PYP. Information from this review provides insights into the further development of PYP as therapeutic agents and functional foods. Although there have been extensive studies on PYP, there are gaps in establishing quality standard, toxicological research, clinical application and other aspects. To enhance the utility of P. yezoensis, it is necessary to strengthen the research on these aspects.

Preparation technologies, structural features, and biological activities of polysaccharides from Mesona chinensis Benth.: A review.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Mesona chinensis Benth. (or Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton) is an important medicinal and edible plant also known as the Hsian-tsao in China and Southeast Asian countries. It is cold in nature and sweet in taste, with the effects of clearing heat, relieving heatstroke and diuretic, and traditionally used to treat heatstroke, erysipelas, hypertension, joint pain and other diseases in folk medicine. It is also a popular supplement with the function of detoxifying and heat-clearing use in Asia. It is used to be processed into the popular tea, Bean jelly, and so on. Published studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides from M. chinensis (MCPs) are one of the principal bioactive ingredients with a variety of health-promoting effects in the prevention and treatment of diseases, including antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, regulation of gut microbiota, and other pharmacological properties. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aims to compile the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities including the mechanism of action of MCPs, and to further understand the applications of M. chinensis in order to lay the foundation for the development of MCPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By inputting the search term "Mesona chinensis polysaccharides", relevant research information was obtained from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS: More than 40 polysaccharides have been extracted from M. chinensis, different extraction and purification methods have been described, as well as the structural features and pharmacological activities of MCPs have been systematically reviewed. Polysaccharides, as important components of M. chinensis, were mainly extracted by methods such as hot water dipping method, hot alkali extraction method, enzyme-assisted extraction method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, subsequently obtained by decolorization, deproteinization, removal of other small molecules and separation on various chromatographic columns. The chemical composition and structure of MCPs show diversity and have a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, regulation of gut microbiota, and so on. CONCLUSIONS: This article systematically reviews the research progress of MCPs in terms of extraction and purification, structural characteristics, rheological gel properties, pharmacological properties, and safety assessment. The potentials and roles of M. chinensis in the field of medicine, functional food, and materials are further highlighted to provide references and bases for the high-value processing and utilization of MCPs.

Isolation, structures, bioactivities, and utilizations of polysaccharides from Dictyophora species: A review.

Dictyophora species is an edible and medicinal fungus belonging to the Basidiomycotina, Gasteromycetes, Phallales, family Phallaceae, and genus Dictyophora, which is popular with consumers in China and across various Asian regions. Polysaccharides from Dictyophora species (DPs) are important bioactive macromolecules with multiple health benefits, according to published studies, including anti-tumor, antioxidative, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, regulation of gut microbiota, antibacterial, renoprotective, and other pharmacological effects. Based on their rich pharmacological activities, the preparation techniques, structural characteristics and pharmacological activities of DPs have been extensively studied. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no dedicated review to shed light on recent advances in DPs. Therefore, in order to fill this gap, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the research on DPs, including the latest advances in extraction, isolation and purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological properties, safety assessment and potential utilizations, which will provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of subsequent DPs-related products.

Amomum villosum Lour.: An insight into ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Amomum villosum Lour. is a widely esteemed species of medicinal plant on a global scale. Its medicinal properties have been documented as early as the Tang Dynasty, particularly the fruit, which holds significant medicinal and culinary value. This plant is extensively found in tropical and subtropical regions across Asia. It possesses the properties of warming the middle and dispelling cold, regulating Qi to invigorate the spleen, harmonizing the stomach to alleviate vomiting, and nourishing deficiencies. In recent years, A. villosum has garnered global attention for its remarkable biological activity. Currently, numerous bioactive compounds have been successfully isolated and identified, showcasing a diverse array of pharmacological activities and medicinal benefits. AIM OF THE WORK: This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research advancements in the geographical distribution, botany, traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, quality control, clinical applications, and toxicology of A. villosum. Furthermore, a critical summary of the current research and future prospects of this plant is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Obtain information about A. villosum from ancient literature, doctoral and master's theses, and scholarly databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), ScienceDirect, plant directories, and clinical reports. RESULTS: At present, about 500 compounds have been isolated and identified from various organs of A. villosum, including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, polysaccharides, and other components. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that A. villosum exhibits exceptional biological activities in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver protection, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti-microbial, regulating gastrointestinal activity, immune regulation, regulating flora, anti-obesity, estrogen, and more. Some of these activities have found extensive application in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: A. villosum, as a well-established medicinal herb, holds significant therapeutic potential and is also valued for its culinary applications. Currently, the research on the active components or crude extracts of A. villosum and their potential mechanisms of action remains limited. Furthermore, certain pharmacological activities require further elucidation for a comprehensive understanding of its internal mechanisms. Moreover, it is strongly recommended to prioritize research on pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies. These efforts will facilitate a thorough exploration of the potential of A. villosum and establish a robust foundation for its potential clinical applications.

Research progress of sorafenib drug delivery system in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in the contemporary era, representing a significant global health concern. Early HCC patients have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, which promotes the onset and progression of the disease. Moreover, advanced HCC is insensitive to chemotherapy, making traditional clinical treatment unable to block cancer development. Sorafenib (SFB) is a first-line targeted drug for advanced HCC patients with anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor cell proliferation effects. However, the efficacy of SFB is constrained by its off-target distribution, rapid metabolism, and multi-drug resistance. In recent years, nanoparticles based on a variety of materials have been demonstrated to enhance the targeting and therapeutic efficacy of SFB against HCC. Concurrently, the advent of joint drug delivery systems has furnished crucial empirical evidence for reversing SFB resistance. This review will summarize the application of nanotechnology in the field of HCC treatment over the past five years. It will focus on the research progress of SFB delivery systems combined with multiple therapeutic modalities in HCC treatment.

Myrrh Essential Oil Improves DSS-Induced Colitis by Modulating the MAPK Signaling Pathway: In vitro and in vivo Studies.

Objective: To explore the mechanism and active components of the anti-colitis effects of myrrh essential oil (MEO). Methods: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of MEO on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis with in vitro cell experiments, RNA-seq (RNA Sequencing), Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), combined with "weighting coefficient" network pharmacology, as and in vivo pharmacodynamic experiments. A 3% DSS solution was used to induce colitis in BALB/c mice and MEO was administered orally. We performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the MEO components. The disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated by observing body weight, fecal characteristics, and blood in the stool of mice. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1ß) in mouse serum were measured using ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits. Additionally, the expression of MAPK-related proteins (JNK, p-JNK, ERK, and p-ERK) in mouse colonic tissues was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: MEO (0.0625-0.125µg/g, p.o). significantly inhibited the expression of the inflammatory mediator Nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. After treatment, there was a significant increase in body weight and alleviation of diarrhea and bloody stools in colitis mice. It also reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, it decreased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß, and reduced the activity of p-JNK and p-ERK in the MAPK pathway. Conclusion: MEO relieved DSS-induced colitis by modulating the MAPK pathway. The experimental results indicate that the MAPK pathway might be inhibited by the synergistic effect of gamma-Muurolene, Curzerene, beta-Elemene, and Furanoeudesma 1.3-diene in MEO, which provides a novel idea for subsequent research and development of new anti-colitis drugs.